污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究

1、World Bank 世界銀行 Ministry of Construction PRC 中國建設(shè)部Component B 部分Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Wastewater Study Team污水項(xiàng)目組North China Water Quality Study Program中國北方城市水管理研究項(xiàng)目Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Objectives 目標(biāo) - Improving Investment & Operation Efficiencies 提高

2、投資和運(yùn)行效率Approach 研究方法 - General Investment Survey and Forecasting 總體投資分析和預(yù)測(cè) - Identify Key Issues and Constraints 確認(rèn)關(guān)鍵問題與制約因素 - Initiate Benchmarking System for WW Utilities 建立污水行業(yè)績(jī)效評(píng)估系統(tǒng)Outputs 研究成果 - Recommend Practical Options for Improvement 推薦實(shí)際可行的方案以提高投資和運(yùn)行效率Wastewater Utility Performance Study污

3、水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Study Geographic Area 研究區(qū)域 - Northern China cities in 14 provinces / municipalities above Yangtze River 長(zhǎng)江以北中國北方14個(gè)省/市Study Tasks 研究任務(wù) - Investment Survey and Forecasting 投資調(diào)研與預(yù)測(cè) - Case Studies 案例分析 - Initiate Benchmarking System 建立績(jī)效評(píng)估系統(tǒng)Investment Survey & Forecasting 投資分析與預(yù)測(cè)中國人民大學(xué)環(huán)境學(xué)院Sch

4、ool of Environment and Natural ResourcesRenmin University of ChinaInvestment Survey & Forecasting 投資分析與預(yù)測(cè)Data Sources 資料來源：China Urban Construction Statistics Yearbook中國城市建設(shè)統(tǒng)計(jì)年報(bào)Indexes 投資指標(biāo)：Sewerage Fixed-asset Investment 排水固定資產(chǎn)投資Concentrated Sewage Treatment Rate 污水集中處理率 Total Investment 投資總量：19982

5、003Sewerage fixed-asset Investment in 14 Provinces: 49.05 Billion RMB北方十四省排水固定資產(chǎn)投資總額: 490.5億元2003年14省平均污水集中處理率：29.71% Average Concentrated Sewage Treatment Rate 2003 in 14 Provinces: 29.71%14省污水處理投資與人均GDP: 2003Investment vs GDP per capita: 2003污水處理投資和流域地理位置Investment vs Location of Riverbasin投資研究發(fā)現(xiàn)M

6、ain Findings投資總量穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng) Steady Growth of Investment處理率不斷提高 Increased Treatment rate有些城市超計(jì)劃完成任務(wù) Some cities over comply with the target投資研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Main Findings地區(qū)、城市間差異很大 Big Gaps between Cities投資相對(duì)集中在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)、大城市和流域下游 Capitals concentrate in developed regions, large cities and down streams城市污水處理投資任重道遠(yuǎn) Huge dem

7、ands for the future2010年投資預(yù)測(cè)Investment Forecasting: 2010新增污水處理能力: 億元New Treatment Capacity：100 M RMB 目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)程度低中高污水集中處理率（%）556065污水處理廠建設(shè)投資額（億元）173.699226.599279.52010年新增污水管網(wǎng)投資: 億元New Sewers upto 2010：100 M RMB 目標(biāo)達(dá)到程度低中高污水集中處理率（%）556065污水管網(wǎng)投資額139.89 178.02216.27 2004-2010年污泥投資預(yù)測(cè)Sludge Treatment年份污泥處理投資（

8、億元）200479.39200581.69200683.99200786.29200888.59200990.89201093.19總計(jì)604.04建議Recommendations基于各地十五的實(shí)際水平和十一五目標(biāo)規(guī)劃投資：如黑龍江和北京 Planning investments based on both the local reality in 2005 and targets in 2010根據(jù)商業(yè)資金、財(cái)政資金和國際資金的不同功能和性質(zhì)規(guī)劃投資 Planning investment in accordance with various roles & purposes of com

9、mercial, international and financial capitals建議Recommendations以同時(shí)提高運(yùn)行能力和處理能力為目標(biāo)規(guī)劃投資 Planning investments to promote both operational & treatment capacities結(jié)合價(jià)格、稅收、財(cái)政政策改革規(guī)劃投資 Planning investment in association with ongoing pricing, taxation and fiscal policy reform建議Recommendations 國家的城市污水處理投資規(guī)劃應(yīng)充分考慮

10、各地經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、城市規(guī)模和流域上下游差異 More attention on the differences in economic development, citys size and locations of riverbasin建議Recommendations城市污水處理投資規(guī)劃應(yīng)當(dāng)與流域綜合治理規(guī)劃、污染控制規(guī)劃相結(jié)合，特別注意同流域城市的投資和建設(shè)進(jìn)度的同步，尤其是上下游城市污水處理設(shè)施投資和建設(shè)的協(xié)調(diào) Integration in riverbasin planning and coordination with cities in same riverbasin十一五投資規(guī)

11、劃應(yīng)當(dāng)立足當(dāng)?shù)兀疹權(quán)従?，統(tǒng)籌流域，改善全國 Local base, neighbor care, watershed planning, country target北方主要河流水質(zhì)情況：類及以下水質(zhì)Water Quality in Main North Rivers：IV and Worse黃河 Yellow River：2000年：28.6%2003年：69.2%，其中劣類水增加了13.6%淮河 Huai River：1998年：72%2003年：81.4% 海河 Hai River：1999年：58.5%,類及劣類水一共為49.7%2003年：類及以下水質(zhì)上升到了78.5%，僅劣類水就

12、占到53.9%。 注：數(shù)據(jù)來源：中國環(huán)境狀況公報(bào)，1999-2004年。污水處理投資與城市規(guī)模Investment vs Cities Size城市類別超大城市特大城市大城市中等城市小城市污水集中處理率（%）42.6241.7719.3618.0715.66Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Case Study案例分析(1/12) Objectives 目標(biāo)To identify the key issues and constraints inhibiting investment and operation efficiencie

13、s through detailed case studies 通過詳細(xì)的案例分析識(shí)別制約投資和運(yùn)行效率的關(guān)鍵問題和限制因素Case Study Cities 案例分析城市 9 cities with 11 WWTPs selected at different locations and populations in Hai & Huai River Basins 淮河流域和海河流域不同地區(qū)和人口規(guī)模的9 個(gè)城市的11個(gè)污水處理廠 Tianjin (天津), Shijiazhuang (石家莊) ( 2 million 百萬) Handan (邯鄲), Huainan (淮南), Tangs

14、han (唐山) (1 2 million 百萬) Bengbu (蚌埠), Fuyang (阜陽) (0.5-1.0 million 百萬) Luan (六安) (0.2 0.5 million百萬) Guoyang (渦陽) (0.2 million) Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Case Study案例分析(2/12) Case Studies in 2001 2001年研究案例分析9 cities with 16 WWTPs selected countrywide 在全國范圍內(nèi)調(diào)研了9個(gè)城市的16個(gè)污水處理廠 Wast

15、ewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Case Study 案例分析 (3/12) 11WWTPs visited in 2005 2005年調(diào)研的11個(gè)污水處理廠8 OXD 100 to 150 kcu m/d2 AS 160-260 kcu m/d 1 CASS 100 kcu m/day 16 WWTPs visited in 2001 2001年研究案例分析3 OXD 100 to 150kcu m/d4 A/O 100 to 200 kcu m/d2 A2/O 100 to 300 kcu m/d1 A/B 80 kcu m/d1 SB

16、R 150 kcu m/d1 BIO 120 kcu m/d 8 個(gè)氧化溝工藝 10萬- 15萬 m3/天 2 個(gè)活性污泥法 16萬-26萬 m3/天 1 個(gè)CASS工藝 10萬 m3/天 3 個(gè)氧化溝工藝 10萬- 15萬 m3/天 4 個(gè)A/O工藝 10萬- 20萬 m3/天 2 個(gè)A2/O工藝 10萬- 30萬 m3/天 1 個(gè)A/B工藝 8萬 m3/天 1 個(gè)SBR工藝 15萬 m3/天 1 個(gè)BIO工藝 12萬 m3/天Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Case Study 案例分析 (4/12) Methodology o

17、f Case Study 研究方法Questionnaires distributed and collected 分發(fā)調(diào)查問詢表Interviews and site visits conducted 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研Performance Indicators (PI) used for assessment of WWTP and WWC performance 應(yīng)用績(jī)效指標(biāo)分析污水公司和污水處理廠的運(yùn)行Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Case Study 案例分析 (5/12) Findings 調(diào)查結(jié)果Nutrient remov

18、al problematic at 5 of 23 WWTPs, 3 WWTPs in non-compliance for class II discharge standards 23個(gè)污水處理廠之中有5個(gè)氮磷去除尚未達(dá)標(biāo)，3個(gè)污水處理廠尚未達(dá)到國家二級(jí)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Average hydraulic loading for 23 WWTPs at 70% of design capacity nonworking capital USD100-200m 23個(gè)污水處理廠的水力負(fù)荷約為設(shè)計(jì)能力的70%-閑置固定資產(chǎn)約為1-2億美元Nearly all sludge dewatered and s

19、ent to landfill 污泥處置工藝基本采用脫水后填埋處理Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Case Study 案例分析 (6/12) Findings (continued) 調(diào)查結(jié)果（續(xù)）30% or 7 of 23 WWTPs receiving low strength influent with BOD80mg/l as low as 30mg/l 30% 或23個(gè)污水處理廠中的7個(gè)進(jìn)水水質(zhì)濃度低于設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，BOD or average超過平均值2倍的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差較好Wastewater Utility Perform

20、ance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Benchmarking System 績(jī)效評(píng)估系統(tǒng) (3/14)Performance Indicator績(jī)效指標(biāo)City/WWC城市/污水公司W(wǎng)WTP污水處理廠Environmental PI 環(huán)境指標(biāo)Personnel PI 人員指標(biāo)Physical PI 物理指標(biāo)Operational PI 運(yùn)行指標(biāo)Quality of Service PI 服務(wù)質(zhì)量指標(biāo)Financial PI 財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)Total 總計(jì)4 6 114593955616Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Benchmar

21、king System 績(jī)效評(píng)估系統(tǒng) (4/14)Key PI Comparisons主要績(jī)效指標(biāo)比較 PI 11.6 - WW Operating Costs PI 11.6 單位營(yíng)業(yè)費(fèi)用Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Benchmarking System 績(jī)效評(píng)估系統(tǒng) (5/14)Key PI Comparisons主要績(jī)效指標(biāo)比較PI 12.6 Staff WW Pop Served PI 12.6 工作人員/排水服務(wù)人口 Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Benc

22、hmarking System 績(jī)效評(píng)估系統(tǒng) (6/14)Key PI Comparisons主要績(jī)效指標(biāo)比較PI wPh3 Treatment Utilization (%/year) PI wPh3 二級(jí)污水處理廠利用率 (%/年)Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Benchmarking System 績(jī)效評(píng)估系統(tǒng) (7/14)Key PI Comparisons主要績(jī)效指標(biāo)比較PI wEn6 Sludge Production (KgDS/1000 p e) PI wEn6 人均污泥產(chǎn)量 (Kg干重/1000 p.e)Wast

23、ewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Benchmarking System 績(jī)效評(píng)估系統(tǒng) (8/14)Key PI Comparisons主要績(jī)效指標(biāo)比較PI wOp44 WW Quality Tests (#/month) PI wOp44 水質(zhì)檢測(cè)頻率 (#/月)Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Benchmarking System 績(jī)效評(píng)估系統(tǒng) (9/14)Key PI Comparisons主要績(jī)效指標(biāo)比較PI 24.1 Working RatioPI 24.1 運(yùn)營(yíng)資金比率

24、Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Benchmarking System 績(jī)效評(píng)估系統(tǒng) (10/14)Key PI International Comparisons績(jī)效指標(biāo)國際比較PI 2.1 Sewage Coverage PI 2.1 排水普及率Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Benchmarking System 績(jī)效評(píng)估系統(tǒng) (11/14)Key PI International Comparisons績(jī)效指標(biāo)國際比較 PI 17.1 Wastewater Treatment PI 17.1 污水處理Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行業(yè)投資與運(yùn)行研究Benchmarking System 績(jī)效評(píng)估系統(tǒng) (12/14)Key PI International Comparisons績(jī)效指標(biāo)國際比較 PI 24.1 Working Ratio PI 24.1 運(yùn)營(yíng)資金比率Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行