2021年新高考北京英語高考試題(網絡收集版)(解析版).doc

1、2021年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試北京卷英語本試卷共11頁，共100分考試時長90分鐘考生務必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑Recently，I took a trip home by trainI got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept_1_a young woman in a wi

2、ndow seat with a little boy on her lapThe womans eye fell on the mans face，and she immediately looked down and_2_her scarfAs the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any_3_The woman looked over at the ma

3、nHe was still staring at herShe looked back at him with fire in her eyesI was beginning to get_4_，tooThe train moved onThe little boy was _5_ awake on his mothers lap，but the woman dropped off to sleepA moment later，he began to_6_the half-open windowone leg went over itThe man jumped up and _7_the c

4、hild just before he fell out為您推薦The_8_ woke up the womanShe seemed to be in_9_，and then reality dawned （顯現）“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her. “So I have been watching the whole time”The woman was _10_，and so was

5、I1. A. guiding B. bothering C. watching D. monitoring2. A. adjusted B. changed C. packed D. waved3. A. air B. joy C. space D. rest4. A. nervous B. embarrassed C. angry D. disappointed5. A. almost B. still C. hardly D. even6. A. drag B. climb C. knock D. push7. A. grabbed B. rocked C. touched D. pick

6、ed8. A. alarm B. quarrel C. risk D. noise9. A. sorrow B. relief C. panic D. pain10. A. astonished B. confused C. concerned D. inspired【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了火車上一位男子救下了爬上窗戶的頑皮孩子的善舉，最初孩子的母親因為男子總是盯著他們，對男子的第一印象不好，而最后得知原因十分驚訝。故事告訴我們很多事情不能只看表面。【1題詳解】考查動詞詞義

7、辨析。句意：我坐在一位中年男子對面的座位上，他目光敏銳，一直在注視著一位坐在靠窗座位上的年輕女子，她的腿上坐著一個小男孩。A. guiding 帶領；B. bothering 打擾；C. watching 看著； D. monitoring監(jiān)控。根據上文“with sharp eyes”（有著敏銳的目光）以及下文第二段“He was still staring at her”（他仍然盯著她看。）可知，中年男子一直在看著女子，故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：女人的目光落在了男人的臉上，她立刻低下頭，整理了一下圍巾。A. adjusted 調整；B. changed改變； C. pac

8、ked 包裝 ；D. waved 揮動，根據空格處and 前的動詞低下頭和空格后的圍巾，可知女人因為感到尷尬而低頭故意整理圍巾，故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：夜?jié)u漸深了，人們開始閉上眼睛，但座位太不舒服了，只有睡得很沉的人才能設法休息。A. air 空氣；B. joy 娛樂；C. space 空間；D. rest 休息。根據空格前點明時間是夜晚了和后面睡得很沉的人，可知是為了獲得一些休息。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我也開始生氣了。 A. nervous 緊張的；B. embarrassed 尷尬的；C. angry生氣的；D. disappointed 失望的

9、。根據with fire in her eyes以及空格后too，可知“我”和女人的情緒是一樣憤怒生氣的，故選C?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：小男孩躺在媽媽的腿上還醒著，但是媽媽已經睡著了。A. almost 幾乎；B. still 仍然；C. hardly幾乎不；D. even甚至。根據but the woman dropped off to sleep，可知母親已經睡著，男孩是醒著的，推斷出來是仍然醒著的。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：過了一會兒，他開始爬上半開著的窗戶一條腿跨過了窗戶。A. drag拖拉；B. climb 爬上；C. knock敲打；D. push推

10、動。根據空格后one leg went over it，可知小孩是在爬窗戶，腳才邁了出去，故選B。【7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：就在孩子掉下去之前，那人跳起來抓住了他。A. grabbed 抓著；B. rocked 搖晃；C. touched 接觸；D. picked挑選。根據before he fell out可知，男人跳起來是為了阻止孩子掉下去，所以要抓住他，故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：噪音把那個女人吵醒了。A. alarm 鬧鐘；B. quarrel吵架；C. risk 風險；D. noise噪音。根據上文The man jumped up and grabbed

11、the child just before he fell out可知，男人和孩子一定是弄出了很大動靜和聲音，故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她似乎在恐慌，然后明白過來。A. sorrow悲傷；B. relief減輕；C. panic恐慌； D. pain痛苦。根據上文可知，女人一醒來看到男人抓著自己的孩子，女人對男人的印象不好，因此作為母親一定是很恐慌的，故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：女人很驚訝，我也很驚訝。A. astonished驚訝；B. confused 困惑的；C. concerned 關心的；D. inspired受到鼓舞的。根據空格前的對話“You

12、r child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her.“So I have been watching the whole time.”(“你的孩子一直在找機會爬出窗戶，”男人說著把孩子還給了她。“所以我一直在看?！?,可知女人對男人的印象不好，但是男人卻救了他們的孩子，所以最后女人是感到意外和驚訝的，故選A。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1

13、個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Why do we dream？Scientists arent completely sure,and they have diverse_11_ (idea)Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything _12_ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it _13_ (c

14、onnect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream【答案】11. ideas 12. that 13. connects【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章解釋了我們?yōu)槭裁磿鰤舻脑??！?1題詳解】考查可數名詞的數。句意：科學家們還不能完全確定，他們有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多種多樣的”，形容詞作定語，后接可數名詞復數；idea想法，可數名詞。故填ideas?！?2題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：當你睡覺時，你的大腦會整理白天發(fā)生的一切，試圖將新經歷與舊記憶聯系起來。分析句子結構可知，空處需用連接詞

15、引導定語從句，先行詞是不定代詞everything，關系詞在定語從句中作主語，所以此處需用關系代詞that引導定語從句。故填that?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：當它連接事物時，你的大腦將它們變成一個故事，然后你就得到了一個夢。由主句謂語動詞tums可知，空處從句的謂語動詞需用一般現在時態(tài)，主語是第三人稱單數it，所以空處謂語動詞需用單數。故填connects。B閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams

16、 himself just going about his dayWhile riding his bike home _14_ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herselfThe poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about _15_ she livedSam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could _16_（safe）

17、 wait for the police to take her home【答案】14. on 15. where 16. safely【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。講述了生活博主Sam救助一個老婦人的故事?！?4題詳解】考查介詞。句意：在一個寒冷的夜晚，當他騎著自行車回家時，他遇到了一個看起來悲傷的老婦人獨自在街上游蕩。表示“在具體的某一天”或“（在具體的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，須用介詞on。故填on?！?5題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：這個可憐的老婦人不能說清楚她住在哪里。介詞about后是賓語從句，根據句意，此處用where“在哪里；的地方”符合句意，從句中作地點狀語，故填wher

18、e?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：山姆帶她去了附近的一家便利店，這樣她就可以安全地等警察帶她回家了。修飾動詞wait用副詞作狀語，故填safely。C閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。There _17_(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,_18_(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new r

19、eport from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,_19_(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic lossMuch of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need _20_ (invest) in disaster prevention.【答案】17. has been 18

20、. caused 19. resulting 20. to invest【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章指出過去20年里，極端天氣事件的數量急劇增加，這在很大程度上是由全球氣溫上升造成的，引發(fā)重大自然災害，造成了極大的經濟損失，因此人們急需投資于災害預防?！?7題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：根據聯合國的一份新報告，過去20年里，極端天氣事件的數量急劇增加，這在很大程度上是由全球氣溫上升造成的。根據時間狀語over the past 20 years可知，此處使用現在完成時，a dramatic rise是單數感念，助動詞應用第三人稱單數形式。故填has been?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語

21、動詞。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events與cause是邏輯動賓關系，應用過去分詞，表被動。故填caused?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共發(fā)生重大自然災害7348起，造成經濟損失2.97萬億美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world與result是邏輯主謂關系，且表示一種自然的結果，應用現在分詞，作結果狀語。故填resulting?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：研究結果表明，急需投資于災害預防。根據語境可知，此處

22、表示未來的動作，應用不定式，作后置定語。故填to invest。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑AIf you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then an internship（實習） at UNESCO will be ideal for youWho can apply？You have completed your full-time

23、university studies；orYou are studying in a graduate program for a masters degreeApplicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institutionWhat are the requirements？You must be at least 20 years oldYou should have a good command （掌握） of either Engl

24、ish or FrenchYou must have an excellent knowledge of office-related softwareYou should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environmentYou should possess strong interpersonal and communication skillsWhat do you need to prepare？Visa：You should obtain the necessary visa

25、sTravel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internshipMedical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the target country for the entire period of the internshipUNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage u

26、p to USD30,000 for the internship periodMedical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to workMotivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application formYour application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in

27、 our database for six monthsWe do not respond to every candidateIf selected，you will be contacted by a managerIf you do not receive any update within six months，it means that your application has not been successful21. According to this passage，applicants are required to_A. hold a masters degree in

28、scienceB. have international work experienceC. be fluent in either English or FrenchD. present a letter from a technical institution22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period？A. Limited medical insurance coverageB. Training in communication skillsC. A medical certificate for workD. Finan

29、cial support for travel23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form？A. Contact UNESCO managers B. Get access to the databaseC. Keep a motivation letter at hand D. Work in a team for six months【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，主要講的是聯合國教科文組織的實習項目?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據What are th

30、e requirements？部分的You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or French（你應該精通英語或法語）可知，申請者必須精通英語或法語，故選C?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據What do you need to prepare？部分的UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period（聯合國教科文組織將為實習期間提供不超過3萬美元的有限保險）可知，教科文組織為實習期間提供有限的醫(yī)療保險，

31、故選A。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段的You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form（在填寫申請表之前，你應該準備好你的動機信）可知，在填寫申請表之前，申請人應將動機信放在手邊，故選C。BI remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（學期） project of volunteering at a non-profit orga

32、nizationWhen the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mindThen，an OIC representative gave us

33、some details，which somewhat interested meAfter doing some research， I believed that we could really do something for those kidsWhen I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi childrenTheir faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（絕望） and need that I joined this

34、project without hesitationWe decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kitsone kit，one childThe most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came togetherWhen I saw the various supplies we had collected

35、，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi childOver the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completedWhile making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind itI had only focused o

36、n the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade onWhen the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forgetIn the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another personNow that our project is

37、 over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but tenWith our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education24. How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？A. It would affect his/her initial plansB. It would involve traveling overseas

38、C It would not bring him/her a good gradeD. It would not live up to his/her expectations25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？A. Images of Iraqi children B. Research by his/her classmatesC. A teachers introduction D. A representatives comments26. The authors OI

39、C project group would help ten Iraqi children to_.A. become OIC volunteers B. further their educationC. study in foreign countries D. influence other children27. What can we conclude from this passage？A. Ones potential cannot always be underratedB. First impression cannot always be trustedC. Actions

40、 speak louder than wordsD. He who hesitates is lost【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。講述了作者一開始認為加入伊拉克兒童行動項目不會達到他的期望，但是最后通過努力對自己和他人帶來影響，說明第一印象不總是可信的。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children

41、 （OIC）My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind”（當老師向我們介紹了需要我們幫助的不同組織時，我最后的選擇是伊拉克兒童行動(OIC)。我對這個組織的第一印象是，它不會對我心中的計劃產生足夠的影響。）可知，一開始作者認為加入伊拉克兒童行動項目不會達到他的期望。故選D?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“When I went online to the OIC website，I

42、saw pictures of the Iraqi childrenTheir faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（絕望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation”（當我上網訪問OIC 網站時，我看到了伊拉克兒童的照片。他們的臉上傳遞的信息是絕望和需要幫助，我毫不猶豫地加入了這個項目。）可知，伊拉克兒童圖片幫助作者改變了他對這個項目的態(tài)度。故選A?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“Now that our project is ove

43、r，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but tenWith our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education”（現在我們的項目結束了，我意識到我不僅影響了一個人的生活，而且影響了十個人的生活。在我們的努力下，10名男孩和女孩現在將能夠繼續(xù)接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克兒童行動組織幫助十個伊拉克兒童繼續(xù)接受教育。故選B。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“My first impression of the organ

44、ization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind”（我對這個組織的第一印象是，它不會對我心中的計劃產生足夠的影響。）和最后一段“In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another personNow that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten

45、With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education”（一開始，我鼓勵自己去改變另一個人的生活?，F在我們的項目結束了，我意識到我不僅影響了一個人的生活，而且影響了十個人的生活。在我們的努力下，十名男孩和女孩現在將能夠繼續(xù)接受教育。）可知，一開始作者認為加入伊拉克兒童行動不會達到他的期望，但是最后通過努力對自己和他人帶來影響，說明第一印象不總是可信的。故選B?！军c睛】CHundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a

46、warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”. A survey of scientists found that extreme we

47、ather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway. The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in t

48、he worlds most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility. The international scholars warning letter doesnt say exactly what collapse will look like or w

49、hen it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories(簽署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the “ecological footprint” concept, which measures the total amount of

50、 environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,” Johnson said in an email.“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysi

51、cal limits,” the December warning letter says, “can we have the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)In the incurable form of h

52、ope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(執(zhí)著) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. “Lets look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”28. What does the underlined

53、 word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Scientific. B. Credible.C. Original. D. Relevant.29. As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is_.A. worried B. puzzledC. surprised D. scared30. What can we learn from this passage?A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.

54、B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.D. The global collapse is well underway.【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文，文章闡述了全球崩塌（global collapse）的概念。數百名科學家、作家和學者在去年12月發(fā)表的一封公開信中向全人類發(fā)出了警告：政策制定者和我們每個人必須直面“全球崩塌”的風險。文章具體闡釋了學者們對這一概念的定義、理解和它的現實意義。【28題詳解

55、】詞義猜測題。根據該詞所在的具體語境，第三段第一句“The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advanced nations.”（呼吁公眾對世界不確定性的關注，尤其與此時此刻的情況密切相關：此時此刻，在世界上技術最先進的國家，仍處于無法控制流行病和經濟危機的泥潭中），下文也提到，一場病毒肆

56、虐，一個國家社會停止了運轉，大流行無法控制，經濟下行，這樣的事情在不久之前都是無法想象，不可思議（unthinkable）的，即世界充滿了不確定性。而此時此刻呼吁人們對這種unthinkable加以關注，正是和此時此刻的世界實況密切相關。A. Scientific科學的；B. Credible可信的，可靠的；C. Original原來的，原創(chuàng)的；D. Relevant相關的，有重大關系的。根據上面的分析，僅有D符合語境，故選D?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。本題要求判斷作者的情感態(tài)度，根據原文第五段“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are like

57、ly to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未來崩潰的先行信號很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來會變好）和倒數最后一段的呼吁，例如“Lets look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”（他們說，“讓我們直面全球崩塌的議題，真正去解決我們看

58、到的可能的糟糕情況，以便使未來沒那么糟?！保┛芍髡哒J為公眾對“全球崩塌”的重視意識不夠，比較擔心，A. worried擔憂的；B. puzzled困惑的，茫然的；C. surprised驚訝的；D. scared害怕的，綜合以上的分析，可見作者對此是“擔憂的”，故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。原文詩歌“Man is a victim of dope; In the incurable form of hope.”（人類是麻醉品的受害者；沉迷于無可救藥的幻想中）表達的是，人類無視未來全球崩塌的巨大危險，把頭埋進沙子里，假裝不知道，充滿不切實際的幻想和希望。而詩歌前面的段落就提到“yet m

59、essengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未來崩潰的先行信號很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來會變好），結合上下文，這里指的是人們都幻想著未來就會變好。詩歌之后的最后一段則提到執(zhí)著于“quieting hope that ignores preparedness.”（掐滅不做準備的空有幻想），接著又借學者之口，提到“Lets look directly into the issue of collapse,” th

60、ey say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”（他們說，“讓我們直面全球崩塌的議題，真正去解決我們看到的可能的糟糕情況，以便使未來沒那么糟?！保┛梢?，上下文一脈相承，表達相同的一方觀點，未對另一方的觀點有任何呈現，理解文章后可知，作者有明顯的態(tài)度傾向，作者對于這首詩表達的信息是贊同的，故選B。DEarly fifth-century philosopher StAugustine famously wrote that