三大從句的共同點與不同點

1、從句的共同點與不同點第一部分：概念從句（SubordinateClause）是復(fù)合句里的一個句子成分。它不能獨立成句，但它也有主語部分和謂語部分，就是句子一樣。所不同的是，它必須由一個關(guān)聯(lián)詞（Connective）來引導(dǎo)。從句有主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句6類。由于主語從句、表語從句及賓語從句在句子的功用相當(dāng)于名詞，故而這3種從句又通稱名詞性從句。1、名詞性從句（1）、主語從句（SubjectClause）:用作主語的從句叫主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞、疑問代詞、疑問副詞、縮合連接代詞、縮合連接副詞等。（2）、表語從句（PredictiveClaus

2、e）:用作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大都一樣。（3）、賓語從句（ObjectClause）:用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大都一樣。2、定語從句（AttributiveClause）:用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般皆放在被它所修飾的名（代）詞之后，這種名（代）詞就叫作先行詞（Antecedent）。弓I導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語等；關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中用作狀語。另外，同位語從句（AppositiveClause）：與先行詞同位或等同的從句叫作同位語從句。其

3、關(guān)聯(lián)詞多為that。6、狀語從句（AdverbialClause）:用作狀語的從句叫作狀語從句。其關(guān)聯(lián)詞是一些從屬連詞。第二部分：注意共同點與非共同點一名詞性從句:主要包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句.一般由that引起，也可由who,what,when,why,which,whom,whether,how引起.Whatyouneedismorepractice.（你需要的是更多的練習(xí)。）Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.（問題是這值不值得做。）Wemustfindoutwhodidallthese.（我們必須找出這些都是誰干。）Weexpres

4、sedthehopethathewouldcometoChinaagain.（我們表達著他還會來中國的愿望。）主語從句很多情況下都可以放到句子后面，而用代詞it作形式上的主語.ItisntlikelythatIshouldacceptsuchanofferasthat.（好像我應(yīng)該接受這樣的施舍。）Itisstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.（我們什么時候開運動會還是一個問題。）形式賓語Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstayhere.（我想你最好還是留在這里。）Shetookitforgrantedthathewouldre

5、ceiveitwithshame.（她認為他很羞愧地收到這東西是理所當(dāng)然的。）4.由名詞性關(guān)系代詞whatever,whoever,whichever等引起的賓語從句Hewilldowhatevertheteacheraskshimtodo.（無論老師叫他做什么，他都做。）Illtakewhoeverwantstogowithmetothetheatre.（無論是誰想和我去電影院，我都會帶他去。）Takewhicheveryoulikebest.（只要是你最喜歡的，那就拿走。）5.whether和if都能引導(dǎo)從句,但用法有所不同.當(dāng)主語從句直接位于句首時，應(yīng)用whether，而不用if.Whe

6、ther后能直接ornot,但if不能Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotknown.（還不知道他會不會來。）6.在名詞reason后的表語從句必須用that引導(dǎo)，不可誤用because.Thereasonwhyheisoftenlateforclassisthathehasthebadhabitofgettinguplateinthemorning.（他經(jīng)常上課遲到的原因就是，他有一個不好的習(xí)慣-早上起得很遲。）二:定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有who,whom,whose,that,when,where,why和which.在非限制定語從句中,只可用which,who,w

7、hose,where,when.,如果指代前面整個句子,多用which.Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.（失蹤的狗已經(jīng)找到了。）Thosewhoareinfavoroftheproposalareexpectedtodiscussitindetailafterthemeeting.（有人認為那些對這個提案有興趣的人最好是在會后再具體討論它。）Therearemanyorganizationswhosepurposeistohelpthehomeless.（存在著許多旨在幫助無家可歸者的組織。）Thedayswhenwehadtorelyonwool,co

8、ttonorsilkforourclotheshavenowpassed.（那種必須依賴羊毛，棉花或者蠶絲做衣服的日子已經(jīng)過去了。）Airmovesfromplaceswherethepressurewashightoplaceswherethepressureislow.（空氣從壓強高的地方流向壓強低的地方。）Thisisthereasonwhyherefusedtohelpus.（這就是他拒絕幫助我們的原因。）Hewasbornin1976,whenanearthquakestruckthecountry.（他出生于1976年，這一年這個城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生了地震。）Theyturnedablinde

9、yetothesufferingofthepeople,whichenragedallofus.（他們對受苦人們的漠視激怒了我們。）當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語從句的先行詞前有all,any,no,little,much,veryfirst等詞,或先行詞前為形容詞最高級所修飾時，或先行詞為all,anything,nothing,something,everything時,從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that.Theonlythingthatmatterstothechildrenishowsoontheycanhavetheirholiday.（孩子們唯一關(guān)心的是他們什么時候放假。）Thesearetheverypoi

10、ntsthatpuzzleme.（真正困擾我的是這些觀點。）Isthereanythingthatbothersyou?（有什么事煩著你嗎？）Thisisthebestfilmthatwaseverproducedbythecompany.（這部是那個公司有史以來拍攝得最好的電影。）3.as可做引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,多和such,thesame連用.As引導(dǎo)的定語從句也可修飾整個句子,既可放在先行詞后,也可放在句子開頭.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.（你描述的那一類人現(xiàn)在很少了。）Theboywasrunoverbyamotor-car,asoft

11、enhappenedinpre-liberationShanghai.（那個男孩被一輛摩托軋過去了，這種事在解放前的上海是不少見的。）Asisoftenthecase,thegirlforgottobringherdictionary.（正如往常一樣，這個女孩又忘了帶上字典。）Weareopposedtosuchideasasarenotbaseduponobjectivefacts.（我們是反對這種毫無事實根據(jù)的想法的。）介詞+which/whom/whose從句Thedriveristhemanfromwhoseroomshehadstolenthegoldwatch.（她就是從那個司機的

12、房間偷了金表的。）Languageisatoolbymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicateideaswitheachother.（語言就是人們用來和其他人交流的一種工具。）Janespentalleveningtalkingaboutherlatestbook,ofwhichnoneofushadeverheard.（Jane一晚上都在談?wù)撝沧罱鼘W(xué)課本，那些內(nèi)容我們聞所未聞。）代/名+介詞+which從句Heneedsabook,thenameofwhichIdontknow.（他需要一本書，但是我不知道書名。）Infactoriesandinourdailylife,t

13、herearemanywastematerials,allofwhichcanheturnedintousefulthingsundercertaincondition.（在工廠里，在我們的日常生活中都有很多垃圾，其實這些垃圾在某種情況下是可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛杏玫臇|西的。）Tomakeanobjectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestions,eachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.（為了能夠客觀地測試，老師寫了一串答案唯一的問題。）同位語從句和定語從句ThenewsthathehasbeenadmittedbyHarvardUni

14、versityisverypleasing.（他被哈佛大學(xué)錄取的消息非常令人興奮。）Thenewsthatyoutoldmewasreallyexciting.（你告訴我的好個消息真的是很激動人心。）三狀語從句:修飾主句中的動詞,形容詞和副詞,通常有從屬連詞引導(dǎo),按其意義和作用可分為時間,地點,條件,原因,讓步,目的,結(jié)果,方式,比較.等1.時間狀語從句:常見連詞有after,as,before,once,since,till,(not)until,when,whenever(nomatterwhen),while,aslongas,assoonasetc.Asyoulookatyoursel

15、finamirror,youllseenanidenticalimageofyourself.Itisalongtimebeforeitispossibletotestthemedicineonhumanpatients.ItwasnotuntiL.thatNotuntiL.didhe.NotuntilIreceivedtheletter,didIknowhehadgonetoAmerica.Itwasnotuntil.WhenIgottotheairport,IsuddenlyrememberedthatIhadlefttheticketbehind.Iwasabouttoleave,whe

16、nsomethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.Wheneverwehavedifficulty,hellcometohelpus.nosoonerthan,hardly(scarcely,barely)when:岡U做就NosoonerhadIopenedthedoorthanthetelephonerang.Shehadscarcelynewswhenshefainted.還有immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecond,everytimeetcIllt

17、ellyouaboutitthemomentyoucome.IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.2.地點狀語從句:一般用whereorwherever引導(dǎo)IwillstandwhereIcanseetheparadeclearly.Wherevertheywent,theywerewarmlywelcome.條件狀語從句:真實條件從句:if,unless,solongas,providedthat,supposingthat,onconditionthat,intheeventthat,incasethatetcIwillnotgot

18、oherpartyifshedoesntinviteme.Iwillnotgotoherpartyunlesssheinvitesme.原因狀語從句:從屬連詞有because,as,since,for,now,that,inthat,seeingthat,consideringthat(鑒于，由于)Astheschoolregulationsarewrittenquiteclearly,thereisnothingmoretobeexplained.Consideringthatthesweaterwashardmade,itwasnotexpensive.Seeingthattheyarei

19、nexperienced,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.讓步狀語從句:evenif,though,eventhough,while(盡管)nomatterwhat/how/which,however,whatever,whichever,howeveretc.Hewillnotgiveupsmokingeventhoughthedoctoradviseshimto.Whatevertheconsequencemaybe,Iwillbeonyourside.Howeverhardshetriedtoexplain,nobodytrustedher.Ithasbeenthes

20、ameresult,whicheverwayyoudoit.2）由as引起的讓步從句,語氣較強烈,被強調(diào)的詞須放在句首.Simpleasthequestionmayseem,itisnotatallcommoninnature.Coldasitis,thechildrenplayoutdoors.MuchasIrespecthim,Icantagreewithhim.Objectasyoumay,Iwillgoonwithmyplan.3）whetheror,不管或Whetheryouareastudentorateacher,youarerequiredtoobeytheregulation

21、softheschool.結(jié)果狀語從句：sothat,sothat,suchthatHeissohumorousthatwellneverforgethim.Sheissuchanicegirlthateverybodylikestomakefriendswithher.目的狀語從句:sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest,incaseIcheckedalltheresultstimeandagainforfearthatthereshouldbeanymistakes.Telephoneusinadvanceinorderthatwemightmakethen

22、ecessaryarragements.方式狀語從句:as,justas,asif:如同一樣weshoulddotheexerciseasourteachertellsus.Youtalkasifyouhadreallybeenthere.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Nailsprotecttheendsofhumanfingersandtoesasclawprotectthetoesofmostanimals.Theyoungmanoperatesthemachineastheoldworkerhastaughthim.比較狀語從句:1）asas（肯定句）,notso/asas（否定句）thefilmwasnotsoexcitingasweexpected.Thehistoryofnursing