高考英語閱讀試題的命題方向與設(shè)計

1、主旨大義 事實細節(jié) 推理判斷 推斷詞義 文章結(jié)構(gòu)作者的態(tài)度和意圖一表層理解試題題方向采用多線詰問法，而不全是單線詰問法。必須全文把握?？隙ㄐ远嗑€詰問法1According to he uthor, which of he following sements is rue?2Which 3Which 4Whichof f ofthe following describes a well-designed tool?he ollowing s ost robably ritten n nformal nglish?the following is the correct order of shop

2、with thecomputerized shopcarts?Choose the correct sements from the following according to the passage.How many reasons are mentioned for a visit to lighthouse?否定性多線詰問法Which of the following is NOT mentioned.?All the following .EXCEPT.?對于這種詰問法，考生一般會有三種錯誤。一是審題，二是答題失憶，三是正誤失判。審題錯誤反映考生對 EXCEPT 或 NOT 沒注意或

3、沒看清楚或沒反應(yīng)過來！答題失憶則說明考生在答題過程中，特別是在文中找細節(jié)時（重讀）忘記了題目的原意！正誤失判則表明考生對正確選項和肯定選項不能很好地和很清楚地區(qū)分開來。請參看以下問題設(shè)計。1The British try to solve he roblem f ueuing y ll he ollowing EXCEPT .2 All the following are included.he price of 299 EXCEPT3Which of 4Which of 5Which ofthe he thefollowing is NOT mentionedhe passage?ollow

4、ing sements is OT entionedhe assage？ the passage?following CANNOT be true according to題方向二理解試題主要檢測考生理解文章主旨要義、簡單的推理判斷、根據(jù)上下文推斷詞義、理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)以及理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度等五個方面的能力。文章主旨要義題的一般設(shè)計最佳標題法：即直接詰問最佳標題，這要求考生必須對全文有高度的概括并可以通過該標題回顧文章例如：1What might be the most 2Which of the following（05 國 3-41）3What might be the most全文主旨法：

5、即詰問文章。suitable would betitle for the text?（05 皖-63）the best title for the text?suitabletitle for the text?（05 浙-56）內(nèi)容，這也要求考生有一定抽象思維的能力，并能恰倒好處地把握全文。例如：1The text is mainly about .（05 國 3-54） 2What does this passage mainly talk about?（05 渝-71）3The passage mainly tells us about in UK.（05 滬-79）段落要義法：即就某一

6、段落詰問考生以檢測考生對段落的把握能力。1What does the last paragraph mainly discuss?（05 浙-60）WeIn to gocan learn from the last paragraph that.（05 浙-55）the last paragraph, the writer implies that there is a long way.（05 鄂-71）推理判斷題的一般設(shè)計考生通過對一篇文章的閱讀后應(yīng)該可以根據(jù)文章的脈絡(luò)、語氣、事實細節(jié)、邏輯等做出一般性的簡單的推理判斷?？梢哉f，只要把文章認真看過并且讀懂，一般的推理題對于考生而言不算太難。

7、不過，各位考生要特別留意字里行間，并對命題人的一般詰問方式有所體會。全文推斷It can be inferred from the text that .（05 皖-61）We may infer from the text that the criminal knows how to reach the car owners because .（05 國 3-53）What can be inferred from the passage?（05 渝-58）From the passage, we can conclude that .（05 遼-59）According to the te

8、xt, the Sierra Club is most likely to be .（05 魯-68）We may conclude from the passage that .（05 津-55）段落推斷1We learn from paragraph 1 that.（05 國 3-58）單句推斷1What can we infer from the sentence “But has the world changed?” in the second paragraph?事例推斷From the second example we can infer that the parents of

9、 the two daughters .Kristen felt sad and cried because .（05 粵-58）來源推斷1The two letters most probably appear in a .（05 湘-71）文脈推斷1What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?（05 蘇-75）2 What information will probably be provided following the last paragraph?（05 滬-75）對

10、象推斷1The intended readers of the passage are.（05 滬-73）詞義推斷題的一般設(shè)計可能詞義法1The nderlined ord “survey”means .（05 皖-56）肯定詞義法hearagraph ost robablyThe underlined word “detour” in paragraph 5 means .（05 國 1-61） The underlined phrase “ out-of-the-way ” in Paragraph 4 means.（05 渝-68）最佳詞義法1The ord（05 滬-76）satiat

11、edin aragraphan est e eplaced y ”.2The word “presumptuous”he middle of the passage is closesteaning to “”.（05 滬-70）文章結(jié)構(gòu)題的一般設(shè)計文章結(jié)構(gòu)題檢測的是考生對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)把握能力。通常有兩種設(shè)計。一是指代詰問法，是考查考生對文章中指示代詞對前文或后文的指代的判斷能力。二是組織結(jié)構(gòu)法，是考查考生對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)與組織形式的判斷能力。指代詰問法The nderlined（05 皖-72）The nderlined（05 國 3-52） 3The underlined（05 浙-53）ord

12、 “it”he econd aragraph efers o .ord “they”he ast aragraph efers o word “they”(paragraph1)refers to.4The underlined word “these”（05 鄂-64）in Paragraphefers o “”.5We earn rom he exttthe onest neshe ourth aragraphmost probably refers to colleges.（05 魯-59）組織結(jié)構(gòu)法1How is the textanized?（05 浙-52）2The ex-72）le of the littoy is used to showt .（05 京3Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?（05 蘇-72）作者的態(tài)度和意圖題的一般設(shè)計讀過一篇文章后必然要對作者的意圖和態(tài)度有一個清晰的概念。這種能力也是高考考生所必須掌握的能力。理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度的試題設(shè)計一般有兩種。詰問作者意圖或態(tài)度What is the authors opinion about the sudden change children?（05 皖-75）Which poof view may t