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1、 14/14 UNIT 11.被系在上be attached to2.探索行為exploratory behavior3.偶爾on occasion4.父母的責(zé)任parental duties5.揭示，闡明throw light on6.最終目的an ultimate purpose7.要做的動(dòng)作desired action8.所希望的結(jié)果desirable oute9.關(guān)鍵critical point10.育兒觀 value of child rearing11.彌補(bǔ)某種錯(cuò)誤行為making up for a misdeed12.回想起來(lái)in retrospect13.善意的well-int

2、entioned14.前來(lái)幫助某人e to sb.s rescue15.極其熟練、溫和地with extreme facility and gentleness16.適用于apply to17.發(fā)展到evolve to18.發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力promote creativity19.值得追求的目標(biāo)worthwhile goals One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast

3、 between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no parable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has bee

4、n acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. 美國(guó)人的立場(chǎng)可以概括起來(lái)這么說(shuō)，我們比中國(guó)人更重視創(chuàng)新和自立。我們兩種文化的差異也可以從我們各自所懷的憂慮中顯示出來(lái)。中國(guó)老師擔(dān)心，如果年輕人不及早掌握技藝，就有可能一輩子掌握不了；另一方面，他們并不同樣地急于促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展。美國(guó)教育工作者則擔(dān)心，除非從一開(kāi)始就發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，不然創(chuàng)造力就有可能永不再現(xiàn)；而另一方面，技藝可于日后獲得。 However, I do not want to overstate my case

5、. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the

6、 standing on the shoulders of giants phenomenon). 但我并不想夸大其辭。無(wú)論在過(guò)去還是在當(dāng)今，中國(guó)在科學(xué)、技術(shù)和藝術(shù)革新方面都展示了巨大的創(chuàng)造力。而西方的創(chuàng)新突破則有被夸大的危險(xiǎn)。如果仔細(xì)審視任何一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新，其對(duì)以往成就的依賴(lài)則都顯而易見(jiàn)（“站在巨人肩膀之上”的現(xiàn)象）。 But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the impo

7、rtant question bees this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills? 然而，假定我這里所說(shuō)的反差是成立的，而培養(yǎng)技藝與創(chuàng)造力兩者都是值得追求的目標(biāo)，那么重要的問(wèn)題就在于：我們能否從中美兩個(gè)極端中尋求一種更好的教育方式，它或許能在創(chuàng)造力與基本技能這兩極之間獲得某種較

8、好的平衡？UNIT 21. 面臨，遭遇be confronted with2. 仰頭向上看look up at3. 填寫(xiě)fill out4. 屬于fall into5. 僅僅，不多于，不強(qiáng)于 nothing more than6. 轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的念頭a passing whim7. 磨損，損耗wear and tear8. 雖然，盡管in spite of9. 期望，盼望look forward to10. 富裕的，有錢(qián)的 well off11. 不自在，格格不入 out of place12. 陳舊的家具dated furniture13. 之后不久shortly after14. 走下坡路，失

9、敗 go south15. 轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)a turning point16. 與形成對(duì)比 in contrast to17. 對(duì)予以注意，致力于 focus on18. 歸屬感a sense of belonging19. 遭遇困難 go through a rough time20. 久不消逝的微笑 a lingering smile21. 為感恩 be thankful for22. 收入最低的檔次 the lowest ine bracket23. 創(chuàng)作才能 the gift of creativity24. 對(duì)物質(zhì)財(cái)富的追求 the pursuit of possessionsYet I f

10、eel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have. My 1999 car shows the wear and tear of 105,000 miles. But it is still dependable. My apartment is modest, but quiet and relaxing. My clothes are well suited to my work, which is primarily outdoors. My minim

11、al puter needs can be met at the library.然而，想要得到其他那么多人都有的物質(zhì)的東西，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，只不過(guò)是轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的念頭而已。我的汽車(chē)是1999年的產(chǎn)品，到現(xiàn)在開(kāi)了十萬(wàn)五千英里，已經(jīng)很破很舊了，但是它依然可靠。我的住房不大，但是很安靜，住著挺舒心。我的衣服很適合于我的工作，主要都在戶外。我對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)的很少的需求，可以在圖書(shū)館得到解決。 In spite of what I dont have, I dont feel poor. Why? Ive enjoyed exceptionally good health for 53 years. Its not

12、just that Ive been illness-free, its that I feel vigorous and spirited. Exercising is actually fun for me. I look forward to long, energizing walks. And I love the “can do” attitude that follows.盡管有些東西我沒(méi)有，我并不感到貧窮。這是為什么？五十三年來(lái)我一直非常健康。我不但不生病，而且精力充沛，情緒飽滿。鍛煉對(duì)我而言是確確實(shí)實(shí)的快事，我樂(lè)意長(zhǎng)距離步行，越走越有勁。我喜愛(ài)步行后隨之產(chǎn)生的一種“什么都干得

13、了”的心態(tài)。I also cherish the gift of creativity. When I write a beautiful line of poetry, or fabricate a joke that tickles someone, I feel rich inside. Im continually surprised at the insights that e through my writing process. And talking with so many interesting writer friends is one of my main source

14、s of enjoyment.我還十分珍惜我的創(chuàng)作才能。當(dāng)我寫(xiě)出美麗的詩(shī)句或編造出能把人逗樂(lè)的笑話時(shí)，我內(nèi)心感到很富有。通過(guò)寫(xiě)作而獲得的洞察力，不斷地令我驚奇。而與那么多寫(xiě)作朋友交談，是我樂(lè)趣的主要源泉之一。UNIT 3舞臺(tái)前方the edge of the stage對(duì)觀眾說(shuō)話address the audience到頭來(lái)讓人尷尬end up embarrassing sb.當(dāng)餐廳服務(wù)員wait tables為某人感到驕傲be proud of sb.一致地in unison偶爾一次once in a while圍坐在餐桌旁be seated around the dinning room

15、table使產(chǎn)生懸念keep in suspense傳下來(lái)hand down無(wú)論如何at any rate世界和平global peace減少；縮小narrow down轉(zhuǎn)向某人turn to sb.影響；刺激e over結(jié)束某（一不愉快的）事get sth. over with優(yōu)等生an honor student整天提心吊膽live in constant dread負(fù)責(zé)in charge of 填寫(xiě)fill out思路line of thought初中junior high schoolIf that sort of thing happened only once in a while

16、, it wouldnt be so bad. Overall, I wouldnt want to trade my dad for anyone elses. He loves us kids and Mom too. But I think thats sometimes the problem. He wants to do things for us, things he thinks are good. 這類(lèi)事要是偶爾發(fā)生一兩次，那倒也沒(méi)什么。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我是不肯把自己老爸跟別人的老爸換的。他愛(ài)我們當(dāng)子女的，也愛(ài)老媽。不過(guò)我想，有時(shí)問(wèn)題就出在這兒。他一心想幫助我們，他自以為在為我們做

17、好事呢。Can you imagine how humiliated I was? An honor student, class president. And Father was out asking people to have their sons call and ask me to the prom! But thats dear old dad. Actually, he is a dear. He just doesnt stop to think. And its not just one of us whove felt the heavy hand of interfer

18、ence. Oh, no, all three of us live in constant dread knowing that at any time disaster can strike 你們能想象我覺(jué)得自己有多么丟人現(xiàn)眼嗎？堂堂的優(yōu)秀生，班主席。父親竟然去求別人叫他們的兒子打來(lái)邀我跳舞！可這就是我那可愛(ài)的老爸。他其實(shí)挺可愛(ài)的。他就是不好好想一想。不止我一個(gè)人深受他橫加干預(yù)之苦。哦,絕非我一個(gè)人，我們兄妹三個(gè)整天提心吊膽，知道倒霉的事隨時(shí)可能來(lái)臨。UNIT 4一周中的最好時(shí)光highlight of the week投稿 submit articles有時(shí) at times對(duì)感到厭惡f

19、eel an aversion to社交方式forms of socializing缺乏自律a lack of discipline網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際cyber-interaction面對(duì) be confronted with穿著得體be dressed appropriately 廣告令心煩 be jarred by the mercials 工作成了次要的。 Work moves into the background.壞脾氣 be bad-tempered在此狀態(tài)下 in this state日常事務(wù)daily routine依賴(lài) rely on長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)long-term unemployment

20、吸毒 drug abuse恢復(fù)平衡restore balance將與區(qū)分開(kāi) set apartfrom面對(duì)面 face to face找借口 make an excuseId never realized how important daily routine is: dressing for work, sleeping normal hours. Id never thought I relied so much on co-workers for pany. I began to understand why long-term unemployment can be so damagi

21、ng, why life without an externally supported daily plan can lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide. 以前我從未意識(shí)到日常的生活起居是多么重要，如穿戴整齊去上班，按時(shí)就寢。以前我從未想過(guò)自己會(huì)那么依賴(lài)同事做伴。我開(kāi)始理解為什么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的失業(yè)會(huì)那么傷人，為什么一個(gè)人的生活缺少了外部支持的日常計(jì)劃就會(huì)導(dǎo)致吸毒、犯罪、自殺率的增長(zhǎng)。To restore balance to my life, I force myself back into the real world. I ca

22、ll people, arrange to meet with the few remaining friends who havent fled New York City. I try to at least get to the gym, so as to set apart the weekend from the rest of my week. I arrange interviews for stories, doctors appointments - anything to get me out of the house and connected with others.

23、為了恢復(fù)生活的平衡，我強(qiáng)迫自己回到真實(shí)世界中去。我給別人打，與所剩無(wú)幾的仍然住在紐約城的幾個(gè)朋友安排見(jiàn)面。我至少設(shè)法去去健身房，以便使周末與工作日有所不同。我安排采訪好寫(xiě)報(bào)道，預(yù)約看醫(yī)生安排任何需要我出門(mén)與他人接觸的活動(dòng)。 But sometimes being face to face is too much. I see a friend and her ringing laughter is intolerable - the noise of conversation in the restaurant, unbearable. I make my excuses and flee.

24、I re-enter my apartment and run to the puter as though it were a place of safety. 但有時(shí)面對(duì)面地與人相處實(shí)在難以忍受。我與一位朋友見(jiàn)面，她那種響亮的笑聲讓人忍無(wú)可忍飯店里的噪雜談話聲也讓人受不了。我找了個(gè)藉口逃之夭夭。我重新回到我的公寓，沖向電腦，似乎那兒才是一個(gè)安全的地方。 I click on the modem, the once-annoying sound of the connection now as pleasant as my favorite tune. I enter my password

25、. The real world disappears. 我點(diǎn)擊鼠標(biāo)，打開(kāi)調(diào)制解調(diào)器，曾經(jīng)聽(tīng)了就煩的連接聲此刻聽(tīng)起來(lái)就如同最心愛(ài)的曲子那么悅耳。我鍵入密碼。真實(shí)世界轉(zhuǎn)瞬便消逝了。UNIT 51. 田徑比賽 track and field petition2. 俯瞰 a birds eye view3. 深呼吸 take a deep breath4. 像雄鷹一樣翱翔 soar like an eagle5. 如出一轍; 不謀而合 coincide with6. 每隔一天 every other day/on alternate days7. 農(nóng)場(chǎng)雜活 farm chores8. 有一次 on

26、one occasion9. 站著 on ones feet10. 沒(méi)有意識(shí)到 unaware of11. 仰面躺著 lie on ones back12. 對(duì)慚愧 be ashamed of13. 感到 fill ones mind with14. 擺脫緊X情緒 shake the tension15. 在內(nèi)心的最深處 from the deepest depths of ones soul16. 在這種時(shí)候 at a time like this17. 舒展；伸展 stretch out18. 緩緩移動(dòng) in slow motion19. 使回到現(xiàn)實(shí)中 bring sb. back to

27、earth20. 想象 see in ones minds eyeThe runway felt different this time. It startled him for a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. Thats only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment fil

28、led his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasnt working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate description. What was he going to do? He had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere,

29、 and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths. 這一回，那跑道顯得有些異樣。剎那間，他感到一陣驚嚇。一種惶惑不安的感覺(jué)向他襲來(lái)。橫桿升在高出他個(gè)

30、人最高紀(jì)錄9英寸的高度。他想，這一高度與全國(guó)紀(jì)錄只差1英寸了。這一刻緊X異常，他感到焦慮不安。他想擺脫緊X情緒。沒(méi)有用。他更緊X了。在這種時(shí)刻怎么會(huì)這樣呢，他暗暗思忖著。他有點(diǎn)膽怯起來(lái)。說(shuō)是恐懼也許更為恰當(dāng)。怎么辦？他以前從來(lái)不曾有過(guò)這種感覺(jué)。這時(shí)，不知不覺(jué)地，在內(nèi)心最深處，出現(xiàn)了他母親的身影。為什么是在這一刻？記憶中，母親在這種時(shí)刻會(huì)怎樣做呢？很簡(jiǎn)單。母親過(guò)去總跟他說(shuō)，當(dāng)你覺(jué)得緊X、焦慮、甚至害怕的時(shí)候，就深深地吸氣。 So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his

31、 feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was

32、 his time to fly. 于是他深深吸了一口氣。在擺脫腿部肌肉緊X的同時(shí)，他輕輕地把撐竿放在腳邊。他開(kāi)始舒展雙臂和上身。剛才飄過(guò)一陣輕風(fēng)，此刻消失了。他小心翼翼地拿起撐竿，只覺(jué)得心怦怦在跳。他相信觀眾們的心也在怦怦跳動(dòng)。場(chǎng)上鴉雀無(wú)聲，令人透不過(guò)氣來(lái)。當(dāng)他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)遠(yuǎn)處飛鳥(niǎo)啼鳴時(shí)，他知道，自己飛身起躍的時(shí)刻到了。UNIT 6把改成 convert into對(duì)一無(wú)所知 dont know the first thing about把區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái) distinguish from渴望獨(dú)立 be craving independence不禁不寒而栗 cant help shuddering 處于劣勢(shì)

33、at a disadvantage在方面 when it es to偶然闖進(jìn) stumble into輕而易舉地把它學(xué)好 it es easily to somebody 咬緊牙學(xué)好它 grit your teeth to get good at it極有可能 theres a strong chance that 把成績(jī)提高到A pull the grade up to an A恐懼的時(shí)候 moments of panic基于 be based on文化熏陶 cultural cues人不是孤島。 No man is an island毫無(wú)疑問(wèn), 不可否認(rèn) Theres no denying

34、 that與相關(guān)聯(lián) be relevant to 不容改變的結(jié)論 hard and fast conclusions生來(lái)就懂 be born knowing有敢冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而為的精神 take a leap of faith有所選擇地聽(tīng)別人的話 have a selective hearing Why are we so quick to limit ourselves? Im not denying that most little girls love dolls and most little boys love videogames, and it may be true that some

35、 people favor side of their brain, and others the left. But how relevant is that to me, or to anyone, as an individual? Instead of translating our differences into hard and fast conclusions about the human brain, why cant we focus instead on how incredibly flexible we are? Instead of using what we k

36、now as a reason why women cant learn physics, maybe we should consider the possibility that our brains are more powerful than we imagine. 什么我們這么快就限制了我們自己呢？我不否認(rèn)大多數(shù)小女孩喜歡娃娃而大多數(shù)小男孩愛(ài)玩電子游戲?；蛟S真的一些人偏愛(ài)用右半腦，另一些人偏愛(ài)用左半腦。但這于我，或任何一個(gè)個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)又有多大關(guān)聯(lián)呢？為什么將男人和女人的不同歸結(jié)為不容改變的結(jié)論，說(shuō)成是與大腦有關(guān)，而不能看到我們難以置信的靈活性呢？或許我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)為我們的大腦比我們所想象的要

37、更為強(qiáng)大，而不是憑我們僅有的知識(shí)去為女人不能學(xué)物理提供一個(gè)理由。Heres a secret: math and science dont e easily to most people. No one was ever born knowing calculus. A woman can learn anything a man can, but first she needs to know that she can do it, and that takes a leap of faith. It also helps to have selective hearing. 秘密在于：對(duì)大

38、多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)并不比其他人來(lái)得更容易些。沒(méi)有人生來(lái)就懂微積分。男人能學(xué)會(huì)的，女人也能學(xué)會(huì)。但首先女人需要明白她能做到，而那需要足夠大的勇氣和自信。這也會(huì)有助于我們學(xué)會(huì)有選擇地采納別人的見(jiàn)解。UNIT 7排行榜 a hit parade嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)strictly speaking對(duì)我們真正至關(guān)重要的事 the things that really matter to us發(fā)表演說(shuō)make a speech為了加強(qiáng)效果for effect系統(tǒng)的研究a systematic study起源于 descend from提出e up with向西漂泊drift west留傳給我們pass on

39、 to us 日子過(guò)得開(kāi)心enjoy oneself撫養(yǎng)孩子rear/raise a child諾曼人征服英國(guó)the Normans conquered England平民百姓mon people印刷機(jī) a printing press大量新思想a wealth of new thinking歐洲文藝復(fù)興the European Renaissance失控be out of control付諸實(shí)施put into practice個(gè)人自由的崇尚者a respecter of the liberties of each individual 開(kāi)拓新路strike out new path培育了的

40、準(zhǔn)則nourish the principles of 人權(quán)the rights of man知識(shí)精英an intellectual eliteTwo centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many modern languages descended from a mon parent language, los

41、t to us because nothing was written down. 兩個(gè)世紀(jì)前，在印度當(dāng)法官的一位英國(guó)人注意到，梵文中有一些詞與希臘語(yǔ)、拉丁語(yǔ)中的一些詞極為相似。系統(tǒng)的研究顯示，許多現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言起源于一個(gè)共同的母語(yǔ)，但由于沒(méi)有文字記載，該母語(yǔ)已經(jīng)失傳。 Identifying similar words, linguists have e up with what they call an Indo-European parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had mon words for snow

42、, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe. Some who made the earliest move westward b

43、ecame known as the Celts, whom Caesars armies found in Britain. 語(yǔ)言學(xué)家找出了相似的詞，提出這些語(yǔ)言的源頭是他們稱(chēng)之為印歐母語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言，這種語(yǔ)言使用于公元前3500年至公元前2000年。這些人使用同樣的詞表達(dá)“雪”、“蜜蜂”和“狼”，但沒(méi)有表示“?！钡脑~。因此有些學(xué)者認(rèn)為，他們生活在寒冷的中北歐某個(gè)地區(qū)。一些人向東遷徙形成了印度和巴基斯坦的各種語(yǔ)言，有些人則向西漂泊，來(lái)到歐洲氣候較為溫暖的地區(qū)。最早西移的一些人后來(lái)被稱(chēng)作凱爾特人，亦即凱撒的軍隊(duì)在不列顛發(fā)現(xiàn)的民族。 New words came with the Germanic t

44、ribes - the Angles, the Saxons, etc. - that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th century. Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society. 新的詞匯隨日爾曼部落盎格魯、薩克遜等部落而來(lái)，他們?cè)?世紀(jì)的時(shí)候越過(guò)某定居在不列顛。他們共同形成了我們稱(chēng)之為盎格魯薩克遜的社會(huì)。 The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, includi

45、ng sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work. They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter. 盎格魯薩克遜人將他們的農(nóng)耕詞匯留傳給我們，包括sheep, ox, earth, wood, field 和work等。他們的日子一定過(guò)得很開(kāi)心，因?yàn)樗麄兞魝鹘o我們laughter一詞。 UNIT 81. 在的腹地 in the heart of2. 與和諧相處 live in harmony with3. 富足的農(nóng)場(chǎng) prosperous farm4.

46、 默默地穿越 silently cross5. 在中 in the mists of6. 令人目不暇接 delight sbs eye7. 以為食 feed on8. 蜂擁而至 pour through9. 悄悄蔓延 creep over10. 死亡的陰影 a shadow of death11. 對(duì)迷惑不解 be puzzled by12. 莫名其妙突然死去 sudden and unexplained deaths13. 出奇地安靜 a strange stillness14. 許許多多 scores of15. 開(kāi)花 e into bloom16. 幾處斑痕 a few patches17. 遭遇災(zāi)難的世界 the stricken world18. 經(jīng)歷的不幸 experience the misfortune19. 多個(gè) a substantial number of20. 想像的悲劇 imagined tragedy21. 嚴(yán)酷現(xiàn)實(shí) stark reality22. 使鴉雀無(wú)聲 silence the voices ofThere was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundi