高中非謂語動詞課件[0]

1、非謂語動詞講解Nonfinite Verbs非謂語動詞動名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動詞不定式1.謂語動詞：概述：2. 非謂語動詞：在句子中擔任謂語的動詞 是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。非謂語動詞使用條件She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.1 The teachers sitting there are from oth

2、er schools.表語2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 賓語補足語3 We need to be active in class. 賓語謂語賓語主語定語連系動詞劃分句子成分非謂語動詞大都可在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等.4.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 5.I want to see you.6.I want him to see you. 7.My hope is to see you.8.He is the man to see you.9.Im glad to see

3、you. 10.I went to see you. 11.He went so early as to see you（作主語）(作賓語）（作賓補）(作表語）（作定語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）12.Swimming is his favourite sport. 13.He enjoys swimming. 14.I found him swimming in the river. 15.His favourite sport is swimming.16.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 17. Swimming

4、in Summer ,we can get cool.（作主語）(作賓語）(作賓補）(作表語）(作狀語）(作定語）動詞不定式（The Infinitive）一. 動詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：由不定式符號to加動詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被動式：to be done 完成式：to have done二. 動詞不定式的句法作用法動詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語定語、狀語等成份。動詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to

5、 see you this eveningAll you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語 賓語表語 定語 狀語 賓補(1)作主語 不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式

6、主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 謂語 + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）（是

7、形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teach

8、er like that.常見動詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇 want, decide, hope, agree, choose, wish, need ,promise(2)作賓語 I want to know this matter.like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等I dont

9、expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做賓語1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties.5. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.B. 常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動詞:tell, advis

10、e, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see(understand)He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.I hope youll advise me what to do.I dont know how to get there.I havent decided whether to go or stay. beginstartcontinue +to do

11、doing注意下列動詞likelovehatepreferlearn+to dodoingrememberforgetregret+to dodoingtrymeanstopgo on+to dodoing1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restin

12、gC. to restD. rest4. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off(3)作賓語補足語(與賓語之間的關系實際上是邏輯上的主謂關系)1. Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock. 2. Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou. 3. Whatcausedhim_changehismind? 4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossibl

13、e. 5. He asked me _do the work with himadvise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite order wishobligewant warn remindpromise permitpersuade requestsb. to dosee watch look athearlisten to feelnotice+sb. +dodoing donemake lethavesb. beseen watched looked atheardlistened to feltnoti

14、ced+to do madelet2).Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong. Didyounoticeanyone(come)in? Iwouldhavehim(wait)formeforalongtime. Lookatthehorsejump. 注意：當這類動詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動語態(tài)時，其后的不定式則要加上“to”如： He is often heard _ the songHewasseen_theroom. to singtoenter4. it作形式賓語I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it inte

15、resting to work with him注意：不定式短語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。 Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth. 1.Wethought_better_startearly. 2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish s

16、o much homework in a day.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當形式填空，使句子完整、正確。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. wentB. goingC. to g

17、oD. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the window.not to look B. to not lookC. dont lookD. not look help(to)waterto takecryto cry 5.I have something to tell you. (不定式作定語)不定式與它所修飾的詞有動賓關系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? (區(qū)別主被動）不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容 I have no chance

18、to go there.被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語 She is the last to leave the room.不定式為不及物動詞時，須加介詞 He is looking for a room to live in. 1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruitC. c

19、utting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （寫上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （寫）to write onto write with動詞不定式做定語注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就應有必要的介詞。如： He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut

20、 with(5)作狀語表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him，you would like him(目的) (原因)(結(jié)果) (條件)動名詞（gerund）一. 動名詞的基本構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二. 動名詞的性質(zhì)動名詞既具有動詞的特點有具有名詞的特點，具體表現(xiàn)為：1.動名

21、詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾I hope you dont mind my saying it.2. 動名詞可帶有自己的賓語和狀語Are you for or against having the meeting.I insisted on leaving at once.三.動名詞的功用1.可作主語Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous

22、 There is no + doing.It is no use crying.It is no good objectingLooking after the patients is a nurses job.Its dangerous playing with fire.Its a waste of time copying others homework.There is no joking about the matter.2.可作賓語 S. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a

23、different way.在某些動詞后要求用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式，常見的這類動詞有：避免錯過 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone建議完成 (多) 練習 suggest / advise finish practise喜歡想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help承認 否定 (與) 嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脫 冒險 (莫) 原諒 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind注：在動詞a

24、dvise, allow, forbid(禁止)，permit（允許）等后，如果沒有人稱賓語，后跟動名詞；如果有人稱賓語則后跟不定式。例如 We dont allow people to fish here. 我們不準人們在這兒釣魚。 People are not allowed to fish here. 人們不準在這兒釣魚。 prefer.to. look forward to be used to put off give up S. + keep on + doing succeed in cant help feel like be busy be worth have diffic

25、ulty/trouble/problem (in)作介詞/短語動詞的賓語:S. + v. + prep. + doinge.g.She sat there without (speak)I look forward to (see) him again.Are you used to (live) there alone?When my father heard the news, he couldnt help (laugh).I dont feel like (go) to see the film.He was busy (prepare) his lessons.主動表被動: want

26、 (需要) need (需要) require (需要) Sth. + + doing be worth (值得)使用動名詞作賓語時，用主動形式表達被動含義to be done使用不定式作賓語時，依然用被動形式表達被動含義 The room wants (clean). The method needs (improve). This pair of shoes require (mend). The problem needs (work out). The question is well worth (discuss)d）動詞 “l(fā)ike, love, hate, prefer”后接動名

27、詞表示“習慣性動作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動作”。當用在 should, would之后時，只跟不定式。例如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜歡游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。What would you like to eat tonight?你今晚上想吃什么？Stop；forget；try；Mean；go on；Others Examples五.動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞前可以加一個 物主代詞或 名詞所有格來表示 這個動名詞邏輯上的主語 ，構(gòu)成動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)或動名詞短語1).物主代詞 / 名詞所有格 +

28、動名詞 在句中作主語: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont be of much help. 2).人稱代詞賓格 / 名詞 + 動名詞 在句中作賓語: Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a p

29、ilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking.分詞：Participles一 分詞的概述1. 分詞是“非謂語動詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn) 在分詞（Present Participle）和過去分詞（Past Participle）。 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞：doing 過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞 V+ed 不規(guī)則動詞 3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中 作表語、定語狀語和賓語補足語?，F(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動Do you know the woman t

30、alking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 時態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boiled water二、分詞的作用1、作定語分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱為前置定語。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后置定語。（1）前置定語He is a promising young man.Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child.We only sel

31、l used books.我們只賣用過的書。（2）后置定語The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。The bridge built last month needs repairing.上個月建造的那座橋需要修理。（3）分詞短語作定語必須置于被修飾詞之后， 相當于一個定語從句。如：Those who wish to join the club should sign here(T

32、hose wishing to join this club should sign here.)想加入本俱樂部的人在這里簽名。The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)由于被嚴重困擾，這個人幾乎失去了記憶。(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. （4）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動和完成，只表完成。如：the question discussed yesterday昨天討論的問題（既表示被動也表示完成

33、）the fallen leaves落下的樹葉(只表示完成，不表示被動)2、作表語分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：She was too frightened to move.她被嚇得一動不動。What you said is really inspiring.你所說的真令從鼓舞。3、作賓語補足語可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。I saw him walking in the street. 我看見他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom.我聽見

34、他們在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English . 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別四、作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行，過去分詞表被動完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of

35、 the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. 4.I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.When they heard the bad newsGiven more attention, the t

36、rees could have grown better.If they had been given more attentionBeing so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.Because he was so angryThey came into the classroom,singing and laughing.and they were singing laughingTo serve the people well, I study hard. In order to serve the people well判斷下列句子正誤：1. To lear

37、n English well, a lot of practice must be done.2. Seeing from the hill, the city is more beautiful.3. Heating , water will boil.4. Getting there, the door was found opened. 判斷句子正誤并改正：1, Being ill, his classmate sent him to hospital.2. To get there in time, he told me to get up early.3, Broken by Jim

38、, I cant use the cup.將下列狀語從句改為非謂語短語作狀語：1. Because she was moved by the hero, she decided to study harder.Moved by the hero,2. When he found the door locked, he went home.Finding the door locked,He started early in order that he could get there on time.to get there on time將下列非謂語短語改寫為狀語從句1. Not knowin

39、g her address, I cant write to her.2. Entering the room, I saw a strange sight.3, Scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.4.Not knowing where to go, he asked a policeman . 5. Hearing her friend was bad-ly hurt, she burst into tears.6. Knowing his team had won, he became happy at once.不定式時態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法1. 不

40、定式的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生時，用一般時態(tài) He wanted to see you 2. 強調(diào)不定式的動作正在進行時，用進行時態(tài)When I came in ,he pretended to be reading a book He is said to be writing a novel 3. 強調(diào) 不定式的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生時，用不定式完成時He is said to have written a novel . Im so glad to have seen you .The ground is so wet ,It must have rained last night 不定式

41、被動語態(tài)的用法.A, 當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)She asked to be sent to work in Tibet (賓語)The book is said to have been translated into English ( 或叫合 It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here (主 語)句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語，盡管不定式與被修飾詞是被動關系，也還要用主動語態(tài)1, Give him some book to read Do you have any clothes to wash ?“Do you

42、have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid 2, S +be+easy difficult hard pleasant interesting exciting comfortable +to doThis question is easy to answer The boy is difficult to teach 3, The house is to let The manager is to blame .The reason is not far to seek .4There be句型中，主動形式或被動形式均可但有時含意不同Ther

43、e is nothing to do now (we have nothing to do now )現(xiàn)在沒事干There is nothing to be done now (we can do nothing now )現(xiàn)在沒什么辦法There is nothing to see (nothing is worth seeing )沒有東西值得看There is nothing to be seen 看不見有什么東西分詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法 如果強調(diào)分詞表示的動作 發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，要用完成形式。Not having finished his homework ,Tom was made t

44、o stay at school .Having closed all the windows ,I went home Having been invited to the party ,Tom was very happy . 分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。分詞與其邏輯主語的關系時被動的，要用被動語態(tài)1.Looking out of the window, I can see many cars and buses.2.Seen from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more beautiful.3.The teacher came i

45、n, _many students.(follow)4.The teacher came in, _by many students.(follow)followingfollowed 如果強調(diào)分詞表示的動作正在進行時，要用分詞的進行時態(tài)。1. Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter.2. The house being built now is a Hope Project School.3. Passing by the accident scene, I saw the man badly hurt being carried

46、 onto an ambulance. Task: complete the following sentences1.“（你有衣服要洗嗎）?the maid asked.2._(沒有完成作業(yè)),Tom was forbidden to watch TV.3._(正在刷油漆), the house was not allowed to enter.4._(被邀請參加舞會), Mary felt excited.5.The difficult maths problem _(很難算出）.6.She was angry for _(沒有被邀請）to the ball.7.The thief sto

47、le into the store_(沒人看到）8.The flat _(出租）9.The man who was on duty that day _(應受譴責）10.They were proud of _(被派往西藏去工作）11.When the teacher came in, Tom _(假裝再看書）12.Ni Ping is said _(寫了一本名叫“日子”的書） 13.Song Dandan is said _(在寫一本叫“月子”的書）14._(從窗戶往外看), I can see many tall buildings.15._(從山頂往下看), the city looks

48、 more beautiful.16._(他有很多活要干）.Dont bother him.17._(他有很多活要干) and you can go ,too. Do you have any clothes to be washedNot having finished his homework,Being paintedNot having been invited to the ball,is difficult to work outnot having been invitedwithout being seenis to letis to blamehaving been sent

49、 to work in Tibetpretended to be reading to have written a book called “The Days”to be writing a book named “ The Months”Looking out of the window,Seen from top of the hill,He has a lot of work to doHe has a lot of work to be done分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)構(gòu)成（以study和go為例） 及物與不及物動詞 語態(tài) 時態(tài) 類別 及 物 動 詞 不及物動詞主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 主動語態(tài)現(xiàn)

50、在分詞一般式 studying being studied going完成式 having studied having been studied having going過去分詞一般式 studied gone被動式： being done 表示一個現(xiàn)在進行的完成動作。1.The building being repaired is our library.2.The question being discussed is very important.3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being put up.完成式：ha

51、ving done 所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.2. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 一般來說，分詞或分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。但有時候，分詞的動作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出來的，它有自己的邏輯主語。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（Independent Genitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語動詞(不

52、定式、動名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關系。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做狀語，多用于書面語。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。 Given more time, we could do it better.Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.1獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：（1）名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞及其短語The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.The pupils ar

53、e walking slowly, their teacher following.（2）名詞 / 代詞 + -ed分詞及其短語Good-bye said, we went home.All things considered, it is a good plan.（3）名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞及其短語The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming.Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated.（4）名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式及其短語The money to be paid by t

54、he driver, the police went away.Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.（5）名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞及其短語The meeting (being) over, we left the room.（6）名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞及其短語She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.2with + 復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以看成是一種獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)有較鮮明的特色。在這

55、種結(jié)構(gòu)中，with后的賓語相當于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語，其后面的詞相當于這個結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯謂語。這個結(jié)構(gòu)很像一個用來說明附帶情況或細節(jié)的，可以起狀語作用的句子。翻譯時，with原有的含意往往不翻譯出來。（1）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 名詞The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.He was carried into the hospital, with his face a mass of bleeding flesh.（2）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞The teacher came into the

56、 classroom with a book in his hand.He was asleep with his head on his arms.Family dependants, when ill, enjoy free medical treatment, with medicines at half price.（3）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞He went out with his hat on.The square looks more beautiful than ever with her lights on.4）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞Dont

57、 speak with your mouth full.The once lowly serfs now walk with heads high.5）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.With everyone surrounding us we can certainly succeed.She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.（6）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -en分詞Al

58、l the afternoon he worked with the door locked.He died with his lifes work still unfinished.With his matter settled, we left the room.（7）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do most of the work.This was a severe test, with innumerable difficulties to be overcome.Wi

59、th five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.3.由There being +主語這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.因為有許多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學習到深夜。不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別： 不定式作主語時經(jīng)常表示具體動作，而動名詞作主語時經(jīng)常表示抽象動作： Its no good eating too much fat. Its not good for you to eat so much

60、fat. 關于邏輯主語的問題動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)則是：1.邏輯主語是有生命的名詞：作主語時，須用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；作賓語時，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。Toms (His) coming is what we have expe 2. 邏輯主語是無生命的名詞：Is there any hope of our team winning the match She didnt mind Jack/ Jacks (him/ his) coming here.1. _to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B.