名詞性從句語法講解課件

1、名詞性從句語法講解名詞性從句語法講解名詞性從句語法講解1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句I 名詞性從句的種類1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her s

2、on has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句I 名詞性從句的種類在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充當(dāng),這個句子就叫名詞性從句。什么是名詞性從句?名詞性從句主語從句 ( The Subject Clause)賓語從句 ( The Object Clause) 表語從句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位語從句 ( The Appo

3、sitive Clause)主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 不可省略), whether; 連接代詞有who, what ,which;連接副詞 when ,where, how, why 等.如:1).連接詞: that, whetherHe is a famous singer.It is known to us.1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)Will we visit the Great Wall tom

4、orrow?It has not been decided.Whether we will visit the Great Wall has not been decided.It has not been decided whether we will visit the Great Wall .2).連接代詞: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whicheverWhose bag is it ?It cant be told.Whose bag it is cant be told.It cant be told whos

5、e bag it is .What does he need?It is money.What he needs is money.無論你剛才說什么都是對的.Whatever you said is all right.3).連接副詞: when, where, why, how, how many, how much ,how long, how soon, how oftenWhen will we start tomorrow?It will be told soon.When we will start tomorrow will be told soon.我們將怎樣制定計劃已經(jīng)被老師

6、解釋清楚了.How we will make the plan has been explained clearly by the teacher.為什么他來這里還是不被人所知道.Why he comes here is not known.1.為什么有時侯用that, whether,有時侯用連接代詞 , 或著有時候用連接副詞?2.它的語序有沒有變化?2.總結(jié):1).主語從句一律用陳述句語序,即主語在前,謂 語在后.2).連接詞that在從句中無實際意義,起引導(dǎo)作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略. When will he come is not known.錯誤When he will co

7、me is not known.He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.錯誤That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrong 不可改變語序 3).whether可以引導(dǎo)主語從句 解釋為”是否”,但if不能.4).whoever, whatever, whichever等詞可以引導(dǎo)主語從句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能,它們只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.5)

8、.為避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語. 例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/ that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/ that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that It doesnt matter whether/ It seems that It happens that單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Where and when

9、 he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 注意:在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 “ should +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary essential that.Its important that. Its natural that.Its strange that 1. _ we cant get seems better than _we have. A

10、.What , what B. What , that C. That , that D. That , what 2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile Bthat Cif Dfor 3.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon Awhen Bhow Cwhether Dwhy4 made the school proud was more than 90% of the stud

11、ents had been admitted to key universities. AWhatbecauseBWhatthat CThatwhatDThatbecauseWe believe (that) he is honest.I told him (that) I would come back soon.He said (that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there.(第二個不能省)賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語,放在實義動詞或介詞的后面.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that ?？墒÷?

12、,whether, if; 代詞有who, whose, what ,which; 副詞有when ,where, how, why 等.如:總結(jié):2.注意點1).賓語從句一律用陳述句的語序.2).引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that也無實際意義,多數(shù) 情況下可以省略.3).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,但二者用法不同.1.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞: 賓語從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞相同.5).that在賓語從句中的省略與保留 (1).在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語) 的句型中不省略.例: We must make it clear that we mean what

13、we say.(2).由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,第一個that 可以省略,第二that不能省.He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.(3)that一般不充當(dāng)介詞賓語偶爾可作 except, in ,but的賓語;其它介詞后要用that 從句作賓語須用it作形式賓語.1.He has made _clear _he will not give in . 2.Well see to _ _she gets home early .3.I hatedislike _when someone

14、 smokes in the office.4.Ill appreciate _ if you come to our party.5.They took_ for granted _ you knew the fact.itthatitthatitititthat6.He is a good student except _he is careless .7I know nothing about him except _you told me.8.He usually goes to school on foot except_ it rains. 9.I could say nothin

15、g but _I was sorry.10.Cars and motorcycles are similar in _ they are both privately owned means of transport. 11.You can depend on _ that I will help you. whatwhenthatthatthatit只能用whether不能用if的情況1.在介詞后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We didnt think about whether it would rain the next d

16、ay.2.在動詞不定式前：They asked me whether to sit at the front.3.當(dāng)與or not連用，或提出兩種選擇 時:I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4.賓語從句提前時：Whether this is true , I cant say.5.在動詞discuss后的賓語從句中:We discussed w

17、hether we would have a sports meeting next week.6.引導(dǎo)表語從句、同位語從句、主語從句用whether：Whether he is right or wrong is a question.The question was whether he went there last night.(4)用if不用whether的情況:1.引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時：He asked me if I hadnt finished my homework.2.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，if意為“如果”時:Well go hiking if it doesnt rain

18、 tomorrow.what 的 靈活使用1.He is _ is called supermanA. the person B. who C. what D. that . what = the person that sth. that.總結(jié): what 在賓語和表語從句中,可以是 1.“的東西”, 2. “的人”, 3, “的時間”, 4. “的地方”. 其中 What = 某個名詞/代詞+ that 定語從句1.I understand _(all _ )you said.2.I cant believe _ is reported. 3.A car passed me at _I t

19、hought was a dangerous speed. 4.The building will be built in _ was a wasteland before.whatthatwhatwhatwhatwhat含義模糊,在從句中作主語或賓語或表語 特別注意不用what也不用which的特殊句子:5.Can you tell me _ you would like to have your coffeeblack or white?how表語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語,常放在be動詞的后面. 引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 不可省略),whether; 代詞有who, what ,

20、which;副詞 when ,where, how, why 等.如:1.The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.2.This is how Henry solved the problem. 3.His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.如果句子的主語是suggestion,advice.order等名詞時,后面引導(dǎo)的表語從句用should+動詞原形,should可省略.2.注意點1). 表語從句一律用陳述句的語序.2).表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that無實際意義

21、,但不能省略.3).表語從句只能用whether,而不能用if 引導(dǎo).What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.The reason why + 句子 be that + 從句.For +名詞今天早上他遲到的原因是因為路上行人太多.1.This is _our problem

22、lies.2.Tomorrow is _ it would be the most convenient.3.The reason _ he didnt come is_ he was ill.4. He didnt come .Thats _ he was ill.5. He was ill. I think that is _he didnt come.6. The question is _ he will be here on time.where whenwhy thatbecausewhy whether1、He said we should finish the work tod

23、ay, and this is _I disagree.2、You always give him whatever he wants. Thats_ you are wrong.3、-Whats that building? -Thats _sports equipment is stored.4、Thats the place _ the sports equipment is storedwherewherewherewhere/in which注意where 引導(dǎo)的表語,狀語，定語從句的區(qū)別1.A building will be built in _was a wasteland b

24、efore.2.A building will be built in a place _was a wasteland before. 3.A building will be built in a place _ there was a church before. 4.A building will be built _there was a church before.whatwhichthatwherein whichwhere 1. The reason _he was late is _his mother was ill. 2. The reason _ he gave me

25、(explained to me) is acceptable.why/for whichthat（that/which）3. He was late. Thats his mother was ill.4. His mother was ill. Thats _he was late. becausewhyreason的特殊句型與because, why引導(dǎo)的表語從句須注意！同位語從句一個名詞或代詞后面有時可以跟一個名詞（或起類似作用的其他形式），對前者進(jìn)一步說明它指的是誰，什么等，那么這一部分就叫做同位語。在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句. 引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that ; 連接副

26、詞how /when /where ；連接代詞what等.如 :1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.4.I have no idea when he will be back.注意1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句前面的名詞常見的有:idea, fact,

27、news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word, hope, information等.2. that 在從句中只是起引導(dǎo)作用, 不作任何成分.2.有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。例如：1.The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.2.The story g

28、oes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.一、同位語從句與定語 從句的相似之處1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語 The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位語從句）我們隊取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定語從句）你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。2、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo) eg. The suggestion that students

29、should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位語從句）學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實用的東西的建議值得考慮。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定語從句）值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實用的東西。二、同位語從句與定語 從句的不同之處1、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步 說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、 限定前面的名詞。 e.g. The news that our team ha

30、s won the final match is encouraging. （從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊取得了決賽勝利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging.（從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）二、同位語從句與定語 從句的不同之處2、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me a

31、 CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充當(dāng)任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited me.（that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。）Tell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3.The sugge

32、stion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.II. Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he di

33、dnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. thatII. Choose the best answer4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book sai

34、d was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A