專四詞匯語(yǔ)法解讀

1、語(yǔ)法詞匯1. Its not fair that you come home after a bad day at work and _your wife and children.A. take it out on B. take out it on C. take out on D. take on it with2. She put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that_.A. he catches cold B. he should catch cold C. he caught cold D. he be catching cold

2、3. Our teacher recommended that we_as attentive as possible when we visit the museum.A. are B. shall be C. be D.were4. You _business interfering with my affairs.A. have none B. have no C. have none of the D. have nothing likeABCBtake it out on sb. 意為“拿某人出氣”，其中it是無(wú)人稱代詞，無(wú)所指，這是一個(gè)固定的結(jié)構(gòu)。have no business

3、doing /to do something 意為“沒(méi)有權(quán)力，沒(méi)有理由做某事”5. The new cut in interest rate_promote domestic investment.A. means to B. directs toward C. is meant to D. leads to6. Advertising media like direct mail, radio, television and newspapers _to increase the sales of industrial products.A.have been used B. will be

4、 used C. is being used D. has been used7. While being questioned on the court, the man denied _ the old ladys necklace.A. having taken B. taking C. to have taken D. to take8. Dr. Park was accused _the patient with overdose of sleeping pills so that the patients life was terminated before the expecte

5、d time.A.of providing B. with providing C. to have provided D. to provideCAAAbe meant to do 意為“旨在做 ”；mean to do 意為“打算做，企圖做”；lead to 意為“導(dǎo)致”，后接名詞。9. By the end of next month we _this assignment.A. will finish B. will be finishing C. will have finished D. have finished10. We will be losing money this y

6、ear unless that new economic plan of yours _miracle.A.is working B. works C. will be working D. worked11. It was dark in the cave so she _a match.A. struck B. hit C. fired D. burned12. Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is _with a cold.A. laid out B. laid up C. laid by D. lai

7、d downCBABby the end of next month (year)是將來(lái)完成時(shí)的典型狀語(yǔ)，故選C)。lay up 意為“因痛（或傷殘）臥床”，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)； lay out 意為“擺出，展開(kāi)”；lay by 意為“儲(chǔ)存”；lay down意為“犧牲，獻(xiàn)出”。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2（二）動(dòng)名詞1.必須接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞牢記下列要求接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, confess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fanc

8、y, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, justify, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.2.動(dòng)名詞做介詞短語(yǔ)尤其要識(shí)別下列短語(yǔ)中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)：object to, resort to, react to, contribute to,

9、 look forward to, be accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, preferto, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, w

10、ith a view to, on the way to。 真題舉例：1.The meeting was put off because we objected to having a meeting without John.(05,62)2. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid being beaten.(96年）（三）分詞分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中做定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。在概念上應(yīng)清楚： 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行。 過(guò)去分詞表示被

11、動(dòng)，表示動(dòng)作結(jié)束了的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。1.分詞做定語(yǔ)，弄清現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于省略了的定語(yǔ)從句，考生應(yīng)掌握：(1)現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間具有主動(dòng)意義。如：Its easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.(相當(dāng)于the changes which take place.) There was a very interesting remark in

12、a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相當(dāng)于which gave.) How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion? (相當(dāng)于How many of us who will attend.) (2)過(guò)去分詞與被修飾詞之間具有被動(dòng)意義。如：Good

13、 news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered. (相當(dāng)于recapture of the port which had been announced) Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone added to the system, so does the

14、 value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out. (相當(dāng)于each new phone which is added to) The author gave a detailed description based on his personal observation of nature. (相當(dāng)于description which was based on)(3)下列不及物動(dòng)詞也以過(guò)去分詞形式做定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，但不具有被動(dòng)意義：deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fa

15、llen, gone, grown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-travelled, newly arrived, recently come。如：an escaped prisoner一個(gè)逃犯a retired worker一位退休工人a faded curtain一個(gè)褪了色的窗簾a newly arrived student一個(gè)新來(lái)的學(xué)生2.分詞做狀語(yǔ)，注意區(qū)分分詞的一般式與完成式(1)表示時(shí)間，多置于句首，注意如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要用完成式。如：Having completed one task,

16、we started on another one. (complete先于start之前發(fā)生)(2)表示原因，置于句首句尾均可，根據(jù)情況有時(shí)要用完成式，有時(shí)用一般式。如：He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members.There seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the tropical forest, would fin

17、d his way through it.(3)表示伴隨、方式，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day saying that she would return it soon.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely lostto the outside world.(4)表示結(jié)果，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：The city found itself in a crisis situation last summer when the air

18、conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down, them unusable.(5)表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明(同位)，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point in contrast with the other.Ford tried dividing the labor, each worker assigned a separate task.3.分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)分詞的

19、邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為句子的主語(yǔ)，否則分詞短語(yǔ)要有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，稱為分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)只是句子的一個(gè)部分。如：All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.Darkness setting in, the young couple lingered on merrymaking.真題舉例：1.Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat being by far the biggest

20、cereal crop.(03)2. Time permitting, the celebration will be held as scheduled.（03）3.There being nothing for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.(00)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的其他考點(diǎn)：1.不定式的習(xí)慣用法句型：cannot help but do cannot but docannot choose but do can do nothing but dohave no choice/alternative but

21、 to do上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。如： Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction. When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.2. 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，-ed形式或者不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若需要否定時(shí)

22、not放在動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，-ed形式或者不定式符號(hào)to 前面。Not obtained a ticket for match, he can now only watch it on TV at home.(94,98年）Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life.(01年)3.動(dòng)名詞的習(xí)慣用法句型：be busy/active doing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. Its no good/use/picnic doing sth. have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. spend/waste time doing sth. There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth. cannot help doing sth. There is no doing sth.I know it isnt important but I cant help thinking about it.Alice was having trouble controlling the children because there were so many of them.The