非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化知識(shí)講解課件

1、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第1頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及其分類 1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞： 在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，叫做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；在句子中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等的動(dòng)詞，叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。We should serve the people heart and soul.She found English hard to learn.Seeing is believing.The results obtained are quite satisfactory. Please stop speaking.（謂語(yǔ)） （非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)）（主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)） （定語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)）第2頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。Non-Pred

2、icate Verbs（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三類：1. 不定式：infinitive2. 動(dòng)名詞：gerund3. 分詞： participle 現(xiàn)在分詞： present participle 過(guò)去分詞： past participle 第3頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能第4頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。第5頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。1. 不定式：infinitive Form Usage Omission of “ to” 第6頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。to do(not to do) 一般式（否定）to be doing 進(jìn)行式 主動(dòng) to have done 完成式to have been doing 完

3、成進(jìn)行式to be done 一般式 被動(dòng)to have been done 完成式 第7頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。Usage1 subject（主語(yǔ)）2 predicative（表語(yǔ)）3 object（賓語(yǔ)）4 attribute（定語(yǔ)）5 adverbial（狀語(yǔ)）6 complement（補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）第8頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。1.不定式（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)通常轉(zhuǎn)化成 “It + is/was + adj./n. + 不定式（短語(yǔ)）”, 其中it 是形式主語(yǔ)(form subject)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式（短語(yǔ)）。To master a foreign language is not easy. Its not

4、easy to master a foreign language.第9頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。It takes sb. some time 不定式It costs sb. money不定式2. 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for sb. to do sth.It is + adj./n. + for/of sb. to do sth.當(dāng)形容詞為表示“性格特征或行為表現(xiàn)”的形容詞時(shí)，介詞用of，如kind, wrong, polite, wise例如：Its very kind of you.第10頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。 as predicativeHer wish is to be a teacher.She seems to

5、 be happy.第11頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。 as objectHe loved to listen to music.I find it difficult to speak English fluently. 第12頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。下列動(dòng)詞要求不定式作賓語(yǔ)： afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, care, choose, decide, desire, demand, determine, help, hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem,

6、 strive, tend, wish, 第13頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式 介詞+特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式Where to stay has not been decided yet. （S.）She doesnt know what to do.（O. of v.）He had no idea of how to do.（O. of prep.）疑問(wèn)詞包括how, what, where, when, whether, whom, why等第14頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。 as attribute 不定式通常作后置定語(yǔ)， 而且vi.后要加介詞.There is a lot of work to do.H

7、e is the best man to consult with. 第15頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。要求不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞： ask, tell, want, expect, invite, allow, forbid, force, oblige, urge, advise, persuade(sb. to do sth.) 第16頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。有些動(dòng)詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要加to, 如： I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the

8、road.第17頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。 set phrase(固定表達(dá)）1 had better/ had best (not) do2 had rather/ had sooner do sth. than do sth.3 would rather/ would sooner do sth. than do sth.第18頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。4 would just as soon do sth. as do（寧愿也不愿 ）Eg. I would just as soon stay as go with him.5 may /might (just) as well do（還是好;還不如;不妨）6 ca

9、n not but do (不能不；不得不)Eg. I can not but admire his courage.第19頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。7 cannot choose but （只得）8 cannot help but （不得不） cannot help + doing (禁不?。? can but = can only （只得，充其量不過(guò)）Eg I cannot choose but stay. I cannot help but grieve.第20頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。set structure 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形賓補(bǔ)make / have / let / bid / leav

10、e + sb. / sth. + do常見(jiàn)感官動(dòng)詞： see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at, feel perceive etc.第21頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。Bid him go home. （叫他回家）We will have the boy mail this letter.Let there be no mistake about it. （這事可別出錯(cuò)）Leave him go. （放他走）第22頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。連詞 (than, as) 或介詞 (except, but, besides , save) 前有 do 的某種形

11、式則可以省略 to; 反之則不省。I did no more than make a beginning.I have no choice but to accept the fact.My dog does everything except speak.第23頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。作表語(yǔ)的不定式:若主語(yǔ)中有do的某種形式，可省略to也可以不省.All I did was (to) hit him on the head.The only thing we can do is (to) encourage him to try again.The only thing to do is (to) e

12、ncourage him to try again.第24頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。典型例題1. The project _ by the end of 2000, will expand the citys telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. a. accomplished b. being accomplished c. to be accomplished d. having been accomplished3. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yes

13、terday.a. robbed b. to have been robbed c. being robbed d. having been robbed4. Tim cannot but _ his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has in doing his project.a. ask b. to ask c. asking d. asked 第25頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。典型例題 7. Could you find someone _?a. for me to play tennis with b. for me to play

14、tennis c. play tennis with d. playing tennis 8. Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office room _.a. to send it to b. to send it c. to be sent to d. to have it send13. No one had told Smith about _ a lecture the following day.a. there be b. there would be c. there was

15、 d. there being 第26頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。Gerund（動(dòng)名詞）Form Usage Testing Structure第27頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。Forms:v-ing (主動(dòng))一般式no v-ing / not doing 否定式having done 主動(dòng)完成式 being done 被動(dòng)一般式 having been done 被動(dòng)完成式 ones doing 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)第28頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。（二）動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。1動(dòng)名詞的形式： （1）一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。（2）被動(dòng)式：He came to the par

16、ty without being invited他未被邀請(qǐng)就來(lái)到了晚會(huì)。（3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過(guò)這部電影。（4）完成被動(dòng)式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過(guò)。第29頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。（5）否定式：not + 動(dòng)名詞I regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒(méi)聽(tīng)他的勸告。（6）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ 動(dòng)名詞He suggested our tryin

17、g it once again. 他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮?。His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英語(yǔ)給他帶來(lái)許多麻煩。第30頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。Usage1 subject2 predicative3 object 4 attribute第31頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。 as S.There is no denying this.Its no use / no good / useless crying over the spilt milk. as P.His hobby is collecting ancient gold coins.第32頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。

18、as O.I have finished reading the book.She is very fond of dancing.第33頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。 as Attr.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明人或物的性能or用途現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，表明動(dòng)作進(jìn)行，是主謂關(guān)系sleeping pills a sleeping child第34頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。Testing Structure:否定式 no v-ing / not v-ing復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu): ones v-ing名詞所有格或物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞1.Its no use buying books but not reading them.2.His / Him goin

19、g there wont help much.3.I dont remember his / him giving me back that dictionary.第35頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。有些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后需接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)： anticipate, involve, remember, forget, forgive, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, regret, avoid, consider, discuss, deny, encourage, finish, like, love, resist, delay, admit，risk, 第36頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。resum

20、e, suggest, advise,allow, permit, dislike, favor, fancy, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, leave off, overlook, miss, pardon, postpone, practice, put off, prevent, prohibit, quit, recommend, 第37頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。require, resent, recall, tolerate, appreciate, stop, approach to doing, be busy doing, object to doing

21、, feel like doing, cant help doing, prefer doing A to doing B,第38頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。Participle 分詞Form UsageTesting Structure第39頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。 Present Participlev-ing (主動(dòng))一般式 not v-ing 否定式 having done 主動(dòng)完成式 being done 被動(dòng)一般式 having been done 被動(dòng)完成式 第40頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。 Past Participle v-ed (被動(dòng))一般式 not v-ed 否定式第41頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。Usage1 Pred

22、icative2 Attribute3 Adverbial4 Complement第42頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。三.分詞的用法 (現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞)1.作表語(yǔ) (具有形容詞的特征）This book is very interesting .This play is very moving and instructive.The cups are broken. / He is married.比較：The spirit is inspiring the people all over the country.His report is inspiring.第43頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。as predicati

23、veMy pencil was broken. (過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)狀態(tài))Her speech was quite stirring. (現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)性質(zhì))第44頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。as attributeA lost opportunity never returns.The woman sitting at the desk is his secretary.The material used is cement.注:分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)可以轉(zhuǎn)化成定語(yǔ)從句第45頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。3.作狀語(yǔ)Lying on the ice ,I would soon die.(時(shí)間)I struggled to

24、my knees, knowing that some how I had to put my tent up for shelter.(伴隨)His parents died ,leaving him an orphan.結(jié)果)Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning , I decided to do an experiment. (分詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)).United, we stand; divided, we fall.Inspired by the spirit of the hero ,they

25、worked even harder.第46頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。 分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子主語(yǔ)一致. Seeing the professor, the students smiled and said good morning to him. Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.第47頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。as complementa O.C. （賓補(bǔ))I am sorry Ive kept you waiting.I have my hair cut once a month. (謂語(yǔ) v.多為使役 v.和感官 v.)b S.C. (

26、主補(bǔ)）She was seen going up stairs.The work was left half done.第48頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。Testing Structure1 Participle as Adverbial 2 Absolute Structure 第49頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)?，F(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:Please fill in this form, giving your name, address, etc.Inspired by the spirit of the hero ,they worked even harder.一般來(lái)說(shuō) 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的意思; 過(guò)去分詞表

27、示被動(dòng)的意思.第50頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是分詞作狀語(yǔ)的一種特殊形式: 分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),無(wú)論是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，是一般式還是完成式，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。否則，分詞前必需有自己的主語(yǔ)，即用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。第51頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。 The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after he

28、r.with 獨(dú)立主格:He stared at his friend with his mouth wide openWith you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed 第52頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。2 have之后的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have sb. do sth. 叫某人做某事have sth. Done 使某事被(他人)做have sb. done 使某人被他人做某事have sb. doing sth. 聽(tīng)任某人做某事第53頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。Ill have him do it.I have my hair cut every month.You ought

29、 to have her examined by the doctor.I wont have you saying that.第54頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別1.語(yǔ)態(tài)上不同 an exciting story /an excited person a moving film /a moved audience。2.時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同developing countries/developed countriesthe changing world /the changed worldboiling water /boiled water第55頁(yè)，共61頁(yè)。注意：.to do 和 doing 作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)用法相同。表示泛指意義的行為時(shí)多用動(dòng)名詞（也可用to do）但表示具體的行為（特別是將來(lái)的行為）時(shí)，必須用to do。Seeing is believing 。His hobby is collecting stamps。Her wish is to become a singer。