高中英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句用法詳解

1、狀語(yǔ)從句用法詳解在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句。一般可分為：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀 語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句。I時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作用的從句。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句位置靈活，可以在句首，也可在句末）常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有： when, while, as, after, before , until/till,since, as soon as, immediately, the moment, every time,whenever 等。when, while, aswhen

2、”當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，表示主從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或先后緊接著發(fā)生。was very happy when I heard from you.收到你的信時(shí)我非常高興。When you deal with them, you should be cautious.跟他們打交道時(shí)，你應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。When I was young, I went to town myself.當(dāng)我還年輕時(shí)，我自己獨(dú)自去城里。（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）When I lived in country, I used to carry some water for him

3、.我住在農(nóng)村時(shí)，常常為他擔(dān)水。（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）When he received the letter, hell tell us.當(dāng)他接到信后，他會(huì)告訴我們的。（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly.火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，所有的學(xué)生正在熟睡。（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）注意：當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而且其主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，其表語(yǔ)又是一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，就可以用由as引導(dǎo)的省略句來(lái)代替 when弓I導(dǎo)的從句。如:As a young man ( =When he was a young man ) , h

4、e was fond of hunting.他年輕時(shí)喜歡打獵。while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，側(cè)重主 句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比。My father was preparing a report while I was playing games.爸爸在準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)報(bào)告，而我在玩游戲。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.別人在工作時(shí)，別高聲談話。as表示從句和主句的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同時(shí)發(fā)生，可譯為“一邊.,一邊.或“隨著.He hurried home, looking behind as he

5、went.他匆匆忙忙回家去，一邊走一邊回頭望。As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.隨著時(shí)間的推移，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和了。注意：如果主句表示的是短暫動(dòng)作，而從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正 在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，此時(shí) when, while 與as可互換使用。When/ While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.當(dāng)我沿大街行走時(shí)，碰巧遇到了我的一個(gè)老朋友。2. till, until和 not. until1）肯定句：主句的謂

6、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句、從句都為肯定式，意為“某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某時(shí)間點(diǎn)才停止”。He remained there until/ till she arrived.他在那一直等到她來(lái)。You may stay here until/ till the rain stops.你可以待在這里直到雨停。2）否定句：主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，從句為肯定式，意為“某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開(kāi)始。構(gòu)成not.until/till ,意為“直到才”。She didnt go to bed until I come back.你必須留在這兒直到我回來(lái)。Dont worry. We wont set of

7、f until you arrive.不要擔(dān)心，你到了我們?cè)俪霭l(fā)。till不可以置于句首，而 until可以。Until you told me the news, I had no idea of it.直到你告訴我，我才知道這個(gè)消息。not.until句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝用法。直到你告訴我，我才知道這件事。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.倒裝句型： Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.（not until 置于句首，主句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)）Not

8、until the clock struck 12 did she realize she must go home at once.直到鐘敲了 12下，她才意識(shí)到她必須馬上回家了。before） before作“沒(méi)有來(lái)得及.就”“未.就”“.就.”解時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生得過(guò)早或過(guò)快。Someone called me up in the night, but they hung up before I could answer the phone.有人半夜給我打電話，但我還未來(lái)得及接他們就把電話掛了。They had talked only a few minutes befo

9、re they found they were quite different in opinion.他們才談了幾分鐘就發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的意見(jiàn)很不一致。) before作”. 才.”解時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生得太慢或太 晚。The bus driver almost knocked me down before he saw me.那位公交車司機(jī)差一點(diǎn)把我撞倒，他才看見(jiàn)我。The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters were able to control it.大火持續(xù)了大約四個(gè)小時(shí)，消防員才把火控制住。) before

10、可譯為“趁” “以免” “以防”等。Ill do it before I forgot it.趁還沒(méi)有忘，我現(xiàn)在就把這事做了。Wed better finish the work in time before the boss scolds us.我們最好按時(shí)完成工作，免得挨老板罵。) before可譯為“(寧可 而)不愿”。Hed die before he apologizes to them.他寧死也不向他們道歉。Id give up the plan before I turn to him for help.我寧可放棄計(jì)劃也不向他求助。注意：“It + be + 一段時(shí)間+ befo

11、re從句”中的主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)有兩種情況：如果主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，意為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后某事即將發(fā)生”；It wont be long before we meet again.不久我們就會(huì)再見(jiàn)的。如果主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用過(guò)去時(shí)，意為“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后某事才發(fā)生”。It was 3 years before he came back from abroad.三年后他才從國(guó)外回來(lái)。since譯為“自從.”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。）若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性的過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的那一刻起”，這種情況比較常見(jiàn)。He has stud

12、ied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來(lái)到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。2）若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)，則隊(duì)句表示的時(shí)間是“從那持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。I havent heard any noise since I slept.我醒后還未聽(tīng)到任何聲音。（sleep為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，該動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)，即“醒來(lái)”時(shí)）He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來(lái)，他屢次給我寫信。（從句謂語(yǔ)為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）He has written to me

13、frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來(lái)，他就屢次給我寫信。（從句謂語(yǔ)為終止性動(dòng)詞）as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, theinstant,no sooner. than. , hardly/scarcely. when.和 once （ 就）這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即就發(fā)生，常譯作“一. 就.從句中用一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was comi

14、ng.我一聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音，我就知道父親來(lái)了。No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我們一到車站，火車就離站了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一見(jiàn)到他媽媽便放聲大哭。注意：no sooner.than; hardly. when.這一結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)搭配：no sooner 與hardly引導(dǎo)的句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而than與when弓I導(dǎo)的句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。此外：當(dāng)把no sooner和hardly提到句首時(shí)，應(yīng)用

15、倒裝語(yǔ)序。had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我一到家天就下起雨來(lái)。every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名詞短語(yǔ)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“每當(dāng).；每次.；下次.”等。Every/ Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每當(dāng)我處于困境，他就會(huì)來(lái)幫助我。Next time you

16、 come, do remember to bring your son here.下次你來(lái)的時(shí)候，一定記著把你兒子帶來(lái)。The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.上次她看見(jiàn)詹姆斯的時(shí)候，他正躺在床上。名詞性短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間的名詞短語(yǔ)也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，且意義豐富，如：any time 任何時(shí)候都 by the time 到 時(shí)候every time/ each time 每當(dāng) 時(shí) the frist time 第次 時(shí)I think of the things and the people when we stu

17、died there every time I go bymy mother School.每當(dāng)我經(jīng)過(guò)母校時(shí)都會(huì)想起我們?cè)谀莾簩W(xué)習(xí)時(shí)的事情和人們。II地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的從句稱為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 常用 的引 導(dǎo)詞有 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere,nowhere等。Make marks where you have questions.在有問(wèn)題的地方作出標(biāo)記。You can go anywhere you like.你可以到你想去的任何地方。Where there is a will, there is

18、a way.有志者事竟成。注意：地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句前應(yīng)有一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的詞作先行詞；而狀語(yǔ)從句前則無(wú)需用先行詞。Go back where you came from.你從何處來(lái)回何處去。（where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）Go back to the village where you came from.回到你來(lái)的那個(gè)村子里去。（where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 village ）Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.（狀語(yǔ)從句）Youd better make a mark at the p

19、lace where you have any questions.（定語(yǔ)從句）where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般可以轉(zhuǎn)化為定語(yǔ)從句，只要在 where前加上“to/in/from+the place/places/any place（s）等“ 結(jié)構(gòu)即可。III讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有although, though, as, even if, even though, while,whether.or.,whether，.）or not, whatever, no matter what/ how/ why等。though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句） although和t

20、hough意義相同，都意為“雖然，即使，表示讓步，一般情況下可互換使用，區(qū)別在于although語(yǔ)氣較重，大多置于句首。） though/ although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句若用yet或still 引出，更加強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比性，但不可出現(xiàn)but 0） though引導(dǎo)的從句可以把表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞等提至句首。在as though, even though中一般不可用although代替。同時(shí)although不可當(dāng)副詞用，而though則可。Although its raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫?。Short

21、though it is, the article is very important.那篇文章雖然很短，但很重要。注意：though還可用作副詞，意為“可是，然而，置于句末。He said he would come; he didnt, though.他說(shuō)他會(huì)來(lái)，可是沒(méi)有來(lái)。even though/ even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)表示語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)的讓步，常常意為“再退一步說(shuō)”。even though更強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)“既成事實(shí)”的讓步：Even though he is poor, she loves him. (= He is poor, yet she loves him.)盡管他很窮，

22、但她還是愛(ài)他。even if 則強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)“假設(shè)”的讓步。Even if he is poor, she loves him. (= He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很窮，但她還是愛(ài)他。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)以及謂語(yǔ)中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞需提前至從句句首, 作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前如有冠詞，冠詞需要省去。Child as/ though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a child, he knew what was the ri

23、ght thing to do.雖然他是一個(gè)孩子，但他知道該做什么。Much as/ though I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive.雖然我很喜歡它，但我不會(huì)買，因?yàn)樗F了。Try as you may, you will never succeed.你盡管試，但你絕不會(huì)成功的。注意：though引導(dǎo)的從句也可以像 as引導(dǎo)的從句一樣用倒裝語(yǔ)序，但是although引導(dǎo)從句只能用正常語(yǔ)序Smart though/ as she is, she doesnt study hard.Though she is smart, she d

24、oesnt study hard.Although she is smart, she doesnt study hard.whether. or/ whether (.) or not引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句whether. or/ whether (.) or not表示 “不論是否” “不管是 還是”之意。該復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示正反兩個(gè)方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.不管你忙不忙，都必須要參加這個(gè)典禮。Whether you believe it or n

25、ot, its true.無(wú)論你是否相信，這都是真的。while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“盡管，比though/ although 語(yǔ)氣弱。while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句一般要位于句首。While I like the color, I dont like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色，但不喜歡那形狀。While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.雖然我理解你的意思，但我還是不同意。what-ever類詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句在英語(yǔ)中，wh-ever類詞可作疑問(wèn)詞，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步

26、狀語(yǔ)從句。這類詞在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)?？蓳Q成“ no matter+wh-詞”，但在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只 能用 wh-ever 類詞。Ill wait for you however (no matter how) late it is.不管有多晚我都會(huì)等著你。Whoever (No matter) you are, you must keep the law.不管你是誰(shuí)，你都要遵紀(jì)守法。注意：“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而 wh-ever類詞還可以引導(dǎo)名 詞性從句或其他狀語(yǔ)從句。Ill eat whatever you give me.你給我吃什么，我就吃什么。(w

27、hat引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)Whoever comes will be welcome.不管誰(shuí)來(lái)都受到歡迎。(whoever引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句)IV原因狀語(yǔ)從句在主句中作原因狀語(yǔ)的從句稱為原因狀語(yǔ)從句，可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的常用詞可分為兩類：?jiǎn)卧~引導(dǎo)如because, as, since 等，短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)如now that, for the reason that, in that, seeing that等。because, as, since 用法這三詞都有“因?yàn)椤敝?，但用法和具體內(nèi)涵各異。) because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，用以回答 why弓I起的提問(wèn)，可表示已知或未知的事實(shí)。它可和 強(qiáng)調(diào)

28、詞only, merely, just 及否定詞not連用，所引導(dǎo)的從句常位于主句之后， 只有強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)才置于主句之前。它還可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。She was afraid to move because a snake was lying beside her.她不敢動(dòng)彈，因?yàn)橐粭l蛇就躺在她旁邊。一Why did they fail? 他們?yōu)槭裁词。恳籌t was because they didnt do their best.因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)盡力。) as語(yǔ)氣弱，較口語(yǔ)化，所表達(dá)的原因比較明顯，或是已知的事實(shí)，故不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)。as從句之前不可用強(qiáng)調(diào)詞和 not,且不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，as從句多置于主句之

29、前。As he was in a hurry, he left his bag home.由于他太匆忙才把包丟在家里了。As it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut.由于這是一個(gè)公共假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。) since的語(yǔ)氣比較弱，常表示對(duì)方已知的事實(shí)，往往相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“既然” 。它和as 一樣，其前亦不可用強(qiáng)調(diào)詞和 not ,不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，since從句多置于主句之前。Since Monday is Bobs birthday, lets give him a party.既然星期一是鮑勃的生日，咱們舉行一個(gè)宴會(huì)吧。Since

30、you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?既然你今晚沒(méi)事，為什么不來(lái)和我下棋呢？注意：上述三個(gè)詞為從屬連詞，而for是一個(gè)并列連詞。for有時(shí)可用來(lái)作附加說(shuō)明，必須把其引起的句子放在某一句子之后。We should be more careful, for it is already dark.天已晚了，我們應(yīng)更小心些。now that 的用法now that主要用于口語(yǔ)，表示微弱的原因，主、從句的因果關(guān)系不明顯，常譯為“既然”。that有時(shí)可以省略。Now that you have come, you may

31、as well stay.既然你已經(jīng)來(lái)了，最好留下來(lái)Now that everything is settled, I have no reason here.既然事情辦完了，我就沒(méi)有理由留在這兒了。for the reason that 的用法that 后是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明 reason的內(nèi)容。I often go to the concert for the simple reason that I love music.我經(jīng)常去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)，原因很簡(jiǎn)單，那就是我喜歡音樂(lè)。For the reason that I havent worked hard, Ill have to cra

32、m before the coming examinations.由于平時(shí)不努力，考試前我只好臨時(shí)抱佛腳。in that 的用法這個(gè)短語(yǔ)常用于書面語(yǔ)中，表示“由于某種原因” 。The experiment is worth trusting in that it is based on scientific facts.這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)值得信賴，因?yàn)樗墙⒃诳茖W(xué)事實(shí)基礎(chǔ)上的。I like the city, but I prefer the country in that theres fresher air.我喜歡城市，但我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村，因?yàn)槟抢镉懈逍碌目諝?。that后的從句be happy th

33、at, be surprised that等中的that從句有時(shí)也被認(rèn)為是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Im sorry that I havent done so much as I should.對(duì)不起我沒(méi)有做我該做的那么多。We feel proud that our country is getting stronger and stronger.我們?yōu)槲覀兊膰?guó)家越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大而感到自豪。V方式狀語(yǔ)從句as, as在主句中作方式狀語(yǔ)的從句稱為方式狀語(yǔ)從句。方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用的引導(dǎo)詞有if/though 等。as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。You must do the experiment as I do.你要像我這

34、樣做實(shí)驗(yàn)。You are fine just as you are.你現(xiàn)在這樣子就好極了。as if/ though引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。1 ） as if/ though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的情況是事實(shí)或具有很大可能性時(shí)，通常用陳述語(yǔ)氣；She closed her eyes as if she was tired.她閉上了眼睛好像累了。（事實(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣）2）如果從句所表示的情況不是事實(shí)，而是主觀的想象或夸張性的比喻，通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。（現(xiàn)在的情況用過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)，過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。）They completely ignore these facts as if/ though th

35、ey never existed.他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它們從未存在過(guò)。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。）注意：as if/though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)或無(wú)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見(jiàn)我試的。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要說(shuō)什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。VI條件狀語(yǔ)從句在主句中作條

36、件狀語(yǔ)的從句稱為條件狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞有if, unless, as/ so long as, once, in case, oncondition that,supposing (that), providing (that), provided (that), given (that)等。注意：在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái) 時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句if是引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句最常用的連詞，表示在某種條件下很可能發(fā)生某事。If you ask him, he will help you.如果你請(qǐng)他幫忙，他會(huì)

37、幫你的。If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考試不及格，你會(huì)讓他失望的。unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句unless 意為“除非，若不”。You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.除非你早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，否則你就不能及時(shí)趕到那兒。Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨，否則比賽將照常進(jìn)行。on condition (that)引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句on condition (that)引導(dǎo)的條件從句是主句事件發(fā)

38、生的前提條件或唯一條件，意為“在條件下”I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret.我可以告訴你真相，條件是你答應(yīng)保守秘密。I will do it on condition that you help me.只要你肯幫助我，我就愿意做此事。supposing/ provided等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句supposing/ proving/ provided/ given (that)可以用作連詞，意為 “如果” ，弓I導(dǎo)的條件從句表示一種假設(shè)條件。Supposing (that) it ra

39、ins, shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨，我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行嗎？Providing/ Supposing/ Given/ Provided (that) you promise not to tell anyone else,Ill tell youThe details.只要你保證不告訴任何人，我就把細(xì)節(jié)告訴你。in case引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句in case引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句常放在主句前，表示“如果，假使”。In case he comes, tell him to wait a while.如果他來(lái)了，讓他等一下。In case a

40、nything important happens, please call me up.萬(wàn)一發(fā)生什么重要事情，請(qǐng)給我打電話。as/ so long as 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句as/ so long as 意思是 “只要”。So long as youre happy, it doesnt matter what you do.只要你高興，你做什么都沒(méi)關(guān)系。As/ So long as we dont lose heart, well overcome any difficulty.只要我們不灰心，我們就會(huì)克服一切困難。once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句once是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一旦，

41、一 .就”，從句可置于主句前或后。Once virtue is lost, all is lost.一旦道德丟失了，什么都丟失了。Once you show any fear, the dog will attack you.一旦你露出怯意，這條狗就會(huì)撲向你。VII目的狀語(yǔ)從句在主句中作目的狀語(yǔ)的從句稱為目的狀語(yǔ)從句。常用來(lái)弓 I導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的有so, so that, in order that, for fear that, in case(that), for thepurpose that, lest 等。in order that, so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句兩個(gè)連詞都意為“

42、以便.；為了.”，它們引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中需要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如may/ might/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ can/ could等。They carved the words on the stone so that/ in order that the future generation should/ mightremember what they had done.他們把名字刻在石頭上以便后代能記住他們的所作所為。in order that常用于正式文體，引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可置于主句之前或之后。In order that we might see the sunr

43、ise, we started for the peak early.為了能看到日出，我們很早就出發(fā)去了山頂。so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后，其中 that有時(shí)可以省略。We climbed high so (that) we might get a better view.我們爬高以便于能看到更好的景色。for fear (that), in case, lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句for fear (that) 表示“害怕/擔(dān)心發(fā)生某事”；We had a meeting and talked the matter face to face, for fear that there

44、 should be anymisunderstanding.我們開(kāi)了一個(gè)面對(duì)面的會(huì)議討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題，以免引起誤會(huì)。in case表示以防(萬(wàn)一)發(fā)生某種情況。Lest意為“以防”。Take an umbrella with you in case/ lest it should rain.帶著傘以防下雨。注意：目的狀語(yǔ)從句與不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)的互換。當(dāng)so that, in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可將狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式作狀語(yǔ)。如果主語(yǔ)不一致，轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)則需在不定式前加for短語(yǔ)作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。前面兩個(gè)例句可分別改為：They carved the wor

45、ds on the stone on order for the future generation to remember whatthey had done.We climbed high so as to get a better view.VIII結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句在主句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的從句稱為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，通常位于主句之后，常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀 語(yǔ)從句 的引導(dǎo) 詞或短語(yǔ)有：that, so, so that, so.that.,such that, such.that. 等。so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，在引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中往往含

46、有一些如 can/could/may/might/will/would/shall等的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；而引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，里面通常不需要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。We moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy and dull city.我們搬到了鄉(xiāng)下，以便遠(yuǎn)離吵鬧、單調(diào)的城市。He spoke at the top of his voice so that the students at the back heard him.他用最大的聲音講話，后面的學(xué)生都聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了。so. that.引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so + 形容詞/副詞 + that

47、從句Lisa left home so hurriedly that she left her cellphone home.麗薩出門時(shí)太匆忙，結(jié)果將手機(jī)忘在家里了。so + 形容詞 + a/an + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式 + that 從句Tom is so kind a boy that they all like to make friends with him.湯姆是一個(gè)如此好的男孩以至于他們都愿和他交朋友。so + many/ much/ few/ little +名詞 + that 從句There is so little time left that we have to speed

48、 up.幾乎沒(méi)時(shí)間了，我們只好加快速度。such.that.引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句such + a/an + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式 + that 從句He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.他是一個(gè)如此好的老師，我們大家都尊敬他。such + 形容詞+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 /不可數(shù)名詞 + that 從句These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer.這些問(wèn)題如此難，以致我們每人能回答。We had such terrible weather that

49、 we couldnt finish the work on time.天氣這么糟以致我們沒(méi)能按時(shí)完成工作。so. that. 與 such. that. 的區(qū)別1） so是副詞，其修飾的中心詞是形容詞、副詞；such是形容詞，其修飾的中心詞是名詞。He spoke so fast that no one understand him.他說(shuō)話太快了，結(jié)果沒(méi)人能聽(tīng)懂。They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect.他們是非常好的老師，我們都很尊敬他們。2）名詞前有 many, much, few, little

50、等修飾時(shí)用so。He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare.他的工資很少，他的家人不得不靠救濟(jì)金生活。3）單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí)用so或such均可，但在so.that 中，不定冠詞位于形容詞后，在such.that中不定冠詞位于形容詞前。Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him.=Jack is such an honest worker that we all believe him.杰克是一個(gè)如此誠(chéng)實(shí)的工人，我們都相信他。注意：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞或

51、副詞，so/such.that.引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，可把 so/such部分置于句首，主句用倒裝語(yǔ)序。So excited was he that he could not fall into sleep.他太激動(dòng)以致無(wú)法入睡。Such good news did we get that everyone was excited.我們得到這么好的消息，以至每個(gè)人都很興奮。IX比較狀語(yǔ)從句在主句中作比較狀語(yǔ)的從句稱為比較狀語(yǔ)從句，一般位于句尾。比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用 as.as, not as/so.as., than等連詞引導(dǎo)?！皌he +比較級(jí).，the +比較級(jí).”結(jié)構(gòu)也可引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。.同

52、級(jí)比較同級(jí)比較常用“ as. as.”結(jié)構(gòu)。He speaks English as well as you do.他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得和你一樣好。He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.他醒得和入睡一樣突然。.不同級(jí)比較不同級(jí)比較常用“ not as/so.as.”結(jié)構(gòu)。His handwriting is not as good as yours (is).他的書法不如你的好。He doesnt speak English as well as you do.他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得不如你好。.差級(jí)或最高級(jí)比較差級(jí)或最高級(jí)比較常用結(jié)構(gòu)“ .than.He wa

53、s more successful than we had expected.他比我們想象的要成功得多。He can earn no more money than you can.他掙的錢和你掙的一樣多。.比較關(guān)系的狀語(yǔ)從句比較關(guān)系的狀語(yǔ)從句常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“ the +比較級(jí).，the +比較級(jí).”。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心出的錯(cuò)越少。The sooner you are back, the better it will be.那你回來(lái)得越早越好。注意：what/as也可引導(dǎo)對(duì)稱或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的狀語(yǔ)從句。Food is to men what/ as oil is to machine.食物之于人，猶如油之于機(jī)器。Engines are to machines what/ as hearts are to animals.引擎對(duì)于機(jī)器而言就好比心臟對(duì)動(dòng)物一樣。狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略在表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式、比較或讓步等的狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果謂語(yǔ)含有動(dòng)詞be,主語(yǔ)又和主句的 主語(yǔ)一致，或其主語(yǔ)是it ,那么從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分(尤其是be動(dòng)詞)往往可以省略。使用這些省略結(jié)構(gòu)可達(dá)到言簡(jiǎn)意賅的作用。常用的狀語(yǔ)從句的省略 式如下：“從屬連詞+名詞”式Though (he is