選修7動詞不定式與被動語態(tài)Unit2Grammar講解課件

1、GrammarPassive Voice一. 復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)(Revise the Passive Voice)英語動詞有主動語態(tài)（the active voice）和被動語態(tài)（the passive voice）兩種形式。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者; 被語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：Everyone enjoysexciting sports. (主動語態(tài)) Exciting sports are enjoyedby everyone.(被動語態(tài))轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：用公式表示為:(主動) S+V+O S(O)+V(be+ V-ed)+ by+O(S),如：Miss Liis teaching m

2、usicnow.Musicis being taught ( by Miss Li ) now.一般：bedone進行：bebeing done完成：havebeen done二、常見主被動時態(tài)變化一覽表時現(xiàn)在am/is/are given式一般進行完成am/is/are beinggivenwas/were beinggivenhas/have beengivenhad beengivenshall/will have beengiven過將去was/were given來shall/will be given1. English is spokenall over the world.2.

3、 The water isbeingturnedintovapour.3. Those rooms havenotbeencleanedyet.4. He wasseento enter the room.5. At that time they werebeingshownhow to run the machine.6. Radios hadjustbeeninventedthen, and people were talking about sending picturesby electricity.7. Madame Curie willalways berememberedas t

4、he discoverer of the element radium.8. Before you come back, the building willhave been finished.不定式被動式的用法:不定式與其邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系時,要用不定式的被動式。一般被動式即to be done表示其動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生;完成被動式即to have been done表示不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前。e.g. He ordered the bridge to be builtwithin the month.他命令在月內(nèi)建成這座橋。(一般被動式)She was

5、glad to have been givenso much help.得到如此多的幫助, 她很高興。(完成被動式)三. 動詞不定式的主動被動結(jié)構(gòu)變化一覽表一般式進行式完成式主動to doto be doingto have donetohavebeendone被to be done動More examples:(1)The meeting to be heldis of great importance.(2) The bridge tobebuiltnext year is just between the one built last year and the one being bui

6、lt now.(3) This house seems tohavebeenbuiltby a good architect.通常在believe, suppose, say, report等動詞構(gòu)成的句子中可以進行主動語態(tài)到被動語態(tài)以及被動語態(tài)和動詞不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：They say that Mike is sick in bed.It is said thatMike is sick in bed.Mike is said tobe sick in bed.據(jù)說麥克臥床不起.People believe that he was killed.It is believed thathe w

7、as killed.He is believed tohave been killed.大家相信他被殺了。二、不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動式,在句中作主語、賓語、定語,或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等。Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.(主語)Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(賓語)Hethoughtitanhonortohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.(復(fù)合賓語)Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.(復(fù)合謂語

8、)Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.(定語)三、不定式的主動形式表示被動1.在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：There is a lot of homework to do. (也可用to be done)There is no time to lose (to be lost).2. 在“npron + be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有easy, difficult, hard, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, fit, interesting, imp

9、ortant, expensive, cheap, dangerous 等。如：He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with3. 在“tooto do; enough to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：The problem is too difficult to work out/(to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.4. 在“with +n + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：With nothing to do, he lay in bedWith so m

10、any exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema5. 當不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時。如：I have a letter to type today(I是to type的邏輯主語)Do you have anything to say?(you是to say的邏輯主語)6. 當不定式隱含在for sb. to do結(jié)構(gòu)中時。例如：This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the doorwhen we leave the h

11、ouse7. 一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式。常見的這類動詞有l(wèi)et (出租), rent, hire, blame 等。例如：The house is to letI felt l was to blame.?8.不定式同疑問詞連用時.In society, I really dont know who to complete fairly with.NOTICE動詞不定式主動語態(tài)形式的使用要比被動語態(tài)形式的使用普遍, 有時(尤其在口語中)雖然意思上是被動的, 也往往用主動語態(tài)形式來表示。I have three motorsto repair today.The task is diffi

12、cult to finish on time.I. 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示將下列句子補充完整。1. He wanted the letter _ (type) to be typedat once.2. It is the first such project to be designed_ (design) by Chinese engineers.3. They knew him _ (arrest) by the to have been arrestedpolice.4. Hell show you the right path to take_ (take).5. He said he w

13、as _ (send) to be sentthere to attend an important meeting next Friday.6. She didnt want her son _ to be taken(take) away.7. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ (tell) to have been toldeverything.8. She is busy preparing for the exams _ (hold) next month.to be heldto be told9. He hu

14、rried to the station only _ (tell) that the train had left.Homework1. Go over key words and expressions. 2. Go over the grammar and do the exercise on page 14 in the textbook.2Ex.2 P.14 1. to be designed2. to be rebuilt3. to be accompaniedby4. to be known as5. to be filled with6. to be tested out7.

15、to be envied8. to be set aside3Choose the verbs in the passive to complete the passage.list divide connect attach accompany organize surround On the morning of December 10th, Marion began to writeher cards for Christmas. There were so many. She looked at the list of Christmas cardsthat she planned t

16、o send. They_were listed_ in the alphabetical order of the receiversfamily be dividednames. There were sixty in all. The cards would _into six piles of ten. She planned to write a few every afternoonBecause from then on till Christmas her time would_be organizedinto shopping, cooking as well as writ

17、ing the cards. But that afternoon there would be no time for cards. She was going to learn how to display flowers beautifully . She was _to be accompanied_ by her neighbor, Sally . They_were connected_ to a community program. Then on ChristmasDay their families would _by lovely flowerbe surroundeddisplays, excellent presents , and above all family affection. be attachedMarion _ to her family and enjoyed making them happy. Thinking of that she sighed happily and began