高考英語-短文改錯技巧

1、高考短文改錯2014-2016年高考新課標(biāo)全國卷短文改錯考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計表考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計 看考向 觀變化考點(diǎn)題量年份動詞名詞形容詞和副詞代詞關(guān)聯(lián)詞介詞冠詞2016全國2111311全國31022012015全國3121111全國31211112014全國1141111全國3121021合計156117866考情分析 找熱點(diǎn) 尋規(guī)律 短文改錯考查學(xué)生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的準(zhǔn)確性。設(shè)題一般包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等。通常是學(xué)生在英語運(yùn)用中常見的錯誤。 通過對近三年的短文改錯題的分析,可以預(yù)測2017年短文改錯的命題趨向?qū)⒅饕w現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面: 1.命題難度基本保持穩(wěn)定,體裁多以貼近學(xué)生生活的記敘文、應(yīng)用文為主

2、。文章一般為100詞左右。 2.錯誤設(shè)置類型相對穩(wěn)定,常見類型有:錯詞、多詞、少詞。 3.考查內(nèi)容覆蓋面廣,分布合理,但有所側(cè)重。從時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞到各類詞法(包括動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞等)、句法等,均有所考查。 4.考查考生對文章中心思想的把握,以及對文章的整體理解與結(jié)構(gòu)的分析判斷。動詞形，名詞數(shù)還要注意形和副代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟介詞短語須關(guān)注習(xí)慣用法要記住冠詞連詞常光顧 A Limerick考點(diǎn)突破 攻考點(diǎn) 克難關(guān)考點(diǎn)一動詞形【典例1】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city.I thi

3、nk I would be happy there.剖析:thinkthought由上句中“When I was a child.”可知,此處是陳述過去的想法,故用一般過去時。1.動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤. 2. 主、謂不一致的錯誤。 3.動詞的及物不及物和非謂語動詞的問題【典例2】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become.剖析:去掉been動詞show與主語Lots of studies之間為主動關(guān)系,故此處不需要用被動語態(tài)。【典例3】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)We must

4、 found ways to protect your (yourour/the) environment.剖析:foundfind情態(tài)動詞must后接動詞原形。 【典例4】 (2016新課標(biāo)全國)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. 剖析:.using 改成used 因be used for為固定搭配，意為“被用來做考點(diǎn)二名詞 數(shù)指名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤【典例1】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)The airs we breathe

5、in is getting dirtier and dirtier.剖析:airsair名詞air表示“空氣”時,是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式?！镜淅?】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)One day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. his parents were missing.剖析:parentparents由下文可知,是父母兩個人,所以用parent的復(fù)數(shù)形式。.剖析: honest改成honesty 由句意“成功的關(guān)鍵是誠實(shí)”，故用與名詞the key相對的名詞honesty作表語。【典例3】 (2016新課標(biāo)全國)

6、My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest考點(diǎn)三修飾名詞，be動詞，系動詞要用形容詞修飾動詞，形容詞，過去分詞，整個句子用副詞比較級和最高級的使用（切記無雙重比較）【典例1】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)Lots of studies have been ( been ) shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 剖析:seriouslyserious名詞前需用形容詞修飾還要注意形和副. 【典例2】 (2016新課標(biāo)全國)He hop

7、es that his business will grow steady.剖析: steady改為steadily 修飾動詞grow，表示“穩(wěn)步地”發(fā)展，應(yīng)用副詞steadily【典例2】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)Much rare animals are dying out.剖析:MuchMany名詞animals為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,故用many修飾?！镜淅?】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)Dad and I were terrible worried.剖析:terribleterribly修飾形容詞worried要用副詞,故terrible改為terribly。四、 代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟1人稱代詞主格

8、I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代詞形容詞性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some5疑問代詞who, whom, w

9、hose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either【典例1】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)We must found (foundfind) ways to protect your environment.剖析: yourour

10、/the根據(jù)句意可知此處的形容詞性物主代詞應(yīng)該與句子的主語We保持一致,故應(yīng)用our,或改為the。【典例2】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國).his parents were missing.Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.Mom said,“How nice to see you again!Dad and I.”剖析:saw后加his由上下文可知,Tony看到的是他的父母,故saw后加his?！镜淅?】 (2016新課標(biāo)全國)He hopes that our business will grow steadily. .剖析: our 改成his 根據(jù)主語

11、he可知，指“他的”事業(yè)，用形容詞性物主代詞his。考點(diǎn)六、介詞短語須關(guān)注，習(xí)慣用法要記住【典例1】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.剖析: onwithwith the development of隨著的發(fā)展,為固定搭配?！镜淅?】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)Tony saw a toy on a shop window.剖析:onin玩具應(yīng)該是在櫥窗里面。主要考查固定短語，固定介詞的搭配。【典例1】 (2016新課標(biāo)全國)My u

12、ncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time剖析:在dreams后加of/about 因dream of/about doing sth.為固定搭配，意為“夢想做某事考點(diǎn)七冠詞. 冠詞a, an和the的用法錯誤 連詞but,and,or, because,so和although的用法錯誤【典例1】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.剖析: countryside前加the句意:我現(xiàn)在居住在城

13、市,但是我想念我農(nóng)村的家。in the countryside在農(nóng)村。【典例2】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國).he quickly walked into the shop.A woman saw him crying and telling(told) him to wait outside a shop.剖析:athe特指上文提到的商店,故應(yīng)該用定冠詞the。六、冠詞連詞常光顧【典例1】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)There the air is clean or the mountains are green.剖析: orand根據(jù)上下文可知前后兩句為并列關(guān)系,故用并列連詞and。or表示選擇,

14、不符合語境?！镜淅?】 (2015新課標(biāo)全國)After looks (lookslooking) at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.剖析:wherethat或者去掉where根據(jù)句意“他轉(zhuǎn)過身,發(fā)現(xiàn)父母不見了”可知,此處作動詞found的賓語,賓語從句句意完整,不缺少成分,應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo),that也可省略?！镜淅?】 (2016新課標(biāo)全國)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the sh

15、ort period of time.剖析: the 改成a 意思是“在一段短時期內(nèi)”致富，表示“一段”用a?！镜淅?】 (2016新課標(biāo)全國My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. .剖析: that 改成 where 介詞to后應(yīng)是賓語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用where，意為“的地方”，close to where I live (離我住的地方不遠(yuǎn)的)是形容詞短語作后置定語，修飾a restaurant。短文改錯題是目前高考英語新課標(biāo)卷的必考項(xiàng)目,而且所占分值也很大。該題型旨在考查學(xué)生對錯誤的發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正

16、能力以及對詞匯、語法和語篇三要素的把握能力。根據(jù)短文改錯題的命題規(guī)律和考生答題時所暴露的問題,建議考生在復(fù)習(xí)過程中注意使用以下四個步驟和四種做題方法: 1.四個步驟 第一步:瀏覽全文,把握大意。 第二步:找出短文中的句號,把短文拆分成若干句子,以句子為單位進(jìn) 行斷句改錯。 第三步:認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),從“多、缺、錯”三個方面入手,進(jìn)行改錯。 第四步:重新通讀自己改正過的文章,進(jìn)行檢查。 2.三種做題方法 (1)每行或每句有無“一致性”錯誤:主謂是否一致;指代是否一致;修飾語與被修飾語是否一致;前后時態(tài)是否一致;單復(fù)數(shù)是否一致;并列連詞and,or,but等前后的形式是否一致。 (2)每行或每句有

17、無“搭配”錯誤:動賓搭配;動詞與介詞搭配;介詞與名詞搭配;固定短語等。 (3)每行或每句有無“詞法、語法”錯誤:冠詞the,an,a誤用;非謂語動詞的誤用;引導(dǎo)詞誤用;形容詞與副詞誤用;時態(tài)、語態(tài)使用不當(dāng);并列連詞誤用(and,but,or,so等);名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式誤用等。 總之,只要在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中掌握命題規(guī)律,講究解題思路與技巧,并能從具體語境、行文邏輯、習(xí)慣用法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)等角度入手,對文章及句子進(jìn)行分析,就能順利改正錯誤。對點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練Passage 1(2015陜西) 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單

18、詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加:在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號(),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除:把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。 修改:在錯的詞下畫一橫線(_),并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意:1.每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞; 2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。 My soccer coach retired in last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world,so I decide to ask

19、 her for help.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.I thought the biscuits were really well.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up. At a party,my coach,with a biscuit in his mouth,asked surprisingly who made th

20、em and joked,“I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.” My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!答案及剖析:第一句中:去掉inlast week,next week,this week,that week前不加介詞。第二句中:anythingsomething我想在他的退休晚會上為他做點(diǎn)兒特別的事情。此處是表示某件事而不是

21、任何事情。第三句中:betterbest由該句中的in the world以及前面的the可知此處要用形容詞的最高級。decidedecided整個語境是過去,因此要用一般過去時。第四句中:stepstepsstep是可數(shù)名詞,前面有some修飾,因此要用復(fù)數(shù)。第六句中:wellgood此處作表語,修飾the biscuits,要用good。well用作形容詞時,表示人身體好。第七句中:afterwhen/while用when/while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,表示“當(dāng)我打包時掉在了地上一些”,而不是在“我”打包后掉在了地上。第八句中:第一個athe此處特指前文提到的his retirement p

22、arty,故用定冠詞the。get前加to由語境可知,此處要用動詞不定式作目的狀語。第九句中:enjoyenjoying分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,介詞of后是復(fù)合賓語,用動詞-ing形式。Passage 2 (2016新課標(biāo)全國2)下面短文中有10處語言錯誤。請在有錯誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。 增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除:把多余的詞用斜線劃掉。 修改:在錯的詞下畫一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意:1.每句不超過兩個錯誤; 2.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞; 3.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。The summer holiday is

23、 coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates sug