江蘇省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口存在的問題

1、江蘇省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口存在的問題（一） 初級(jí)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量低、檔次低、 附加值低。 江蘇省出口的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品目前仍以初級(jí)和簡(jiǎn)單加工的產(chǎn)品為主。 初級(jí)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口遇到的主要障礙是農(nóng)藥參數(shù)、 重金屬和抗生素等指標(biāo)不到進(jìn)口國(guó)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。由于我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、 監(jiān)測(cè)、監(jiān)督三大體系和市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度不甚健全，導(dǎo)致農(nóng)藥、化肥、 飼料添加劑等的管理上漏洞百出， 難以控制產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。東辛農(nóng)場(chǎng)的凍雞以往在日本市場(chǎng)已占了一席之地， 近年來由于農(nóng)藥殘留指標(biāo)總是達(dá)不到日本的準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)， 出口日本已成泡影。如意集團(tuán)的速凍、保鮮蔬菜、越秀的速凍板栗等雖出口量大，但價(jià)值較低，且易受進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易壁壘的限制。（二）農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口和供貨量普遍規(guī)模小、實(shí)力弱，缺

2、乏國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。除了上面提到的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口大戶， 江蘇省大多數(shù)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)普遍規(guī)模小， 缺乏資金和專業(yè)人才， 缺乏對(duì)國(guó)際市場(chǎng)需求信息的快速反饋能力。還有相當(dāng)一部分企業(yè)舍不得在質(zhì)量和衛(wèi)生認(rèn)證上下功夫，因此， 出口產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量難以達(dá)到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。為了搶占市場(chǎng)， 一些企業(yè)往往采用低價(jià)策略，造成同行業(yè)間的惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，擾亂了整個(gè)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口秩序，影響了出口規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大。（三）本地產(chǎn)品比重小，對(duì)江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)的帶動(dòng)作用不明顯。據(jù)海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)，今年前 10 個(gè)月， 江蘇省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口共22430 萬美元， 其中本地商品出口 15769 萬美元， 占 70% 。但實(shí)際上本地貨源只占一半左右， 第一大農(nóng)產(chǎn)品膠合板多

3、半從邳州收購(gòu)出口， 益海糧油出口的豆粕是進(jìn)料加工的副產(chǎn)品， 越秀食品出口的板栗， 也是從韓國(guó)進(jìn)口后進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單加工再?gòu)?fù)出口。以膠合板為例，其原料楊樹是一種速生經(jīng)濟(jì)樹種，易種易活，成林快。而且，江蘇省的氣候和溫度條件最適宜楊樹的生長(zhǎng)。 農(nóng)民的家前屋后、 田邊路旁都可以種植楊樹。 膠合板的加工工藝也不復(fù)雜。 江蘇省農(nóng)村完全可以發(fā)展楊木加工業(yè)， 來帶動(dòng)農(nóng)民致富。 邳州的膠合板出口給徐州市的外貿(mào)出口帶來亮點(diǎn)和新增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)， 邳州也因膠合板加工出口而成為富邳縣， 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)借鑒其經(jīng)驗(yàn)。另外，江蘇省專業(yè)外貿(mào)公司的出口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，70% 以上都從周邊省、市采購(gòu)貨源，山東的洋蔥、大蒜、脫水菜、花生、河南的芝麻等都通過江蘇省

4、外貿(mào)源源不斷地出口。江蘇省也生產(chǎn)這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，但因品種不好、種植規(guī)模小加工質(zhì)量差而無法大批出口。海運(yùn)班輪航次少， 影響江蘇省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大。 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中保鮮蔬菜、 水果、鮮花和海產(chǎn)品的出口對(duì)運(yùn)輸條件和時(shí)間要求很高。 江蘇省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品主打日、 韓市場(chǎng)， 但目前連云港還沒有直達(dá)日本的航班， 各個(gè)航運(yùn)公司每周到日本的班輪最多只有3 班， 拋箱、 壓港情況時(shí)有發(fā)生。 而青島港所有的航運(yùn)公司每天都有到日本的航班， 為了趕船期， 保證出口食品的質(zhì)量， 江蘇省的許多許多出口企業(yè)只能把加工的成品拉到青島出口。 內(nèi)陸運(yùn)輸使企業(yè)增加了出口成本和環(huán)節(jié)。 久而久之， 一些企業(yè)干脆在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品資源同樣豐富的山東設(shè)廠開公司，

5、從 青島港出口。嚴(yán)格的出口檢驗(yàn)檢疫影響了部分企業(yè)的出口積極性。 為了適應(yīng) WTO 規(guī)則的要求，避免企業(yè)遭遇國(guó)外的綠色壁壘、技術(shù)壁壘，我國(guó)對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口訂立了嚴(yán)格的檢驗(yàn)檢疫制度。有企業(yè)反映，比起青島、 日照和煙臺(tái)，連云港出口檢驗(yàn)檢疫部門檢驗(yàn)費(fèi)用偏高，檢驗(yàn)時(shí)間偏長(zhǎng)， 影響了企業(yè)出口積極性。 有些企業(yè)為了加快出口頻率， 把貨交給山東的外貿(mào)公司代理出口。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，每年因檢驗(yàn)檢疫原因流失到外省的出口量大約在一千萬美元左右。（六）出口市場(chǎng)過于依賴日、韓，易受其市場(chǎng)波動(dòng)的影響。江蘇省的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 57% 出口到日本、韓國(guó)，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)中多數(shù)是日、韓投資企業(yè)。對(duì)日、韓市場(chǎng)的過于依賴，容易受這兩個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)外貿(mào)易政

6、策的制約。 日本為了限制進(jìn)口、 保護(hù)本國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)， 頒布了復(fù)雜多樣的環(huán)保法規(guī)、條例， 建立了嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)， 對(duì)農(nóng)藥殘留以及食品的包裝、加工等規(guī)定了 397 個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 日本對(duì)中國(guó)產(chǎn)雞肉制品實(shí)施歧視， 檢測(cè)克球粉時(shí)要求中國(guó)產(chǎn)品達(dá)到 0.01MG/ 千克， 而對(duì)美國(guó)等其他國(guó)家的產(chǎn)品只要求達(dá)到世界衛(wèi)生組織規(guī)定的 0.05MG/ 千克。 我們應(yīng)當(dāng) 貫徹市場(chǎng)多元化戰(zhàn)略，避免“一損俱損”情況的發(fā)生。Jiangsu agricultural product export problems(a) primary agricultural products quality, low level is low,

7、 the low added value. Jiangsu export products with primary and simple processing of products. Primary agricultural products export of the main obstacle is heavy metals and pesticide parameters, indexes, such as antibiotics less importer standards. Because our country agricultural standard, monitorin

8、g and supervision system and market access system, three, not very healthy pesticide, fertilizer, feed additives in the management of loopholes, difficult to control the quality of the products. The DongJi farm in Michael essien has accounted for the Japanese market, in recent years because of pesti

9、cide residues than Japan index always access standards, exported to Japan has came to naught. With the frozen, fresh vegetables group of quick-frozen chestnut etc, yuexiu although exports, but lower value, import and export trade barriers and vulnerable to the limit.agricultural exports and GongHuoL

10、iang generally small, weak strength, lack of international competitiveness. In addition to the above mentioned products export, and most of the agricultural product export enterprises in jiangsu province generally small, lack of funds and professional talents, lack of international market demand inf

11、ormation feedback ability. There are some enterprises in quality and health to authentication fluctuation kongfu, therefore, the quality of export products to reach the standard of developed countries. In order to seize the market, some companies often caused by low price strategy, the same vicious

12、competition between the agricultural product export, disturbing the order of export, the expansion of the scale of influence.local product of jiangsu province, a small proportion of the leading role of agricultural export-oriented economy. According to the statistics, the first 10 months of this yea

13、r, the agricultural product export of jiangsu province 22430 million us dollars, including local merchandise exports 15769 million us dollars, accounting for 70%. But in fact accounted for only about half the local supply the first big agricultural exports from Korea, most plywood, the acquisition o

14、f soybean oil export processing is the by-product, yuexiu food exports from South Korea, is the Chinese chestnut import after again simple processing export. For example, in the raw materials, plywood is a fast-growing poplar tree, easy to live a forest. The climate in jiangsu province, and the suit

15、able conditions of temperature and the growth of poplar trees. The farmers back, tanabe road before planting the poplar can. Plywood processing also not complicated. Development of jiangsu province countryside can come from processing, farmers rich. The headquarters of the plywood export to xuzhou e

16、xports highlights and bring new growth point, the headquarters for export processing and become rich, plywood Pi county, we should learn the experience. In addition, jiangsu professional foreign trade company, 70% of the agricultural exports from the surrounding provinces, city of shandong, purchasi

17、ng goods TuoShuiCai garlic, onion, sesame, peanut, henan, jiangsu, etc are flowing through foreign trade export. The agricultural production in jiangsu province, but also because of varieties, small scale of planting and processing of poor quality of export.ocean liner voyage, agricultural exports l

18、ess influence the expansion of jiangsu province.In the agricultural fresh vegetables, fruits, seafood export of flowers and transportation and demanding. Jiangsu agricultural leading to Japan, South Korea, but the present market of lianyungang havent direct flights to Japan shipping companies to Japans weekly liner only 3 class and threw box, YaGang situation. And all the shipping company Qingdao every day to Japans flight, in order to catch the shipment, ensure the quality of food