大學(xué)四級英語仔細(xì)閱讀技巧課件

1、Lectures on Reading in DepthFeng 問題類型1問題類型一：主旨題 2問題類型二：細(xì)節(jié)題3問題類型三： 推理題 4問題類型四：詞匯題5問題類型五：態(tài)度問題根據(jù)問題內(nèi)容的不同，這類問題可分為主題型、標(biāo)題型和目的型 。常見的命題方式： 1）What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ? 2）What does this passage mainly (primarily) concerned ? 3）The main theme of this passage is _. 4）The main point of the

2、 passage is_.5）Which of the following is the best title for the passage ? 6）The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is _.7）On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found in a textbook ? 8）Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ? 9）The pu

3、rpose of the writer in writing this passage _. 10）The author writes this passage to_. 對于這種類型的問題，一般來說，首先要找出主題句，概括和歸納出主題思想。試看下面三篇例文。I 主題型例文 （2019年6月閱讀部分第3篇）2問題類型二：細(xì)節(jié)題這種類型的問題要求考生能夠辯認(rèn)主題展開的重要細(xì)節(jié)。細(xì)節(jié)是組成文章的主體部分，是用來闡明主旨大意的，或者說，是用來支撐主題思想的。要注意識別句子的功能及文中的承接語，以便充分理解文章的主旨及具體細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)。細(xì)節(jié)題就文章中的具體的細(xì)節(jié)給予測試。有的測試考生對某個(gè)句子或短語的理

4、解，有的測試考生迅速查讀的能力。細(xì)節(jié)題的一般命題方式如下：1) What does the passage say about2) What is the authors opinion of.3) Where in the passage does the author mention4) Which of the following is NOT referred to by the author mention as5) Which of the following is most clearly an example of6) According to the passage, whi

5、ch of the following statement is NOT true?7) The author mentions all of the following except8) The reason for is9) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc.)10) All of the following are true except針對細(xì)節(jié)題，必須快速、準(zhǔn)確地找到原文的具體事實(shí)或特定信息的位置，正確理解原文的意義后，比較選項(xiàng)中心詞是否與所獲取的信息一致。或者，也可以根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)文章未涉及的中心詞來進(jìn)

6、行排除干擾項(xiàng)。這些干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1）內(nèi)容部分正確；2）符合原文信息，但不是題目所要求的內(nèi)容；3）符合常識，但不是題目所要求的內(nèi)容；4）明顯不是文章的信息。首先，閱讀下文，迅速找出問題所要求的細(xì)節(jié)。 3問題類型三： 推理題 在一篇文章中，作者有時(shí)沒有將某一個(gè)問題、觀點(diǎn)直接、正面地陳述出來，而是隱含在字里行間。這時(shí)要求考生對所隱含的意義作推斷。這種題型，除了需要準(zhǔn)確、透徹地理解原文外，推論必須以原文內(nèi)容為依據(jù)或前提，而不能是原文的簡單重復(fù)。推理題的一般命題方式：1) What does the passage imply about2) What is probably the main reas

7、on that3) Which of the following can be inferred form the passage about4) Which of the following can most probably be inferred from the passage?5) It can be inferred form the passage that6) It can be assumed that the paragraph preceding the passage most probably discussed7) For whom is the author pr

8、obably writing this passage?8) For what purpose was the instrument originally designed?針對這類問題，要準(zhǔn)確、透徹的理解原文，并對所讀內(nèi)容進(jìn)行一定的引申和推理。推論以原文內(nèi)容為依據(jù)或前提，同時(shí)，排除干擾項(xiàng)。推理題的干擾項(xiàng)有以下特征：1）原文的簡單重述，而非推斷出來的結(jié)論；2）看似從原文推斷出來的結(jié)論，但實(shí)際上與原文不符；3）根據(jù)常識判斷是正確的，但不能從原文推斷出來；4）純屬主觀臆斷。要對所讀內(nèi)容進(jìn)行一定的引申和推理，往往可以從作者帶有感情色彩的語氣、措辭等文體特征著手，來推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、寫作目的、文章

9、風(fēng)格和基調(diào)。 Worldwide fame burst upon Albert Einstein on November 7, 1919, when British astronomers announced they found the first confirmation of Einsteins general relativity theory. Einstein had already become known in scientific circles because of his two astonishing theories: the special theory of re

10、lativity, published in 1905 when he was only 26 and a minor clerk in the 4問題類型四：詞匯題詞匯考題要求考生根據(jù)上下文猜測四級考試大綱詞匯表以外某些詞匯和短語的意義，實(shí)際上也可以說是考察對上下文語境的理解。這類考察大體有兩種情況：第一，熟詞僻義。在這種情況下，選項(xiàng)一般也給出常規(guī)含義，作為干擾。第二，超出詞匯表的生詞。在這種試題中，上下語境是我們猜測詞義的唯一根據(jù)。正確的選項(xiàng)一定能符合上下文語境。詞匯題要求根據(jù)上下文來判斷某個(gè)單詞或短語的含義，即從已知推求未知，也是提高閱讀速度的重要手段之一?？梢愿鶕?jù)定義或解釋關(guān)系，對比關(guān)

11、系，因果關(guān)系，或者同位關(guān)系推測生詞的含義。定義或解釋關(guān)系：Sometimes the earth moves between the sun and the moon. Then the earths shadow falls on the moon; no light from the sun can then reach the moon. The moon gets dark because it cannot reflect the suns light. We call this an eclipse of the moon. 假定eclipse是生詞，根據(jù)上文所作的解釋，即可推知它

12、意指“月食”的“食”。對比關(guān)系：Although a large number of people think the man to be guilty, I believe him to be innocent of the crime.假定innocent是生詞，although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句表述的意思與主句的意思起反襯作用，根據(jù)對比推知，innocent是not guilty之意。 因果關(guān)系：The tree will have to be cut down because it obstructs the view of oncoming traffic.假定obstruct是生詞

13、，because引導(dǎo)的狀語從句說明了原因，根據(jù)因果推理方法，可以確定obstruct的詞義是“阻礙”。同位關(guān)系：Different occupations differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts（手工業(yè)）, and other vocations, like farming and fishing, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabula

14、ry is very old. like提示farming 和fishing與vocations構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系，而且vocation詞義的概括性比farming和fishing的概括性大。據(jù)此推測，農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)更高一層的歸類應(yīng)是“行業(yè)”、“職業(yè)”、或“生產(chǎn)部門”。再依據(jù)上下文確定，這里取“行業(yè)”一義比較合適。另外，利用構(gòu)詞法知識，如詞的前、后綴、詞根等，也是有效的判斷詞義的辦法。例如，根據(jù)create（創(chuàng)造）這個(gè)熟詞，可猜出creativity（創(chuàng)造力或創(chuàng)造性）的詞義。知道chemical（化學(xué)的）這個(gè)詞，也知道bio-這個(gè)前綴（生物的），就不難猜出biochemical（生物化學(xué)的）之意。 要判斷短語的含義，上下文一般都有與之相關(guān)的線索，可供作邏輯上的推理。5問題類型五：態(tài)度問題態(tài)度問題考察考生是否了解文章作者或文中某人對某事所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度，是對篇章理解層次的要求。這類問題的命題方式：what is the attitude of the author towards ? 表態(tài)度的一些詞匯有：褒義詞： positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring等；中性詞：indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivale