第9講-動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件

1、考點1動詞八大時態(tài)的辨析考點2動詞的被動語態(tài)試真題練易考點1一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法考點2一般過去時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法考點3一般將來時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法考點4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法詮考點學(xué)易思維導(dǎo)圖考點清單考點5過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法考點6現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法考點7過去完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法考點8過去將來時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法考點被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法考點1動詞八大時態(tài)的辨析1.(2018云南)Jack a shower when his mother rang him up.( D )A.takes B.has takenC.is takingD.was taking2.(2018昆

2、明)How was the volleyball game yesterday?Oh, it was fantastic! We so much fun.( B )A.have B.hadC.are having D.will have試真題練易3.(2018曲靖)What do you think of your junior high school life?It some sweet memories in my heart in the past three years.( C )A.leave B.leftC.has left D.will leave4.(2017云南)What d

3、o you think of your hometown, Kate?Ita lot. Its more beautiful than before.( A )A.has changed B.changesC.will change D.change5.(2017曲靖)Do you know when Nick is leaving?He for half an hour.( D )A.will leaveB.leftC.has left D.has been away6.(2017昆明)Did you do anything interesting last Sunday?Not reall

4、y. I justat home.( B )A.stayB.stayedC.will stayD.am staying7.(2016云南)Can John play soccer with us, Mrs. Black?One moment, please. He on the phone to his cousin.( D )A.talksB.talkedC.talkingD.is talking8.(2016昆明)Look! A dog a blind man across the road.( C )A.leadsB.leadC.is leadingD.led9.(2016曲靖)Is y

5、our bike new?No, its an old one. I it for three years.( C )A.has boughtB.have boughtC.have had D.has had考點2動詞的被動語態(tài)10.(2016曲靖)Do you like the famous basketball star Kobe?Yes, I really like him. He by many people around the world.( C )A.admire B.admiresC.is admiredD.is admiring11.(2018曲靖)Nowadays Chin

6、a for its new “four inventions”shared bicycles, electronic payments, high-speed railways and online shopping. ( D )A.was knowingB.was knownC.is knowing D.is known12.(2018云南模擬)The mobile phonein 1973.( A )A.was inventedB.is inventedC.invented D.invents 13.(2017河南)Why are you leaving your job?I cant s

7、tand it any longer. Ialwaysto workovertime.( B )A.am;asking B.am;askedC.was;askingD.was;asked14.(2018邵陽) Wugang Airport last year?( C )A.Did;buildB.Had;builtC.Was;built15.(2018鹽城)A lot of new roads in order to develop the villages in the next five years.( D )A.builtB.were builtC.buildD.will be built

8、思維導(dǎo)圖 詮考點學(xué)易一、八大時態(tài)考點清單考點1一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法1.一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的構(gòu)成(有人稱和數(shù)的變化)(1)以be動詞為例句式第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱肯定句I am.We are.You are.He/She/It is.They are.否定句I am not.We are not.You are not.He/She/It is not.They are not.一般疑問句Am I.?Are we.?Are you.?Is he/she/it.?Are they.?(2)以實義動詞work為例句式第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱肯定句I/We work.You work.He/She/

9、It works.They work.否定句I/We dont work.You dont work.He/She/It doesnt work.They dont work.一般疑問句Do I/we work?Do you work?Does he/she/it work?Do they work?注意在一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中,當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,實義動詞需要作相應(yīng)形式的變化,一般動詞加-s;以-s、-x、-ch、-sh等結(jié)尾且讀音為s、z、t等和以“輔音+o”結(jié)尾的動詞,一般加-es;以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞,變y為i加-es。2.一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的用法一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)常常用來表示當(dāng)前階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生

10、的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。(1)表示經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作(經(jīng)常與時間狀語usually、always、often、ev-ery day、sometimes等連用)。如:He often plays basketball with his classmates after school.他經(jīng)常放學(xué)后和同學(xué)一起打籃球。She goes to school on foot every day.她每天走路去上學(xué)。(2)表示當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)或情況。如:She lives in a small village.她住在一個小村莊。Do you like computer games?你喜歡電腦游戲嗎?(3)表示世界上的

11、客觀真理。如:The sun rises in the east.太陽從東邊升起。(4)在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中代替一般將來時。如:If we hurry up, we can catch the train.如果我們快一點,我們可以趕上火車。 (5)表示按時間表、計劃、規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。如:The train leaves at 8 oclock.火車八點發(fā)車。題組訓(xùn)練1.(2018武漢)My sisterthe piano very well, but she hasnt had time to play recently.( D )A.will playB.has playedC

12、.playedD.plays2.(2018河北)Gary is the best singer in my class. No one elseso well.( A )A.sings B.sangC.will singD.is singing3.(2018恩施) Do you think if Robert will go to the zoo tomorrow?I think he will go if he too much homework.( C )A.dont haveB.wont haveC.doesnt have4.(2018云南模擬)How do you usually go

13、 to school?I usually to school on foot.( A )A.go B.wentC.was goingD.will go5.(2017重慶A卷)As soon as the rain, they will go out to pick apples.( A )A.stops B.stoppedC.will stopD.is stopping考點2一般過去時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法1.一般過去時態(tài)的構(gòu)成主語加上動詞的過去式(以be動詞和實義動詞go為例)。肯定句:She was at home yesterday.否定句:She was not at home yester

14、day.一般疑問句:Was she at home yesterday?肯定句:She went to Kunming last summer vacation.否定句:She didnt go to Kunming last summer vacation.一般疑問句:Did she go to Kunming last summer vacation?2.一般過去時態(tài)的用法一般過去時態(tài)常常用來表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。(1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)(經(jīng)常與yesterday、just now、last week、in 2013、a year ago等時間狀語連用)。如

15、:Lily ate 3 eggs this morning. 莉莉今早吃了三個雞蛋。She took a shower yesterday evening.她昨晚洗了個澡。(2)表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作(經(jīng)常與always、usually、often、some-times、never等時間狀語連用)。如:I never drank coffee.我以前從不喝咖啡。(3)在條件狀語從句或者時間狀語從句中,用一般過去時表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。如:She told me she would call me as soon as she arrived in China.她告訴我一到中國她就會打電

16、話給我。題組訓(xùn)練6.(2017重慶B卷)John and I to visit his grandparents last Sunday after-noon.( B )A.go B.wentC.will goD.have gone7.(2017武漢)Linda is not coming for the party tonight.But she!( B )A.promises B.promisedC.will promise D.had promised8.(2018武漢)I still dont know whatwhile I was away from home.Youll know

17、 it all some day, I believe.( D )A.had happenedB.would happenC.has happenedD.happened9.(2018揚州)Hi, guys, please write three facts you last term in your pro-ject.( A )A.learned B.are learningC.have learnedD.learn10.(2018河北)The bread is really delicious.Thank you. Iit myself.( B )A.make B.madeC.will m

18、akeD.am making考點3一般將來時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法1.一般將來時態(tài)的構(gòu)成主語+shall/will/be going to+動詞原形(英式英語中第一人稱常用shall,美式英語中不論第幾人稱都用will)。2.一般將來時態(tài)的用法(1)一般將來時態(tài)表示將要發(fā)生的動作,常常與以下時間狀語連用:in the fu-ture, in 2020, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this Friday, next month等。如:Lucy will be back in two days. 露西將在兩天后回來。There is going to be a

19、football match in our school this Friday.這周五將有一場足球比賽在我們學(xué)校舉行。注意“will+動詞原形”與“be going to+動詞原形” 的區(qū)別:will+動詞原形a:表示將來可能會發(fā)生的動作如:I will travel around the world one day.總有一天我會環(huán)游世界。b:表示必定會發(fā)生的客觀事實如:He will be 18 next month.下個月他就十八歲了。c:表示某種意愿如:I will do anything that I can.我會做任何我能做的事。be going to+動詞原形a:根據(jù)某種跡象推斷

20、即將發(fā)生的事 如:Black clouds mean it is going to rain.烏云預(yù)示著要下雨了。b:表示某種打算如:I am going to study abroad.我打算出國留學(xué)。(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來,往往是指計劃好或者準(zhǔn)備要做的事,常與一些表示動作轉(zhuǎn)換的非延續(xù)性動詞連用。如:leave, go, come, begin, start, stay, arrive等。如:Teachers Day is coming.教師節(jié)就要到了。He is leaving university in one year.他一年后就畢業(yè)了。(3)在條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在

21、時表示將來。如:I will tell you the truth as soon as you come here.你一到這里我就會告訴你真相。If it is sunny tomorrow, we will have a picnic.如果明天天氣晴朗,我們就去野餐。(4)be about to do表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情。如:The TV show is about to start.電視節(jié)目就要開始了。題組訓(xùn)練11.(2018江西)We a party for Kate. Its supposed to be a surprise.( C )A.were havingB.hadC.wi

22、ll haveD.have had12.(2018黃石)If I a two-week holiday next year, I will take part in a short study tour to Beijing University.( B )A.took B.takeC.will takeD.are taking13.(2018臨沂)The TV news reports that there a storm the day after to-morrow.( C )A.isB.wasC.will beD.has been考點4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的構(gòu)成肯

23、定句:主語+be(am/is/are)+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞否定句:主語+be(am/is/are)+not+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞疑問句:Be(Am/Is/Are)+主語+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞.?2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時主要用于表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)或者現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài)。(1)表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài),這種用法往往表示動作已經(jīng)開始,說話時沒完成,仍在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。常與right now, now, at this moment等時間狀語連用。如:It is raining outside now.現(xiàn)在外面正下著雨。I am listening to the radio now.我現(xiàn)在正在聽廣播。(2

24、)表示在目前階段或當(dāng)下一段時間內(nèi)在做的事或現(xiàn)在持續(xù)的狀態(tài),但說話時未必正在做。如:I am teaching in a university.我在一所大學(xué)教書。(3)表示某種特定的情感,常與always, forever, constantly, continually等詞連用,表示說話者贊揚、厭惡、生氣、不滿等情感。如:She is always helping others.(表示贊揚)她總是幫助別人。The boy is constantly lying.(表示厭惡)這個男孩總是撒謊。注意以下動詞通常不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)a:表示感官的詞 look, feel, see, hear, sound

25、, smell, tasteb:表示喜好的詞:like, love, hate, dislikec:表示歸屬的詞:have, belong to, own, possessd:表示心理活動的詞:want, hope, wish, know, agree題組訓(xùn)練14.(2017河南)Paul, Im busy cooking. Can you give me a hand?Just a minute. Imy e-mail.( A )A.am checkingB.will checkC.have checkedD.was checking15.(2018邵陽)Where is Jim?Look!

26、 He under the tree.( A )A.is standingB.stoodC.stands16.(2018重慶B卷)Listen! Mr. Blacka talk on robots in the hall.( B )A.gives B.is givingC.will gaveD.gave17.(2017河北)Dont take the dictionary away. Iit.( C )A.use B.usedC.am usingD.have used18.(2019原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)Peter, would you mind turning down the TV? Your fat

27、her .( C )A.sleeps B.sleptC.is sleepingD.was sleeping考點5過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法1.過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)的構(gòu)成主語+be(was/were)+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。2.過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)的用法(1)表示過去某一個時刻或者某一個時間段內(nèi)正在做的事情。常與this time yesterday, at that time等時間狀語連用,也可以與while, when, as引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間狀語從句連用。如:What were you doing at 8 oclock yesterday?你昨晚八點在干什么?I was doing my homework

28、at that moment.那時我在做作業(yè)。(2)表示過去的一個動作發(fā)生之時,另一個動作正在進(jìn)行。如:They were reading in the library when the rainstorm came.暴風(fēng)雨來臨的時候他們正在圖書館里看書。(3)表示過去的兩個動作同時進(jìn)行,此時可用while來連接。如:Jean was dancing while we were singing.我們在唱歌的時候瓊在跳舞。題組訓(xùn)練19.(2018江西)Sorry Im late. Iwith a friend and I completely forgot the time.( C )A.tal

29、kB.am talkingC.was talkingD.will talk 20.(2018成都)Yesterday, I the subway home when I suddenly found I was on the wrong line.( B )A.tookB.was takingC.had taken21.(2017蘭州)When you me last night, I the piano.( D )A.were calling;was playingB.were calling;playedC.called;playedD.called;was playing考點6現(xiàn)在完成時

30、態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)成主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞。2.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的用法(1)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的已完成用法:表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。如:I have lost my wallet.我的錢包丟了。(含義是現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了) Jane has just had lunch.簡剛剛吃過午飯。(含義是簡現(xiàn)在不餓了) Mike has been ill.邁克生病了。(含義是現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱) (2)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的未完成用法:過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。如:I have ta

31、ught English at this school for five years.我在這所學(xué)校教了五年英語了。We have lived here since 2008.我們從2008年開始就一直住在這里。3.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中幾組常用詞的用法(1)ever和neverever意為“在任何時候;從來”,常用于疑問句或否定句中;never意為“從不”。如:Have you ever been to Dali?你去過大理嗎?No,I have never been to Dali.沒有,我從來沒有去過大理。(2)already和yetalready用于肯定句中,yet用于否定句和疑問句中。如:He

32、 has already finished his homework.他已經(jīng)做完了他的作業(yè)。He hasnt finished his homework yet.他還沒有完成他的作業(yè)。(3)since和forsince+過去的某個時間點since+一段時間+agosince+從句(從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時態(tài))for+一段時間如:The factory has been here since the 1970s.這家工廠從20世紀(jì)70年代起就在這里了。They have been married for 20 years.他們結(jié)婚20年了。They have lived in that ho

33、use since 1 year ago.一年前,他們就住在那個房子里了。Lucy has stayed at home since she left school.露西從學(xué)校畢業(yè)后就一直待在家里。(4)have/has been to和have/has gone tohave/has been to表示去了某地已經(jīng)回來have/has gone to表示去了某地還沒有回來如:My father has been to Lijiang.我爸爸去過麗江。(現(xiàn)在不在麗江) My father has gone to Lijiang.我爸爸去了麗江。(現(xiàn)在在麗江或在去麗江的路上)補(bǔ)充:have be

34、en in意為“在某地待了多長時間”,常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。注意現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)與一段時間連用時,謂語動詞應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性動詞,但在否定句中非延續(xù)性動詞可以和一段時間連用。They have got married for a week.(錯誤)They have been married for a week.(正確)He has fallen asleep for two hours.(錯誤)He has been asleep for two hours.(正確)非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞diebe deadleavebe awaybegin/startbe onfinish/endbe ov

35、erbecomebeborrowkeepbuyhavejoinbe infall asleepbe asleepput onwear常用的非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞之間的互換:題組訓(xùn)練22.(2018鹽城)I my card. I want to report it.You can call the bank to report the loss. It would be faster.( D )A.lose B.was losingC.will lose D.have lost23.(2018青島)Its time to work now.OK. Ill wake Carl up. Hefor

36、 an hour.( B )A.has fallen asleep B.has been asleepC.fell asleep D.falls asleep24.(2018福建A卷) China great achievements in science and technology since 1978.( C )A.makesB.madeC.has made25.(2017重慶A卷)In the past few years, many schoolsthe ways of doing morning exercises.( D )A.change B.changesC.will cha

37、ngeD.have changed26.(2017武漢)How are you today?Oh,Ias ill as I do now for a long time.( D )A.didnt feelB.wasnt feelingC.dont feel D.havent felt考點7過去完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法1.過去完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)成主語+had+動詞的過去分詞。如:Tom had left before we arrived.在我們到達(dá)之前,湯姆已經(jīng)離開了。2.過去完成時態(tài)的用法(1)過去完成時態(tài)的已完成用法:指一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一個特定時間或某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成,表示“過去的過

38、去”,常與過去完成時態(tài)連用的時間狀語有:by that time、before I arrived、by the end of last year等。如:She had arrived at the village before eight last night.昨晚八點前她就已經(jīng)到達(dá)這個村莊。When I got outside,the bus had already left.當(dāng)我出去的時候,公交車已經(jīng)開走了。(2)過去完成時態(tài)的未完成用法:一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)開始,一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間,而且到那時還沒有結(jié)束,有可能繼續(xù)下去。常和for, since構(gòu)成的時間狀語連

39、用。如:He had worked in the factory for five years before he moved here.搬到這里以前,他已經(jīng)在那家工廠工作了五年。題組訓(xùn)練27.(2018模擬練習(xí))The meeting by the time I got there yesterday.( C )A.was on B.has been onC.had begun D.has begun28.(2018模擬練習(xí))By the end of last month, I all the CDs of Justin Bieber.( D )A.collect B.collectedC

40、.have collectedD.had collected考點8過去將來時態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法1.過去將來時態(tài)的構(gòu)成(1)助動詞would/should+動詞原形(should用于第一人稱)(2)was/were going to+動詞原形2.過去將來時態(tài)的用法(1)從過去的某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于主句為一般過去時態(tài)的賓語從句中表示從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后。如:She told me she would come.她告訴我她會來的。(2)“was/were going to+動詞原形”表示過去打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事,也可以表示過去根據(jù)某種跡象推斷要發(fā)生的事情。如:She w

41、as going to attend that party.她會去參加那個派對。I thought it was going to rain soon.我想馬上就要下雨了。Ann said that she was going to travel to Beijing the next day.安說她第二天要去北京旅游。(3)用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去即將發(fā)生的事情(常用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將來的動詞有:leave, go, come, begin, start等)。如:He said he was leaving for China.他說他要去中國了。題組訓(xùn)練29.(2019原創(chuàng))I didnt k

42、now if he.( C )Aes B.will comeC.would comeD.came30.It seemed as if it .( D )A.will rain B.rainsC.was rainingD.was going to rain31.He said he to see me some time next week.( A )A.would come B.will comeC.cameDes考點被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及用法1.八大時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“be+動詞的過去分詞”二、被動語態(tài)時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞一般過去時was/we

43、re+動詞的過去分詞一般將來時will/shall/be going to+be+動詞的過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+being+動詞的過去分詞過去進(jìn)行時was/were+being+動詞的過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+been+動詞的過去分詞過去完成時had+been+動詞的過去分詞過去將來時would+be+動詞的過去分詞2.含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)肯定句:主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞如:The bike can be repaired this afternoon.自行車今天下午就能被修好。否定句:主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+be+動詞的過去分詞如:Cars mustnt

44、be parked here.汽車不能停在這里。一般疑問句:情態(tài)動詞+主語+be+動詞的過去分詞?如:Should the flowers be watered every day?花每天都要澆水嗎?3.被動語態(tài)的用法(1)不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時,用被動語態(tài)。如:This bridge was built in 1981.這座橋是1981年被建造的。(2)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者。如:Chinese is spoken all over the world.世界各地都說漢語。(3)出于禮貌而不說出動作的執(zhí)行者。如:My cup was broken this

45、afternoon.我的杯子今天下午被摔碎了。(4)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人的時候。如:The window was blown open by wind.窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。4.主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換(1)將主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z。若主動句中的賓語是人稱代詞,要將賓格變成主格。(2)謂語動詞變成相應(yīng)的被動形式,即be+過去分詞。注意助動詞be既要保持主動句的時態(tài),又要與被動句的主語在人稱和數(shù)方面保持一致。(3)把主動句中的主語變成被動句中的賓語。若主動句中的主語是人稱代詞,則將主格變成賓格,并由by引導(dǎo)。此時,by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語放在謂語動詞之后,有時可以省略。如:Many people spe

46、ak English.(主動句)English is spoken by many people. (被動句)5.被動語態(tài)需要注意的幾個問題(1)不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。?？嫉挠?happen, take place, appear, disappear等。(2)在使役動詞have, make, let以及感官動詞see, watch, hear, feel等后面用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時,在主動語態(tài)中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,要加to。如:I saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen to walk into

47、the building.(3)許多由不及物動詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞,相當(dāng)于及物動詞,可以有賓語,也可以有被動語態(tài)。但是短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體,在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。如:We should speak to old men politely.Old men should be spoken to politely.(4)主動語態(tài)中,若謂語動詞帶雙賓語,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,直接賓語和間接賓語都可作主語。直接賓語作主語時,要在間接賓語前加上介詞to或for。但間接賓語作主語時則無需加介詞。如:She gave me a book.I was given a b

48、ook.A book was given to me.(5)主動形式表示被動意義。英語中有很多動詞,如:clean, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語的特征時,常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物。如:This kind of shirt sells well here.這種襯衫在這里賣得很好。注意主動語態(tài)表被動強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征,而被動語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較:The door wont lock. (指門本身有毛病)The door wont be locked. (指不會有人來鎖門,表示“門沒有鎖”是人為原因)表示“發(fā)生,進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語,如:happen, take place, break out等以主動形式表示被動意義。如:The war broke out in 1937.戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)于1937年。系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞,如:feel, sound, taste等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。如:Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由聽上去是合