英語(yǔ)九大詞性歸納修訂稿

1、英語(yǔ)九大詞性歸納集團(tuán)檔案編碼：YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08九大詞性L noun(n.) 名詞：to describe a person or thing 英語(yǔ)中的名詞根據(jù)是否可數(shù)乂分為可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞。 (1)可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞規(guī)則變化：規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加-S如：pens、girls以 “s, x, ch, sh” 結(jié) 尾加-es如：bus-buses、box-boxesWatch-watchesdish-dishes以輔音字母-y結(jié)尾變y改i再加es如：baby-babies、 family-families以元音字母-y結(jié)尾加-s如：boy-boys

2、day-days以輔音字母-。結(jié)尾加一es如：potatoes、 tomatoes以元音字母-。結(jié)尾加-S如：photos以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f或fe為V再加es如：half-halves、 wife-wives thief-thieves可數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則變化A、單復(fù)數(shù)同形：deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheepB、詞尾發(fā)生變化：ox-oxen child-childrenC、內(nèi)部單詞發(fā)生變化：foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese woman-women man-men mouse-micepoliceman-polieemenD、表示某國(guó)人時(shí)

3、，中日不變,英法變，其他國(guó)家加s：（1）Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese（2）Frenchman- Frenchmen Englishman- Englishmen（3）German-Germans Ru s s i an-Ru s s i an s Americans特殊情況.另一些名詞本身即是復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可用作單數(shù)。如：people, police, trousers, pants, clothes, scissors.有些名詞以s結(jié)尾，但不是復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：news, maths, physics, politics iii.有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞又是不可數(shù)

4、名詞，如：room （空間）一a room （房間）work （工作）一works （著作）（2）不可數(shù)名詞：（前面不能用a, an等來(lái)修飾）到目前為止我們所學(xué)的不可數(shù)名詞有：A 液體類:water： juice, tea , soup , milk, cola, coffeeB 肉類:meat, beef, pork, muttonC粉末類：breadD 抽象名詞類 news, information, money, advice, friendship, work, homework, housework schoolwork , help ,fun,health,priceE 食物類：f

5、ood, broccoli, rice, porridge, junk food , tofu不可數(shù)名詞計(jì)量的表達(dá)：A個(gè)數(shù)單位詞:piece （張、片、塊、條），如：a piece of newsB 容器單位詞：bottle （瓶），bag （包），box （盒、箱）如：a bottle of milkC類別單位詞:kind（種、類）D度量衡單位詞：kilo(千克、公斤)翻譯下面的詞組:L兩杯咖啡：2.四塊面包：3.七袋大米：4.八只鹿：5.一滴水：6.三個(gè)男孩：(3)名詞所有格(翻譯為：的)：構(gòu)成方法例句一般在有生命名詞后加s構(gòu)成Linda s desk若以s結(jié)尾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則在S后加S,若

6、不是以S結(jié)尾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則加Sthe boys friends the children s day表示兒個(gè)人共同的東西，只在最后一個(gè)人后 加SLucy and Lily s mother表示幾個(gè)人都分別有的東西，則每個(gè)人都 加SLucy s and Lily s book表示時(shí)間、距離的名詞可以加S或構(gòu) 成所有格形式Today s newspaperFifteen minutes walk表示某人的家、店鋪、診所時(shí)，常省略所有 格后面的名詞at my uncle s =at my uncle s home表示無(wú)生命事物的所有關(guān)系：一般用.of.結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示無(wú)生命的名詞所有格:a map of C

7、hina 中國(guó)地圖 the name of the film 書的封面the cover of the book電影的名字 1用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：The two girls are ( Japan )The( baby ) are asleep3. Do you know the two( man teacher )當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞作定語(yǔ)說(shuō)明另一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般用單數(shù)。eg.an apple tree, five apple trees, a girl friend, two girl friends, a twin sister但是，當(dāng)man和woman作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，就要用

8、其復(fù)數(shù)形式。eg. two men teachers, three women doctorsThe ( child ) are washing their ( foot ).There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields .September 10 is ( teacher ) Day .I think physics ( be )more interesting than mathsDon t you think the ( radio ) are too noisyWhose ( knife )are these“

9、 Whose house is this It s the ( Smith )” .2. verb (v.)動(dòng)詞eg. do, make, go, take, bring英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否可以加賓語(yǔ)乂分為:Vt.(及物動(dòng)詞)eg. speak, give, singVi.（不及物動(dòng)詞）eg. run, work英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞有5中形態(tài)：原形，形式，過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞（用于完成時(shí)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 中），現(xiàn)在分詞do does did done doingwork works worked worked workingI動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化（三單變化）規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形三單變化直接+shelp/make

10、helps/makes以字母s/x/ch/sh 為結(jié)尾+esguess/wash/watchguesses/washes/watches以“輔音字母+y” 為結(jié)尾，變y為 i+esstudy/carry/flystudies/carries/flie s以。為結(jié)尾的部分 單詞+esdo/godoes/goes特殊變化havehasII.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞變化（1）規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞直接+edwork/call/wantworked/called/wanted以“輔音字母+y”為結(jié) 尾，變y為i+edstudy/try/carrystudied/tried/carried

11、重讀閉音節(jié)元音+輔音結(jié) 尾+edstop/planstopped/p1anned以字母e為結(jié)尾+dlive/hopelived/hoped（2）不規(guī)則變化需要單獨(dú)記憶 III動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式變化規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞直接+inghelp/workhelping/working以e為結(jié)尾，去e加ingmake/movemaking/moving重讀閉音節(jié)元音+輔音結(jié)尾 +ingget/begingetting/beginnin g以ie為結(jié)尾，變ie為 y+inglie/die/tielying/dying/tying時(shí)態(tài)（找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞）：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：結(jié)構(gòu)：am / is / areplay

12、 / plays判斷: sometimes, often, usually, always, every, 在if / as soon as等復(fù)合句中，主將從現(xiàn) 1. If you hard, you will pass the exam.A. studiesB. studyC. will studyD. is studying現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：結(jié)構(gòu)：am / is /are playing判斷：Look, Listen, now, Where s sb?典型例題：一一Where s eom I want to go shopping with her.-She in the bedroom.A.

13、readsB. readC is readingD. has read一般過(guò)去時(shí)：結(jié)構(gòu)： was / wereplayed判斷： yesterday, last，ago 及語(yǔ)境.典型例題：一一You look tired. What did you do yesterday-I till night.A. worksB. worked一般將來(lái)時(shí)：結(jié)構(gòu)：will play判斷： tomorrow, next 及語(yǔ)境，在if /as soon as等主從復(fù)合句中，主將從現(xiàn).典型例題：She me as soon as she gets there.A. calls B. call C. calle

14、dD. will call過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：結(jié)構(gòu)： was /were playing判斷： at that time, at this time , yesterday , by+過(guò)去時(shí)間，by the end of+過(guò)去時(shí)間常用于帶有when/ while的主從復(fù)合句中. 典型例題：Mom in the kitchen when I got home.A. cooksB. cookC. was cookingD. cookedI my homework at this time yesterday .A. did B. do C. will do D. was doing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（動(dòng)作從過(guò)去持

15、續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）:結(jié)構(gòu)： has / have played判斷：just, already, yet, ever, never, so far （到目前為止）次數(shù)（once, twice）since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for +時(shí)間段，how long典型例題：He in the factory for two years.A. worksC. is workingB. workedD. has worked被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系)：主語(yǔ)+be (am/is/was/were/wi 11 be)+done如：(D The hole should(dig) deep enough. The stu

16、dents(tell) to clean the classroom.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can (could) , may (might), must , shall (should), will (would), dare (dared)敢，need等，另外,have to、had better也當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用)后加 動(dòng)詞原形ATom (come) from America. Nowhe(teach) English in a middle school in Beijing. In his free time, hewould like_ (go) in for a traditional sp

17、ortso that he can(learn) more about Chinese.BNow, people use satellitesto do many things. So far, man(invent) four kinds of satellites. One of them(use) to study the weather.(2)AHenry, a 14-year-old boy, used (be )too fat to play sports. He went to the doctor and(tell) to have a balanced diet. So he

18、 tried (not eat) too much meat or sugar because they might make himget heavier. Now he isn t fat at all. He does sports every day and (become) a member of the school soccer team. Next week Henry will take part in the school sports meet.BMy mother is very kind and easygoing, she helps me a lot. I(tak

19、e) good care of in mydaily lifeby her. When I m in trouble, she always encourages me to face my difficulties. With her help, I(become) a top student in my classalready. I believe she(be) proud of mein the near future.adjective (adj.)形容詞eg. good, beautiful, nice, happy, long 英語(yǔ)中形容詞有兩種形式：比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)eg. go

20、od- better- best nice- nicer- nicest1.比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般在詞尾加er或estgreat greatergreatest以e結(jié)尾的只加r或stnicenicernicest以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i,再加e 或esheavy easierheavier- easiestheaviest easy busy busierbusiest funny funnier funniest early earlier-pearliest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，先雙寫最末的一個(gè) 輔音字母，再加er或estbig bigger biggest ,thinthinn

21、er thinnest,fatfatterffattest, fit-fitterfittest音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞，前加more為比較級(jí)， 加（the）most為最高級(jí)careful-more carefulmost carefuluseful more useful most usefulpopular-more popular-most popular不規(guī)則變化的詞good / well-better-bestbad / ill / badlyworseworstmany / much-more-most littlelessleastoldfolder / elderoldest （指年

22、齡大?。? eldest （指長(zhǎng)幼順序）farf farther / further-farthest （指距 離）/ furthest （指程度）2.形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法（形容詞最高級(jí)前面要加定冠詞the） （1）形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的用法用于兩者比較，表示“比更”（than前加比較級(jí)）：eg.I am two years older than my little sister.用于兩者之間的同級(jí)畫7表示“和一樣”（as+原級(jí)+as）： eg.Bill is as funny as his father.表示表在某方面不如乙:“A+系動(dòng)詞+not +as / so+形容i司原級(jí)+a

23、s十B（as/so+原級(jí)+as）eg. These books aren， t as interesting as those.表示某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的三者相比:“the+最高級(jí)+of短語(yǔ)（比較范圍）+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”-eg. Penny is the tallest of these girls. . Penny 是這些女孩中最高的一 個(gè)。表示“越來(lái)越”：“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”eg. In spring the days are getting longer and longer.在春天,白天變得越 來(lái)越長(zhǎng)。表示“越越”：the+比較級(jí)the+比較級(jí)”eg. The mort： you practic

24、e using English, the better you* 11 learn it 你 英語(yǔ)練得越多，就會(huì)學(xué)得越好。在比較級(jí)中，為了避免重復(fù)，可用that或those代替前面提到過(guò)的事情。The pants in this shop are a lot better than those（=the pants） in that shop.這家商店的褲子比那家商店的褲子質(zhì)量好得多。adverb（adv.）副詞eg. fast, quickly, badly, well, happily 及頻率副詞：much, （a） little, a bit, very, so, too英語(yǔ)中副詞也有兩

25、種形式：比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)eg. fast-faster-fatest副詞可修飾動(dòng)詞與形容詞，分別放在動(dòng)詞之后，形容詞前。Eg:She speaks English well.He has a very nice watch.(1)About 20 minutes later, Lizzie managed to(success) pull herselfThe river was so polluted that it （actual） caught fireand burned.If so, you can （simple） do some online shopping.（4）They we

26、re （extreme） close!pronoun （pron.）代詞eg. this, that, it, she, he, I, you, they 英語(yǔ)中代詞有：，指示代詞人稱代詞乂有主格和，形容詞性物主代詞和I是主格作主語(yǔ)，一般位于句首。my是形容詞性物主代詞，用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)：我的，如：my bookme的賓格形式，位于動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)，如：you understand me你懂我嗎？mine是名詞性物主代詞，相當(dāng)于my+名詞的意義如：It is mine=it is my book.Mine is missing=my pen is missing.主格IyouhesheItweyo

27、uthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容詞 性物主代詞myyourhisheritsourYourtheir名詞性 物主代 詞mineYourshishersitsoursyoursTheirs帶有反身代詞的常用短語(yǔ)。teach oneself 自學(xué)help oneself to 隨便吃些吧learn. . by oneself 自學(xué) enjoy oneself 過(guò)得愉快不定代詞（1）each每個(gè)/各個(gè)”（強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體）every每個(gè)/各個(gè)”（強(qiáng)調(diào)全體）both表示兩者“都”（強(qiáng)調(diào)全體）all “全體/大家/ 一切”用于三者以上either “兩者之一”，用于兩者（強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體）

28、（either of）neither 兩個(gè)都不，用于否定兩者。（neither of）none “沒(méi)有一個(gè)人/物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可數(shù)名詞（none of+ 可數(shù)名詞）one用來(lái)代替前面剛提到的一個(gè)東西或一個(gè)人，以免重復(fù)；復(fù)數(shù)ones用來(lái) 代替前面提到的一些物或一些人few（+復(fù)數(shù)名詞），不可數(shù)名詞）表示“沒(méi)多/很少”（表否定）。a few（+復(fù)數(shù)名詞），a little（+不可數(shù)名詞）表示“有一些/有兒 個(gè)”（表肯定表1. O onethe other表示兩個(gè)人或兩件東西中的“一個(gè)另一個(gè)”O(jiān) OO#O one another表示不定數(shù)目中的“一個(gè)與“另一個(gè)”。O one the ot

29、hers強(qiáng)調(diào)在一定范圍中的一個(gè)與“其余的”。OOO somethe others表“一部分”與“其余的 全部” O 疑問(wèn)代詞who / whom 誰(shuí)（指人）.（2）whose誰(shuí)的（作定語(yǔ)）which哪一個(gè)，哪一些（指人或物）what什么（指物）preposition （prep.）介詞eg. in, on, by, at, under, behind, from, to, for, with, 介詞為英語(yǔ)中的小詞，但它們的作用可大著呢！numeral （num.）數(shù)詞eg. one, two, three, first, sencond, third數(shù)詞分為和兩類注意下列變化：(1)不規(guī)則變化

30、one-first, twosecond, three-third, five-fifth, eight- eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfih(2)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù)，變y為ie再加thtwenty- twentieth, fortyfortieth, ninety-ninetiethconjunction (conj.)連詞eg. and, but, because, so, after, before, then, 連詞連接兩個(gè)句子，并能表示兩個(gè)句子之間的關(guān)系 I從屬連詞（用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句）引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：after, since, as soon as引導(dǎo)

31、原因狀語(yǔ)從句：because, 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句：s。that, 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：so that,before, when, while, as, until, till,as, sincein order that 為(sothat, such. . that 以至于article （art.）冠詞英語(yǔ)中冠詞共3個(gè)，分為兩類：不定冠詞a an、定冠詞the （選擇時(shí)可選擇代 入翻譯）如：23. Look at horse over there.A. a B. an C. the D. /25. There is old woman in the car.A. / B. the C. a D. an不定冠詞：a an 一個(gè)”文章第一次提到的人或事物表示“每一（個(gè)），相當(dāng)于 every。（twice a week. =twice every week）定冠詞：the “那個(gè)”文章第二次提到的人或事物用在形容最高級(jí)和部分比較級(jí)前。the taller用在序數(shù)詞前。the second day of a week用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前（如太陽(yáng)、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙 等）。the ear