非謂語動(dòng)詞一覽表

1、學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載非謂語動(dòng)詞一覽表非謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謩?dòng)詞不TE式to doto be done主語賓語表語定語補(bǔ)語狀語插入語to be doing/to have doneto have been doneto have been doing/動(dòng)名詞doingbeing done主語賓語表語定語having donehaving been done現(xiàn)在分詞doingbeing done表語定語補(bǔ)語狀語插入語having donehaving been done過去分詞done動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法：一.語法功能：動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載特征，因此在

2、句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語（主語補(bǔ)足語 卜狀語以及插入語（獨(dú)立成分 ），唯獨(dú)不可作謂語。（主語）To scold herwould not be just.（賓埼）We are planning to build a Disney park here.（賓補(bǔ)） They hurriedly ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.（表語）Our most urgent task is to make a careful analysis of the present situation仔細(xì)分析當(dāng)前的形勢是我們

3、最迫 切的任務(wù)。、（定語）Do you have anything else to add?還有什么要補(bǔ)（目 的狀語） Learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones.（結(jié)果狀語）He made a long speech only to show hisignorance of the subject.施大講了一通，只暴露他對(duì)這門學(xué)科的無知。、（程度狀語）I don t know hero speak to.我認(rèn)識(shí)她還不到 能與她談話的程度。（原因狀語） We shall be happy to co-operate with you in the

4、 work.（獨(dú)立成分） To put it another way,do you like him?To be honestj don t know anything about it.作主語：To say is easier than to do. = Saying is easier than doing.To seeis to believe.=Seeing is believing.How to go therehasn t been decided yet.Who to blame for the traffic accidentis still a puzzle.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下

5、載Whether to go or stayis not known.It is important to study English well and go to college.It is our duty to give a hand to people in trouble.It takes me three hours to do house cleaning on Sundays.To master a foreign languageis very important。=It is very important to master a foreign language.【總結(jié)歸納

6、】才定式作主語，用 It代替主語，而把子定式后 置，常見句型：. It is + adj. (important, possible, impossible, necessary, hard, difficult, easy,strange, natural,+ for sb.) to do sth.It is + adj. ( honest, brave, foolish, clever, careful, kind, wise, careless, good, nice, silly, stupid, impolite ) +(of sb.) to do sth.eg: It is qui

7、te necessaryfor us to learn English well.It was very brave of you to jump into the river to savethe girl.I n fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.It is kind of you to help me. = You are kind to help me .11 was foolish of you to bel ieve him.= I i is fool

8、ish of you to have bel ieved himto do sth.eg. It s right/wrong for / bfm to do the work alone. It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one s duty, acshame) +學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載sth.eg. It my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School. It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, days, patience ) to do

9、sth.eg: It requires patience to learn English well. It made sb. + adj. (excited, frightened , angry ) + to do sth.eg: It made me delighted to have been invited to give you a speech here.II.作表語：當(dāng)句子的主語是 aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose 等或者主語是 what 弓I導(dǎo)的名 詞性從句時(shí)，后面可

10、以用不定式做表語，用以說明主語所包含內(nèi)容。例如：Our most important task now is to make a plan.What I would suggest is to start work at once.At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.The problems remain to be unsettled.His father s tastoisaise pigs and goats.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載My question is when to start the work.T

11、he problem is whether to buy a bigger computer.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult. All that we have to do is (to) practice speaking English every day. What we have to do is (to) practice speaking English every day.III. 作賓語Do you agree to lend him 20

12、0 yuan _to buy a birthdaygift?They managed _to pass the driving test.We determine to study English harder than before.I don t knowattQ.do.neXt.He refused to accept the present.He tried to avoid answering my questions.The cat said “ Rememnot to . take . it next .time!.【總結(jié)歸納】1)只可以接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞很多，常見的有： ho

13、pe, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, afford, expect,etc.Eg. We have no choice. but to wait.Cf. We can do nothing but wait.3)用it作形式賓語，賓語補(bǔ)足語后置，find, think,consider, believe, feel, make +jt + adj. / n. + to do sth.eg: I find it very interesting to t

14、alk with you.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載Do you think it a pity to miss a wonderful film?Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.IV.賓語補(bǔ)足語在SVOC句型中，許多動(dòng)詞都可以跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。eg: You should get them to help youJim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.Parents want their children to develop fully.Pleas

15、e ask John not to turn off the air-condition.He encouraged me to talk to him in English.They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.He often made his workers work 10 hours a day, butrecently he has been made to reduce the worhing hour.【總結(jié)歸納】1)建賞作賓語補(bǔ)語的不定式要帶to,常用于以下動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組之后：want, wish, ask,

16、 tell, order, beg, permit,help, advise, persuade, allow, cause, force, invite, warn, forbid, get, vote for, call on, count on, rely on, depend on, long for, wait for 等。但在謂語動(dòng)詞 believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面常跟to be ,作賓補(bǔ)，也可省略 tobe.eg. They believe him (to be ) honest.I

17、 find her (to be ) humorous.You can timagine them (to. be. ) careful and學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載interesting.2)以下兩類動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不能帶to (但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要加 to )一些表示 致使”意義的動(dòng)詞， 即let, have, make;一些表示“感覺”的動(dòng)詞，五看兩聽一感覺(listen to,watch, observe, notice, look at , see, hear, listento, feel.)Eg: Don t let the childretrouble. you.I heard

18、 someone open the door.Someone was heard to open the door.His father made him go to bed early.He was made to go to bed by his father.help后to帶不帶都可以。Eg: He often helps (to) do some housework at home.He helped an old man ( to ) walk across the street.V.作定語不定式可以在句子充當(dāng)后置定語，修飾名詞或代詞。.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，與所修飾名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：I

19、have a meeting to attend.He found a goodhouseto live in.The child has nothing to worry about. She has a child to take care of.It seems that he has no pen to write with. I have a lot to talk about with you.區(qū)別: Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent?Exx.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載He has many le

20、tters( write).He is looking for a large room( live ) in.Please give me a piece of paper (write ) on.Please give me a pen ( write ) with.I want to buy a knife( cut ) appleswith.Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office. A. to send it to B. to send it C. to be sent to

21、D. to have it sent 一I would like to buy an expensive camera.一Well. We have several models.A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosenD. for choosing I am going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to your son?A. taken B. to take C. to be taken D. take. He has no money and no placeto live (

22、in ).The Central Park is a good place for people to rest and relax ( in ).I have no time to write to you ( in ).Spring is a good seasonto go travelling ( in ).I have no way to solve the problem ( in ).若不定式修飾的名詞是place, time, way,不定式后的介詞常省略學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載. I will go to Nanjing. Do you have anything to be ta

23、ken there?Cf: I will go to Nanjing with you. Do you have anything to take there?I have no more letters to be typed.Thank you.You can go home now.Cf: I have no more letters to type. I can go home now.被修飾名詞前有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)修飾：Edison was the first scientist to build a modern researchand development . center

24、.He is always the first _to come and the last to leave .Madame Curie was the first woman in the world to wintwo Nobel Prizes.He is the only person in the office to be invited to the ball.She was the only person to survive after the earthquake. There is no need to worry about me.There is nothing to d

25、o / to be done now.There re many places of interest to.visit (mto. be visited) in China.Cf: There is nothing formeio. do. . . now.(只能用 to do)There are many places of interest for her to visit inChina.(只能用 to do)學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載VI.作狀語不定式可以作狀語，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。(not )to do , in order ( not ) to do , so as ( not

26、 )todo作目的狀語Eg: She reads China Daily every day to/ in order to/ so as to improve her English. 注：in order to 可以位于句首 或句中，so as to不能位于句首。We should take action to stop pollution to keep the river clean.To sleep late in the morning Bob turned off the alarm.To / In order to catch up with the other student

27、s, he is working harder.In order for the students to pass the exam, the teachers are working hard.We ran all the way so as not to be late for the lecture.Exx: 1) All these gifts must be mailed immediately intime for Christmas.A. in order to have received B. in order to receiveC. so as to be received

28、D. so as to bereceiving注意不定式放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語與句子主語要 一致In order to make our city green.A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. we學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載must plant more treesC. many more trees need to plantD. ourcity needs more trees在 so as to do, such .as to do, only / never to do 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語，其中 only / never to

29、do 用于表示意想不到的結(jié)果。Eg: He is so. kind as to help strangers in need of help.He is such a kind man as to help strangers out of trouble.He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.He hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone.He lifted a rock, only to drop it on his own feet.He

30、 left home three months ago, back.He left home three months ago, never to be seen again.enough to do, too to do結(jié)構(gòu)Eg: The boy isn old enoughto go to school.=The boy is too young to go to school.He arrived late to find the train gone. He is too weak to do the work.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載=He is not strong enough to

31、do the work.He woke up the next morning to find that he was in a hospital.常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：或用never to doHe hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.He left his hometown when he was very young,

32、never to return.Exx: He was busy writing a story, onlyonce in a whileto smoke a cigarette.A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stoppedD 形容詞(happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever 等)+ 不定式 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作原因狀語。Eg: I rsorryto. hear . that you.

33、, are ill.I m more than happy / glad / willing to take youthere in my car.北京卷）doI m gladsee you .I feel greatly honoredinto their society. ( 2008A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed注意：only too表非常、很”They are only too lucky to goabroad for a visit. too happy / glad / pleased / eage

34、r / anxious / ready etc.=very happy / glad / pleased / eager / anxious / ready etc.She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.She was too eager to sedier daughter.Exx: - Thanks for your trouble.-Not at all. I m pleased to help you.A. too much B. too only C. so much D.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載only too 伴隨

35、狀語 as if to do sthHe moved his lips as if to say something.He raised his hand as if to greet me.He paused, as jf.tolet.the. painfu.Lmemo.ry . pass.VII.作插入語（獨(dú)立成分），用來說明說話人的態(tài)度、看法、對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行解釋，如： to be frank （坦白地說）， to be sure（確實(shí),誠然，固然），to tell you the truth （說 實(shí)話）,to be honest （老實(shí)說）,to be exact （精確地說）, to

36、 begin with （首先） ,to start with （首先）,to make a long story short（長話短說）,to make matters worse （更糟的是） ,to be brief （簡言 之），to say nothing of （姑且不說）,to conclude（總之）, believe it or not （信不信由你） 等。Eg.To tell. . you. the . truths I don t love you.I lost my way in complete darkness and , to make things worse

37、., it began to pour.To be frank, I dont like the way he talked.二、不定式的時(shí)態(tài). 一般式：表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語動(dòng)作之后，或沒有時(shí)間限制。例如： 、_They often watch us pJay. . table . tennis （與、謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)）She hopesto go there again （在謂語動(dòng)作之后）It is necessary and important to read English every day.（無時(shí)間限制）學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載The factory to mak

38、e radiosis over there.(無時(shí)間限制)She decided not to be late again.(在謂語動(dòng)作之后, 否定式)She promised never to make such a stupid mistake.(同.完成聲：表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。如：I m sorryohave . . keptyou waiting.She seems to have been told everything.She seemsto have beena teacher for many years.進(jìn)行式：表示正茬笈丕的動(dòng)作且與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例Sh

39、e happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.They pretended to be working very hard.We happened to be talking about it.完成進(jìn)行式：表示不定式中謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He is said to have been working there for more than twenty years.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)填空：Many people are eager (talk about) their future.Some

40、 of my friends seem (make) theirplans nowadays.Mary is happy(make) a great decision.Now he is an engineer, but he plans to(change) his future life.He seemed to (question) for many times.We are invited to a party (hold) in our clubnext Friday.I feel greatly honored (welcome) intotheir society.Have yo

41、u checked all the goods to the medical nextweek?The play (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle(hear).It remain(see) whether Jim be fit enough toplay in the finals.-Is Bob still performing? ”-I m afr

42、aid not. He is said to(leave) the stagealready as he has become an official.”Idon t know whether you(碰巧聽說了)，but I ， going to study in the U.S.A. this September .All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to (receive) in time for Christmas.We are invited to a party to(hold) in ourclub next Frid

43、ay.二、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系-句中有動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Do you have anything to sayon this questionWith a lot of housework to do, Lcan t go to the concert with you.son?lyou 不是take 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者I ll go to townDo you have anything 3 betaken to your 部分形容詞+不定式，與主語是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 一回頭 現(xiàn)象學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載The book is difficult to understand. =It is diffi

44、cult to understand.The chair is comfortableto sit on.Exciting as its special effects are to watch, there is too M-rwv*VB_iwTrviwwwlv-vlTi_B-rlvfcmrwB5rTrvvwTriwvsvrivlTBTrrlvli-irwiBiBH_wvvwTr8arvvrivllArTrrfcmuch violence in the film.He is a pleasant person to work with止匕類形容詞有easy, hard, cheap, exp

45、ensive, dangerous,difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful 等。 to blame受責(zé)備；to let 待出租The house isto let.Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the oneto blame.He is more to blame than Wilfred.四、動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to的情況：(1).女一感(

46、feel)二 輪” (hear/listen to)三讓 (let/make/have) 四 看 (look at/see/watch/notice+ observe;)感官動(dòng)后和使役動(dòng)詞后，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí), 不帶 to.eg. I have heard him speak about youoften.注：用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)(let/have無被動(dòng)語態(tài)be allowed to do sth)，則要帶 to, She was heard to sing a songin the next room.注：get/leave也有 旺”可笠但它們之后的示定式要帶to.eg.(3)I ll leav

47、e yoto. settle . all . the. . problems.(2)在 had better/had best/had rather/had sooner/would rather (亍愿/最好)I father stop here soon.(3)連接詞組(寧愿 而不愿)would rather do than do., would do rather than do, prefer to do rather than do , insist on doing rather than do would sooner do than doeg: I would rather g

48、o than stay Rather than go outing, she wouldstay at home.(4) 在 cannot but do . , cannot help but do , can t choose but do ,may (might) as well do , may(maight) well do .,Eg: When the country calls you for help, you can tbut. . go. I can t choosbut attend the meeting.(5)在“why ” / “why not。類表示提由忠告戰(zhàn)建議的

49、 句型中,學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載Eg: Why turn off the gas? Why not look it up in the direction?do nothing/everything /anything but/exceptThere is nothing (left) to do but/except wait for him at home.She could do nothing but cry.五、不te式的省略式，可以保留到to; to be; to have; to have been下列短語中，如果意義明確，常常省略到to owant to , wish to ,ho

50、pe to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to If you dont want to do it, you dont need to.-Hasd t he finished writing the report?-No, but he ought to have.動(dòng)名詞一、基本形式. 一般式By reviewing the olcj you can learn somethingnew.被動(dòng)式 He narrowly esc

51、aped being drowned.完成式 Mary regrets having been idlewhen young.否定式 not doing.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) Is there any chance of my going abroad?名詞性質(zhì)作主語、賓語，也可以用作表語或定語.作主語Being . exposed. . to . sunlight for too . much .time . will do harm to ones skin.Being examined twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is

52、 the rule that every driver must obey in this city.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-her new bicycle.A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing注意： 動(dòng)名詞在 “It is no use / no good / fun / useless / a waste of time / a good pleasure / nice / good / interesting / worthwhile等”結(jié)兩中作主語，it為形式主語

53、。如：Its no good waiting this morning. Come back Monday.作表語In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs.作賓語既可作動(dòng)詞賓語也可作介詞賓語In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour.She looks forward every spring to walking in the學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載flower-lined garden.The discovery of new evidence le

54、d to the thief being caught.注意：若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則常用it作形式賓語We found it no good making fun of others.We don t thinkit any good allowing children to chat on line without any restriction.后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid,excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, adrm itdeny, mind, permit, forbid, pr

55、actice, risk, appreciate, postpone, fancyunderstand, involve, resist, escape后接動(dòng)名詞的短語：be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand,cant help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent (from),keep from, stop ( from ) , protect fromset about, be engaged in, spend (in), succeedin, be used to, look forward to,

56、 object to, pay attention to, insist on, put off, can t stand, can3help, ,devote to, get used to注意 1 :在 have some difficulty ( in ) doing 句型中,difficulty 可由以下單詞 trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time如：Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time (inI. passing

57、. the . exam.結(jié)構(gòu) 如： to be repaired.注意 2: 在動(dòng)詞 need, require, want, deserves用動(dòng)名詞的主 動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。其用法相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)oThe watch needs repairing. =The watch needs這塊表該修F列動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義有區(qū)別forget to do忘記要做某事forget doing 忘remember to do 記住要 做某事rememberdoing 記著做了某事mean to do 有意要 做某事meandoing 意味著做了某事一regret to do 對(duì)要做的

58、事主示后悔regret doing對(duì)做過去的事后悔can thelp to do 不能幫助做某事 can tielp doing情不自禁做臬事try to do 盡力去做某事try doing 試stop to do停下來去做（另一件事）stop doing 停止做某事-go on to do 接著做 （另外一件事 go on學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載doing繼續(xù)做某事be used toused to do 過去做某事doing習(xí)慣做某事作主語、賓語的動(dòng)名詞和不定式的區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞：表示一般性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或抽象性的動(dòng)作，時(shí)間概念不強(qiáng)；不定式：表示的動(dòng)作往往是具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作，特別是將來的動(dòng)作。

59、一Smoking is forbidden here.（泛指） Its not good for you to smokeso much.（具體）f They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.（泛喑）體）Would you prefer to stay at home this evening (具.作定語：表示用途He cant walk without a walking-stick. Is there a swimming pool in your school?.作向位語His habit, listening to th

60、e news on the radio, remains unchanged.牛力試：用動(dòng)名詞的 doing 、 having done 、 being done 、 having been done形式填空We are interested in(play) chess.Im sorry for not(keep) my promise.I appreciate(invite) here.(examine) twice a year, whether it is a car or abus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey