中考英語考試考點匯總含答案解析

1、2013年中考英語考試考點匯總含答案解析中考英語復(fù)習(xí)一：名詞考點講解和訓(xùn)練一、名詞【考點直擊】1可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法； 2名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法；3近義名詞的辨析?！久麕燑c睛】一、名詞的數(shù) 1單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“-s”構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：（1）一般情況在詞尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（2） 以s，x，ch，sh，結(jié)尾的詞加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，br

2、ushbrushes。 （3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。（5）以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但詞末為兩個元音字母的詞只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，還有某

3、些外來詞也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。 （6） 以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f為v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法如下表所示。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法情況 讀法 例詞 在ptkf等清輔音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在sztF等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdv等濁輔音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives （7）少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：manme

4、n，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice?！咀⒁狻颗cman和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germans；man, woman等作定語時，它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。有個別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但當(dāng)fish表示不同種類的魚時，可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。（8）單數(shù)形

5、式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有：people, police等。（9）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如：ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（10）還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：科學(xué)名詞：physics, mathematics/maths游戲名稱：bowls專有名詞：the United States, Niagara Falls

6、其他名詞：news, falls2不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法在英語中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下兩種方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice（2）用a piece of 這類定語，例如：a piece o

7、f paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可數(shù)名詞也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等來修飾。二、名詞的所有格 名詞所有格，用來表示人或物

8、的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。1. 表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加 s,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s，例如：a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。2. 如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3. 在表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價格、世界、國家等名詞的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。4. 無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：a map of Chin

9、a，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 雙重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers?！咀⒁狻咳绻麅蓚€名詞并列，并且分別有 s，則表示“分別有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；Toms and Marys bikes（兩人各自的自行車）。兩個名詞并列，只有一個s，則表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom與Mary是兄妹

10、）。【實例解析】1.（2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題） These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 答案：C。該題考查的是名詞作定語時的變化。woman 作定語時要和被修飾的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。2. (2004年河北省中考試題)This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and

11、 Jane D. Anne and Janes 答案：D。該題考查的是并列名詞的所有格。兩人共有一個房間時，只在后面的名詞后加s。3. (2004年吉林省中考試題) Are there any _ on the farm? Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 答案：D。該題考查的是特殊名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。從謂語動詞來判斷，主語應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只有sheep可用作復(fù)數(shù)名詞。4. (2004年佛山市中考試題) What would you like to drink, _ or orange? Orange, please

12、. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea 答案：C。該題考查的是名詞的類別。三種東西中只有tea能喝?！局锌佳菥殹恳? 單項填空1 Where have you been, Tim? Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinn

13、er3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4 They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of

14、his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_

15、has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12 Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly. But I think we should let _ go out fi

16、rst.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children13 You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop. Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Chi

17、ldrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room二. 根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語注釋，寫出所缺單詞。1. Weve got a lot of new _(雜志) in our school library.2. Please turn to another _（頻道）, I dont like this show.3. Yesterday the _(航班) to London was put of

18、f because of the bad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite (季節(jié)) 5. How many _(小刀) do you have? Three.6. _ are widely used in the modern world. 7. June 1st is _(兒童) Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _(地址) so that I can write to you.9. Does this piece of _(音樂) sound nice? Yes. Its wonderful!1

19、0. May 12th is the International _(護(hù)士) Day. Lets say “ Thanks” to them for their work.三. 根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞。1. “Whats your n_?” “Li Lei.”2. How many d_ does your uncle have?3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside.4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_.5. A computer is o

20、ne of the greatest i_ in the world.6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival. 7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9. Health is more important to me than m_.10. B

21、e careful! Its d_ to run across the street now.【練習(xí)答案】一1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 二1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight 4.season 5. knives 6. Computers 7. Childrens 8. address 9. music 10. Nurses三1.name 2.daughters 3. window 4. pronunciation 5. inventions 6.parents 7.

22、age 8. hours 9. money 10. dangerous中考英語復(fù)習(xí)二：形容詞、副詞考點講解和訓(xùn)練 二、形容詞和副詞【考點直擊】1. 形容詞的用法；2. 副詞的用法；3. 形容詞和副詞原級、比較級、最高級的用法；4. 形容詞和副詞在句中的區(qū)別和位置?！久麕燑c睛】1. 形容詞的用法 (1) 形容詞在句中作定語, 表語, 賓語補(bǔ)足語。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定語） The fish went bad. （作表語）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作賓語補(bǔ)足語）(2) 形容詞修飾s

23、omething, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時,形容詞放在名詞后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3) 用 and 或 or 連接起來的兩個形容詞作定語時一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or sm

24、all. (4) the形容詞表示一類人或物 The rich should help the poor.2. 副詞的用法(1) 副詞在句中可作狀語,表語和定語。 He studies very hard. （作狀語）Life here is full of joy. （作定語） When will you be back? （作表語） 副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類：1)時間副詞時間副詞通常用來表示動作的時間。常見的時間副詞有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, oft

25、en, usually, always等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2)地點副詞地點副詞通常用來表示動作發(fā)生的地點。常見的地點副詞有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：I met an old friend o

26、f mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副詞方式副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的？”這類問題的，其中絕大部分都是由一個形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的, 有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly, 它們與形容詞同形。常見的方式副詞有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, har

27、d, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)程度副詞程度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞，有少數(shù)用來修飾動詞或介詞短語。常見的程度副詞有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almo

28、st, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑問副詞是用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的副詞。常見的疑問副詞有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(2)副詞在句中的位置1)多數(shù)副詞作狀語時放在動詞之后。如果動詞帶有賓語，則放在賓語之后。

29、例如：Mr Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2)頻度副詞作狀語時，通常放在行為動詞之前，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞和be動詞之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3)程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面, 但enough作副詞用時，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.4)副詞作定語時，一

30、般放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.(3)部分常用副詞的用法1) very, much這兩個副詞都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用來修飾形容詞和副詞的原級，而much用來修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級。例如：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much可以修飾動詞，而very則不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They

31、did not talk much.2) too, either這兩個副詞都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready一般用于語肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒

32、裝句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.3. 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級(1) 兩個人或事物的比較時（不一定每一方只有一個人或一個事物），用比較級。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) most 同形容詞連用而不用 the,表示 極,很,非常, 十

33、分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在這兒太危險。 (3) The+形容詞比較級., the+形容詞比較級.表示 越. 就越.。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) 形容詞比較級 + and + 形容詞比較級 , 表示 越來越. 。 Its getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主語+謂語(系動詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對比相同。 This box is as big as mine. (6) the + 形容詞 表示某種人。 He always helps the po

34、or. (7) 形容詞和副詞最高級用于三個或三個以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.【實例解析】1. (2004年北京市中考試題) Which is _, the sun, the moon or the earth? Of course the moon is. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest 答案：D。該題考查的是形容詞的比較等級的用法。因為是太陽，地球和月亮三者進(jìn)行比較，選用形容詞的最高級，而且最高級之前要加定冠詞the。所以選D。2. (20

35、04年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題) He has made _ progress this term than before. A. little B. less C. fewer D. much 答案 B。該題考查的是形容詞比較等級的用法。因為是現(xiàn)在和過去進(jìn)行比較，所以要用比較級，又因為是修飾不可數(shù)名詞，只能用less, 而不能用fewer。3. (2004年江西省中考試題) What delicious cakes! They would taste _ with butter. A. good B. better C. bad D. worse 答案：B。該題考查的是形容詞的比較等級。答話人的意

36、思應(yīng)該是“如果加上點黃油，這些蛋糕會更好吃?！边@里就有一種比較：加黃油和不加黃油。既然是比較，就要用比較級。因為這里講的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而選better。4. (2004年河北省中考試題) Bob never does his homework _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as 答案：B。該題考查的是形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別。因為該詞修飾的是動作“做家庭作業(yè)”，所以要用副詞。又因為表示一方不如另一方要用句型

37、“not as+副詞原級+as”，所以只能選B?！局锌佳菥殹恳? 單項填空1There are many young trees on sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all2 Its so cold today. Yes, its than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold3Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.A. more B. a little C. many D.

38、 few4She isnt so at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best5Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well6He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest7I bought exercise-books with money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C.

39、a little; a few D. a little; a little8The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to9The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide10Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much

40、C. very D. too11. Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily12. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry13. Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? Certainly, we can buy _ one than

41、 this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as14. This digital camera is really cheap! The _ the better. Im short of money, you see. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive15. If you want to learn English well, you

42、must use it as _ as possible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon16. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more17. English people _ use Mr. Before a mans first name. A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes18. One more satellite was sent up into space i

43、n China in May. Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of19. Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make. We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less20. I have _ to do

44、 today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something二. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. _ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.2. Mobile phones are _ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.3. He put on his coat and went out _ (

45、quick).4. She is _ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.5. A lot Chinese people are _ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold _ (snow) night.7. Allie asked me _ (polite) to put the things away.8. Its snowing hard. You must drive _(careful).9

46、. The earth we live on is _ (big) than the moon.10. Hainan is a very large island. Its the second _ (large) island in China.三. 用適當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~或副詞填空(首字母已給出)1. A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d_ countries.2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u_.3. Hawaii is f_

47、its beautiful beaches.4. He often takes an a_ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.5. The performance was so w_ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).6. Jiefang Road is the b_ street in our city.7. She lay a_ for hours thinking over her business.8. I like b

48、all games very much, but my f_ sport is playing basketball.9. The boy is too l_ . He doesnt want to do anything.10. The dictionary is very u_ . It will help you a lot.【練習(xí)答案】一. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B二. 1. Fortunately 2. widely 3.quick

49、ly 4. better 5. proud 6. snowy 7. politely 8. carefully 9. bigger 10. largest三. 1. developed 2. usual 3. famous 4. active 5. wonderful 6. busiest 7. awake 8. favourite 9. lazy 10. useful本資料由七彩教育網(wǎng) 提供！本資料由七彩教育網(wǎng) 提供！中考英語復(fù)習(xí)三：動詞考點講解和訓(xùn)練 三、動詞【考點直擊】1.動詞的八種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法；2.動詞被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法；3.非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成及用法；4.近義動詞的用法區(qū)別。【名師

50、點睛】1.動詞的時態(tài)英語時態(tài)用共有十六種時態(tài)，其中常用的有8種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去完成時和過去將來時。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。 時間狀語： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或

51、警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.【注意】此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。 I dont want so much.5) 某些動詞如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般現(xiàn)在時句中可用來表示將來肯定會發(fā)生的動作。 The train comes at 3 oclock. 6) 在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句

52、中，一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 Ill help you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. （2）一般過去時的用法： 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動作或情況，通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞，詞組或從句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。 I worked in that factory last year. 【注意】1) 過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，也可用used

53、to或would加動詞原形來表達(dá)，例如： I used to go fishing on Sundays. 2) “used to”也可用于表示過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)。例如： This river used to be clean.（3）一般將來時的用法1）表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如： I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2）表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：He will go to see his mother every Saturdays. 3）表示將來的意愿，決心，許諾， 命令等時常用will，征求對方意見，主語是第一人稱時，常用shall

54、。 I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door? 4）be + going + 動詞不定式。也是一種將來時句型，表示打算，計劃，最近或?qū)硪鞯哪呈隆?I am going to Beijing next week. 5）be + 動詞不定式。表示有職責(zé)，義務(wù)，可能，約定，意圖等。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. 6）be about + 動詞不定式，表示馬上，很快作某事。 The

55、y are about to leave. （4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法 1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法表示說話者說話時正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動作， 它注重現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作，而不管動作從什么時間開始，到什么時間結(jié)束。 What are you doing now? I am looking for my key. 2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作（但說話時這個動作不一定在進(jìn)行）。 The students are preparing for the examination. 3) 某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示即將發(fā)生的動作，這些動詞有 arrive, come, leave, start等。

56、They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 【注意】有些動詞一般不可以用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示狀態(tài)的動詞，尤其是靜態(tài)動詞，如：be, have表示認(rèn)識、知覺和情感的動詞，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。（5）現(xiàn)在完成時的用法 1) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動作。 I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom. 2) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動作或

57、狀態(tài)。 現(xiàn)在完成時常與for 和 since 引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。 We have lived here since 1976. They have waited for more than two hours. 【注意】一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響；一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用。試比較：I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了，不涉及現(xiàn)在）I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）

58、（6）過去進(jìn)行時的用法 表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作。例如：I was watching TV when she came to see me. 【注意】過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時都是過去發(fā)生的事情，但過去進(jìn)行時側(cè)重表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的連續(xù)進(jìn)行，而一般過去時則表示單純的過去事實，例如：They were building a house last month. （上個月正在建造，建造好與否不知）They built a new house last month. （上個月建造好了，動作已經(jīng)完成）（7）過去完成時的用法 過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完

59、成的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，過去完成時常和 by , before 等詞組成的短語和從句連用。 We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. （8）過去將來時的用法過去將來時表示從過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在地狀態(tài)，過去將來時較多地被運(yùn)用在賓語從句中。例如：They were going to have a meeting.I told him tha

60、t I would see him off at the station.2.動詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。（1）被動語態(tài)1) 被動語態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是： be +及物動詞過去分詞 2) 被動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞一定要是及物動詞因為被動句中的主語是動作的承受者，某些短語動詞如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被動語態(tài)。The children were taken good care of by her. 【注意】短語動詞中的介詞或副詞變成