復(fù)合管焊接數(shù)值模擬文獻(xiàn)綜述最終(共54頁(yè))

1、姓名分?jǐn)?shù)備注雷菠菠陳想李露露伏進(jìn)文赫權(quán)貴王強(qiáng)文獻(xiàn)檢索論文(lnwn)1書面文本的格式(15%)2應(yīng)用檢索原理檢索方法的情況（20%）3檢索文獻(xiàn)的類型和范圍（20%）4參考文獻(xiàn)的引用及著錄規(guī)范（10%）5結(jié)論的準(zhǔn)確性（25%）6.其他（10%） 復(fù)合管焊接(hnji)數(shù)值模擬文獻(xiàn)綜述 專業(yè)年級(jí)：材料(cilio)工程碩13級(jí) 個(gè)人信息：雷菠菠 201320022（組長(zhǎng)） 陳 想 201320027（組員） 李露露 201320003（組員） 伏進(jìn)文 201320020（組員） 赫權(quán)貴 201320019（組員） 王 強(qiáng) 201320021（組員） 任課教師：強(qiáng)深濤 完成(wn chng)日期：

2、2013 年 11 月25 日文獻(xiàn)檢索課專題(zhunt)綜述選題(xun t)申報(bào)表擬選專題綜述題目復(fù)合管焊接數(shù)值模擬文獻(xiàn)綜述題目屬性教師指定 自選課題組成員及分工情況姓名性別學(xué)號(hào)課題內(nèi)分工雷菠菠男201320022資料收集、撰寫綜述 陳 想女201320027資料收集、撰寫綜述李露露女 201320003資料收集、整體修改伏進(jìn)文男201320020題目分析、資料收集赫權(quán)貴男201320019資料收集、整體修改王 強(qiáng)男 201320021題目分析、資料收集注：課題內(nèi)分工，指課題組成員擬承擔(dān)的主要工作，如：分析課題要求、檢索文獻(xiàn)、獲取 原文、資料綜合與分析、執(zhí)筆寫作、課題報(bào)告最后陳述人、課題總

3、負(fù)責(zé)人等1.選擇檢索工具檢索工具名稱訪問方式檢索年代文獻(xiàn)類型谷歌搜索引擎 -2013網(wǎng)頁(yè)中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)（VIP）2003-2013期刊論文中國(guó)期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)（CNKI）22003-2013期刊論文SpringerLink -2013期刊論文超星電子圖書2 -2013圖書ScienceDirect -2013網(wǎng)頁(yè)2.選擇(xunz)檢索(jin su)詞從課題提取的主題檢索用詞復(fù)合管復(fù)合管、雙金屬?gòu)?fù)合管焊接性能焊接性能、焊接工藝焊接溫度場(chǎng)焊接溫度場(chǎng)數(shù)值模擬有限有分析、有限元模擬3.檢索(jin su)步驟、檢索結(jié)果3.1超星電子圖書1 檢索式：長(zhǎng)輸管道【篇名】油氣長(zhǎng)輸管線的安全可靠性分析【作

4、者】方華燦【文摘】本書是石油大學(xué)近年來開展有關(guān)陸上及海上油氣長(zhǎng)輸管線的檢測(cè)、維修及安全可靠性評(píng)估科研工作成果的總結(jié)。本書從對(duì)油氣長(zhǎng)輸管線的腐蝕缺陷的安全可靠性評(píng)估以及油氣長(zhǎng)輸管線中管跨的振動(dòng)及其安全可靠性評(píng)估，還將油氣長(zhǎng)輸管線作為一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，對(duì)其完整性評(píng)估做了較為詳細(xì)的介紹，其中包括有：剩余強(qiáng)度評(píng)估、可靠性評(píng)估、經(jīng)濟(jì)壽命評(píng)估以及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)優(yōu)化分析和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理。本書可供陸上及海上油氣長(zhǎng)輸管線工程技術(shù)人員及科研人員參考，也可供有關(guān)高等院校研究生、本科生參考使用?！境鎏?chch)】北京：石油工業(yè)(sh yu n y)出版社，2002【原文(yunwn)】 超星圖書館提供了全書。3.2 C

5、NKI2檢索式：長(zhǎng)輸管道；失效【篇名】長(zhǎng)輸管道失效故障樹分析【作者】廖柯熹，姚安林，張淮鑫【文摘】長(zhǎng)輸管道在使用過程中受到雜質(zhì)、應(yīng)力、腐蝕介質(zhì)等的作用，致使部分管段早期損壞，嚴(yán)重影響了管道的使用壽命。綜合分析了引起管道發(fā)生失效的各個(gè)因素，建立了以管道失效為頂事件的原油管道失效故障樹。通過對(duì)故障樹的分析，求出故障樹的各階最小割集，并確定了長(zhǎng)輸管道的主要失效形式，提出了提高管道可靠性的措施?！境鎏帯坑蜌鈨?chǔ)運(yùn)，2001，20(1)：2730【原文】 該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供了全文。3檢索式：故障樹；安全【篇名】天然氣球罐失效故障樹分析【作者】蔣宏葉，姚安林，鄭興華，羅宇義，李又綠【文摘】球罐作為天然氣儲(chǔ)存的主要

6、手段之一，預(yù)防它的事故發(fā)生，提高其可靠性并延長(zhǎng)安全使用壽命，對(duì)于安全生產(chǎn)和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展具有十分重要的意義。故障樹分析方法是從分析失效因果關(guān)系中的頂部事件開始直到底部事件。它是由果到因、自上而下地進(jìn)行分析，具有簡(jiǎn)明、直觀、靈活的特點(diǎn),是工程系統(tǒng)可靠性分析與評(píng)價(jià)的有效方法。文中對(duì)引起天然氣球罐發(fā)生失效的各個(gè)因素進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析,建立了以球罐失效為頂事件的失效故障樹。通過對(duì)球罐故障樹的分析，得到了故障樹的各階最小割集，確立了天然氣球罐失效的主要形式，并提出了相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)措施?！境鎏帯刻烊粴夤I(yè)，2003，23(6)：143145【原文】 該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供(tgng)了全文。4檢索(jin su)式：復(fù)

7、合管；焊接(hnji)性能【篇名】304/Q235 內(nèi)襯式復(fù)合管焊接接頭耐點(diǎn)蝕性研究【作者】孫倩,李永華,張罡,黃須強(qiáng)【文摘】選用304和308L兩種焊絲作為過渡層焊材對(duì)304/Q235復(fù)合管進(jìn)行焊接,采用動(dòng)電位極化曲線掃描和靜態(tài)FeCl3溶液浸泡法對(duì)其焊接接頭的耐點(diǎn)蝕性進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究。結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)酸洗鈍化后,兩種接頭的點(diǎn)蝕坑直徑變小,耐點(diǎn)蝕性均有所提高;自腐蝕電位:308L接頭304接頭,自腐蝕電流:308L接頭 600 HV10). Those specific regions were found to contain martensite, which was positively i

8、dentified using selected area electron diffraction in a TEM investigation on thin foils taken from the high hardness region. A V weld preparation with central positioning of the consumable resulted in acceptable hardness levels in the root region combined with a skeletal ferrite microstructure. This

9、 allowed the dilution in the root area to be reduced, whilst achieving a balanced parent plate dilution in the remainder of the weld from the SAW process.對(duì)碳鋼板進(jìn)行不銹鋼埋弧焊（SAW）會(huì)產(chǎn)生一系列的質(zhì)量問題。缺乏焊制劑中的可消耗焊絲位置的控制會(huì)導(dǎo)致母片的不均勻稀釋。另外，較重并且均勻稀釋的母片依然會(huì)帶來問題。在雙相不銹鋼到碳鋼的SAW中進(jìn)行Y焊接的準(zhǔn)備，上面有4mm的突出物，會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)不良的情況，在金屬的焊縫里發(fā)現(xiàn)了硬區(qū)。此外，人們還發(fā)現(xiàn)

10、，在進(jìn)行焊接準(zhǔn)備，焊條(hntio)貼著碳鋼一側(cè)的偏壓造成了過高硬度的產(chǎn)生，并測(cè)量了數(shù)值（600 HV10）。那些特殊區(qū)域中發(fā)現(xiàn)了馬氏體，通過對(duì)在高硬區(qū)域中選取的薄片的TEM選區(qū)電子衍射就可以確定。而對(duì)于消耗中心位置的V焊接準(zhǔn)備決定于有鐵素體骨架顯微結(jié)構(gòu)的本部區(qū)域，且這個(gè)區(qū)域的硬度水平還需要在可接受的范圍之內(nèi)。【出處(chch)】Materials Science and Technology, 2003, 19(2): 219226.【原文】該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供(tgng)了全文。9檢索式： spot welds【篇名】Microstructure and failure behavior of d

11、issimilar resistance spot welds between low carbon galvanized and austenitic stainless steels【題目(tm)譯文】低碳鍍鋅和奧氏體不銹鋼異種之間的電阻(dinz)點(diǎn)焊微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和破壞行為【作者(zuzh)】 HYPERLINK /science/article/pii/S0921509307014104 P. Marashi, HYPERLINK /science/article/pii/S0921509307014104 M. Pouranvari, HYPERLINK /science/article

12、/pii/S0921509307014104 S. Amirabdollahian, HYPERLINK /science/article/pii/S0921509307014104 A. Abedi, HYPERLINK /science/article/pii/S0921509307014104 M. Goodarzi【文摘】Resistance spot welding was used to join austenitic stainless steel and galvanized low carbon steel. The relationship between failure

13、mode and weld fusion zone characteristics (size and microstructure) was studied. It was found that spot weld strength in the pullout failure mode is controlled by the strength and fusion zone size of the galvanized steel side. The hardness of the fusion zone which is governed by the dilution between

14、 two base metals, and fusion zone size of galvanized carbon steel side are dominant factors in determining the failure mode.電阻電焊是用于將奧氏體不銹鋼和鍍鋅低碳鋼焊接在一起的方法。失效模式和焊接熔合區(qū)特性（尺寸和微結(jié)構(gòu)）之間的聯(lián)系已經(jīng)有相關(guān)研究。此關(guān)系是在被強(qiáng)度和鍍鋅鋼板上熔合區(qū)大小控制的拉撥破壞模式上的電焊焊點(diǎn)強(qiáng)度上被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。在兩個(gè)基礎(chǔ)金屬之間的稀釋部分所呈現(xiàn)的熔化區(qū)的硬度，以及鍍鋅的碳素鋼一側(cè)的熔化區(qū)尺寸都是決定失效模式的主導(dǎo)因素?！境鎏帯縈aterials Sci

15、ence and Engineering A, 2007, 480(2): 175180.【原文】該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供了全文。10 檢索式：Resistance spot ； weldability【篇名】 Resistance spot weldability of dissimilar materials (AISI 316LDIN EN 10130-99 steels)【題目譯文】不同材料的電阻點(diǎn)焊焊接性能（美國(guó)鋼鐵協(xié)會(huì)的316L的工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中10130-99鋼）【作者】Hasanbaolu A, Kaar R【文摘】The resistance spot weld of dissimilar m

16、aterials is generally more challenging than that of similar materials due to differences in the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the base metals. The influence of the primary welding parameters affecting the heat input such as; peak current on the morphology, microhardness, and tensil

17、e shear load bearing capacity of dissimilar welds between AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel and DIN EN 10130-99 (7114 grade) interstitial free steel has been investigated in this study. Although, an accept-able joint strength was obtained at 7 kA peak weld current, the optimum welding parameters

18、producing maximum joint strength were established at a peak weld current of 9 kA, where the electrode force and weld time are kept constant at 6 bars and 17 cycles, respectively.The primary cause of weakening of the weldment is identified as the excessive grain growing region of heat affected zone i

19、n case of 7114 grade interstitial free steel.【出處(chch)】Materials and Design，2010,42（5）:642-645【原文(yunwn)】google中得到(d do)了全文?！疚恼g】由于不同的金屬材料的物理、化學(xué)和機(jī)械性能不同，所以不銅材料間的電阻點(diǎn)焊比相同材料間的電阻點(diǎn)焊更具有挑戰(zhàn)性能。在本文中對(duì)影響熱輸入的主要焊接參數(shù)的影響因素進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，影響因素主要有：形態(tài)上的峰值電流，顯微硬度以及美國(guó)鋼鐵協(xié)會(huì)規(guī)定的316L奧氏體不銹鋼材料和工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中10130-99（7114級(jí)）內(nèi)的間隙自由鋼材料之間所形成的的焊縫承載抗拉抗

20、剪的能力。雖然，在峰值焊接電流為7kA的時(shí)候能夠獲得所要求的焊接接頭強(qiáng)度，但是在最佳的焊接參數(shù)下，只有當(dāng)電阻點(diǎn)焊峰值電流為9kA的時(shí)候，才能得到最大的接頭強(qiáng)度，與此同時(shí)，電極壓力和焊接時(shí)間要分別保持在6Pa 和17個(gè)周期。在焊接材料為7114級(jí)間隙自由鋼，熱影響區(qū)晶粒的過度生長(zhǎng)是引起焊件強(qiáng)度降低的主要原因。11檢索式：austenitic stainless steel；Weld microstructure【篇名】Microstructural features of dissimilar welds between 316LN austenitic stainless steel and

21、alloy 800 【題目譯文】316LN奧氏體不銹鋼和合金鋼800之間形成的焊縫顯微組織的特征【作者】Sireesha M, Shankar V, Albert Shaju K, etal【文摘(wnzhi)】For joining type 316LN austenitic stainless steel to modified 9Cr 1Mo steel for power plant application, a trimetallic configuration using an insert piece (such as alloy 800) of intermediate the

22、rmal coefficient of expansion (CTE) has been sometimes suggested for bridging the wide gap in CTE between the two steels. Two joints are thus involved and this paper is concerned with the weld between 316LN and alloy 800. These welds were produced using three types of filler materials: austenitic st

23、ainless steels corresponding to 316, 16Cr 8Ni 2Mo, and the nickel-base Inconel 182. 【出處(chch)】Materials Science and Engineering A,2000, 292(1):7482.【原文(yunwn)】 該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供了全文。 【文摘翻譯】316LN奧氏體不銹鋼和9Cr1Mo鋼連接的動(dòng)力，用作填充物的三金屬的結(jié)構(gòu)（如合金鋼800）的膨脹系數(shù)來判斷兩金屬是否能形成焊縫，本文所研究的是316LN和合金鋼800之間的焊縫組織結(jié)構(gòu)，使用了三種不同形式的填充金屬（316LN奧氏體不銹鋼、16

24、Cr 8Ni 2Mo、以鎳為基的合金）才產(chǎn)生了此種焊縫。15檢索式：welding property【篇名】Elementary mathematical theory of thermal stresses and fracture during welding and cutting【題目譯文】焊接硬度的預(yù)測(cè) 【作者】Chong L M【文摘】A 3-D string heat source model was developed to analyze the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process and predict the microstructu

25、re and hardness for heat affected zone (HAZ). The GMAW welding thermal process for low alloy steel JG590 was analyzed based on the established heat source model. Moreover, GMAW experiments for JG590 steel were conducted and the model was verified through the comparison between the predicted weld dim

26、ensions and the measured ones. Equations available for t8/5 calculation have been evaluated .Based on the calculated results from the GMAW welding thermal process, the HAZ mierostrueture and hardness for JG59O steel weldments have been sueeessfully predieted through the continuous cooling transforma

27、tion diagram (CCT diagram ).【出處(chch)】M ,Eng,Thesis .Ottawa , Canada:Carleton University,1982.56-57.【原文(yunwn)】 該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供(tgng)了全文?！疚恼g】將熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊(GMAW)的熱輸入處理為三維移動(dòng)串熱源,建立了串熱源模型,模擬了JG590低合金鋼的GMAW焊接熱過程.進(jìn)行了JG590鋼的GMAW焊接工藝實(shí)驗(yàn),通過焊縫橫截面熔合線的幾何形狀以及焊接接頭的幾何尺寸對(duì)所建模型進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證.分析評(píng)價(jià)了目前常用的t8/5計(jì)算公式,利用JG590鋼GMAW焊接熱過程的模擬結(jié)果,結(jié)合

28、其連續(xù)冷卻組織轉(zhuǎn)變圖(CCT圖),成功預(yù)測(cè)了焊接熱影響區(qū)(HAZ)的組織及硬度.16檢索式：simulation methodology；welding【篇名】3D modeling of multipass welding of a 316L stainless steel pipe【題目譯文】一種316L奧氏體不銹鋼鋼管的多道焊的三維模型【作者】Duranton P,Devaux J,RobinV,etal【文摘】Welding processes induce residual stresses and distortions which can play a major role in

29、 the mechanical strength of a component. Numerical simulation of processes is of big help to control these effects as it provides the evolution of physical quantities such as temperature, stresses and strains at any point in the structure. Simulations of single pass welding stresses give today rathe

30、r satisfying results. Prediction of distortions is far much difficult as it needs 3D simulations to accurately take account of the constraining conditions induced by the weld bead. The difficulty is still increased when considering multipass welding.This paper presents the 3D finite element simulati

31、on of multipass welding of a 316L stainless steel pipe. The whole process includes 13 weld passes and the simulation has been achieved using adaptive mesh refinements and a procedure to transport the results between the different meshes. The thermo-mechanical model used as well as the simulation met

32、hodology are detailed. Computed distortions and residual stresses are compared with experimental measurements after five passes.【出處(chch)】Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2004,153-154:457-463【原文(yunwn)】 該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供(tgng)了全文?！疚恼g】焊接過程中產(chǎn)生的殘余應(yīng)力和變形對(duì)焊件的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度起著重要的作用，數(shù)值模擬過程對(duì)控制物理量變化的影響因素有重要作用，如：在結(jié)構(gòu)中任意一

33、點(diǎn)的溫度、應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變的變化。并且對(duì)單道焊的數(shù)值模擬已經(jīng)得到了令人滿意的結(jié)果。由于3D模擬需要精確考慮焊縫所產(chǎn)生的約束條件，所以很難預(yù)測(cè)出畸變，而模擬多道焊時(shí)就更加困難。本論文介紹了對(duì)316L奧氏體不銹鋼鋼管的多道焊的三維有限元模擬。整個(gè)過程包括13個(gè)焊道，同時(shí)模擬能夠使用自適應(yīng)網(wǎng)格和在不同的網(wǎng)格間傳遞結(jié)果的程序。所使用的熱機(jī)械模型和模擬方法更加詳細(xì)，與實(shí)驗(yàn)性測(cè)量相比，扭曲與殘余應(yīng)力的計(jì)算是在五道焊后進(jìn)行的。26檢索式：Mathematical Theory；thermal source 【篇名】Thermal stresses and fracture during welding and c

34、utting【題目譯文】焊接和切割過程中形成的溫度應(yīng)力和裂縫【作者】 HYPERLINK /science/article/pii/S0924013699000369 l # G. Lu HYPERLINK /science/article/pii/S0924013699000369 l # A， Kotousov ， HYPERLINK /science/article/pii/S0924013699000369 l # E. Siores【文摘】In many technological processes involving the cutting or welding of thin

35、plates there is local thermal heating or cooling at the tip of the cut. Under particular conditions the cut may be considered as a semi-infinite crack and the thermal source as a point heat source. In this paper the authors investigate analytically the stress distribution induced by a point thermal

36、source moving with a constant velocity in an infinite plate. The stress intensity factor due to the point thermal source at the tip of the cut is calculated. It is shown that for both welding and cutting in the case of a thermal heat source the stress intensity factors will be negative, which means

37、that the thermal field induced by the point thermal heat source will tend to close the surfaces of the cut in the vicinity of the tip. 【出處】 HYPERLINK /journal/10704 International Journal of Fracture, 2000,103(4): 361-372.【原文】該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供了全文?！疚恼?wnzhi)翻譯(fny)】 在許多涉及薄板的焊接和切割的技術(shù)過程中，在斷面處要進(jìn)行局部加熱或冷卻。在特定的條件下，切口可

38、能被作為半無限裂縫以及點(diǎn)熱源的溫度區(qū)。本文調(diào)查分析了在無限平板上由一定移動(dòng)速度的點(diǎn)熱源產(chǎn)生(chnshng)的應(yīng)力分布，并且計(jì)算出了由切口頂端的點(diǎn)熱源而產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度因子。結(jié)果表明,焊接和切割在熱源的情況下的應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度因子將是負(fù)的,這意味著由點(diǎn)熱源產(chǎn)生的溫度場(chǎng)在頂點(diǎn)附近會(huì)關(guān)閉切割表面。27檢索式：welding temperature ；Weld Design 【篇名】Computation of Temperatures in Actual Weld Design【題目譯文】在實(shí)際焊接設(shè)計(jì)過程中溫度的計(jì)算【作者】Z.paley,H.D.Hibbert【摘要】A compute program

39、for solving the heat flow equation was Tested as a means of describing the thermal history of welds .Comparison of the computed values with those determined for macro-sections of actual welds shows good correlation of the fusion temperature isotherm and The A isotherm .Thus ,a computer program can b

40、e used to produce graphical displays of both the maximum temperatures and the moving temperature field in horizontal and vertical planes of welded plate.The computations also serve to plot thermal cycles and three-dimensional displays of the moving temperature field .【出處】Welding Joumal，1975，54(11):3

41、85-392.【原文】 該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供了全文?！疚恼g】求解熱流方程計(jì)算程序的測(cè)試作為一種描述焊縫的熱歷史。與計(jì)算值相比較，確定的宏觀斷面實(shí)際焊縫熔化溫度等溫線則顯示了熔化溫度等溫線和A等溫線的良好的相關(guān)性。因此，電腦計(jì)算程序可以用來生成金屬板在平焊和立焊位置的最大溫度和移動(dòng)溫度場(chǎng)的圖表關(guān)系。計(jì)算程序還可以用來標(biāo)繪溫度循環(huán)周期以及移動(dòng)溫度場(chǎng)的三維模型。30檢索式： Theoretical model ;welding 【篇名】Theoretical model of the submerged arc welding process【題目(tm)譯文】埋弧焊過程的理論(lln)模型【作者(zu

42、zh)】Barry T. Rubin【摘要】Expressions for the direct current and melting rate of wire electrodes in the submerged arc welding process are derived via the principles of irreversible thermodynamics. The melting rate of the consumable wire electrode under quasi steady state conditions consists of eight con

43、tributions: 1) Peltier heating effect, 2) Arc heating effect, 3) Contact resistance effect, 4) Radiation heat transfer effect, 5) Joule heating effect, 6) Heat conduction effect, 7) Melting rate effect of electrolyte flux, 8) Melting rate effect of the sub layer zone. Application of the general theo

44、retical melting rate to a limiting case of practical interest reveals good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results. The affect of polarity reversal on melting rate is explained in terms of thermionic emission phenomena.【摘要】在埋弧焊過程中直流和融化速率的表達(dá)式是通過不可逆過程熱力學(xué)原理派生。可消耗的電極絲的熔化速率在準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)態(tài)

45、條件下有八個(gè)貢獻(xiàn):1)珀?duì)柼?yīng)加熱效果,2)電弧加熱效果,3)接觸電阻的影響,4)輻射傳熱效果,5)焦耳熱效應(yīng),6)導(dǎo)熱效果,7)熔化速率電解液通量的影響,8)子層區(qū)熔化速率影響。極限情況的實(shí)踐興趣的一般理論熔化速率的應(yīng)用表明理論預(yù)測(cè)和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果之間有很高的一致性。融化率的極性逆轉(zhuǎn)影響是解釋的熱電子發(fā)射現(xiàn)象的一方面。【出處】Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B March 1975, Volume 6, Issue 1, pp 175-182.【原文】該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供了全文。31檢索式：Weld pool convection【篇名】Weld poo

46、l convection and its effect【題目譯文】熔池對(duì)流及其影響【作者】BY S. KOU AND Y. H. WANG【摘要】A mathematical model has been developed for the first time to account for convection and temperature distributions in moving weld pools driven by buoyancy, electromagnetic and surface tension forces. The assumption of infinitel

47、y thick workpieces and the a priori specification of the weld pool shape, which were used in some previous models developed for stationary weld pools, are not necessary, thus making the present model much more usefulparticularly where the matter of full or partial penetration in workpieces of finite

48、 thickness is concerned. Very good agreement was obtained between computed and experimentally observed fusion boundaries, thus verifying the validity of the model. The arc efficiency and the spatial distributions of the electric current and heat flux used in the computations were based on experiment

49、ally measured results, in order to insure that the verification was appropriate. The convection patterns and weld penetrations due to individual driving forces were demonstrated separately, in order to show the distinct differences among themselves and at the same time help explain those due to the

50、combined driving forces particularly the double circulation loops in the weld pool. The computed results are in good agreement with reported experimental observations. They agree with the important findings of Heiple, et al, on the role of surface tension gradient in weld pool convection and weld pe

51、netration. Macrosegregation of solute in the weld was discussed in light of the computed results on weld pool convection, and the computed results agree with the reports of Houldcroft, Savage, ef al., and Seretsky,et al., on weld macrosegregation. Finally, based on the computed convection patterns,

52、it was postulated that, as compared to the buoyancy force and the surface tension gradient acting in the absence of surface active agents, the electromagnetic force and the surface tension gradient acting in the presence of surface active agents tend to produce a convection pattern more favorable fo

53、r removal of gas bubbles from the weld pool.【出處(chch)】Welding Joumal, 1986, 65(3):63-70.【原文(yunwn)】該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供(tgng)了全文?！菊g】 對(duì)于首次計(jì)算對(duì)流和溫度分布在移動(dòng)浮力，電磁和表面張力驅(qū)動(dòng)的焊池?cái)?shù)學(xué)模型已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來。對(duì)于無限厚工件和焊接熔池形狀的假設(shè)，這是在以前的一些使用的“先驗(yàn)”規(guī)范對(duì)于靜止的焊接池開發(fā)的模型，是沒有必要的，從而使本模型有用得多，特別是在有限厚度的工件的全部或部分滲透中這個(gè)用的也很多。 計(jì)算(j sun)和實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察到的融合邊界之間達(dá)到了很好的一致性，從而驗(yàn)證了模型的

54、有效性。電弧效率和電流和熱通量的計(jì)算中使用的空間分布是基于實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定的結(jié)果，以確保該驗(yàn)證是適當(dāng)?shù)?。?duì)流模式和由于單個(gè)的驅(qū)動(dòng)力焊接(hnji)穿透被分別證實(shí)，為了表示相互之間以及在同一時(shí)間幫助下有明顯的差異，而這些差異能解釋那些由于組合驅(qū)動(dòng)力，特別是在熔池的雙循環(huán)回路。計(jì)算的結(jié)果與報(bào)道的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果一致。他們同意Heiple等的重要發(fā)現(xiàn)，在表面張力梯度的熔池對(duì)流，焊接熔深的作用。溶質(zhì)在焊縫的宏觀偏析的光對(duì)熔池對(duì)流計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了討論(toln)，并且將計(jì)算結(jié)果與Houldcroft，Savage.ef和Seretsky.et等人的報(bào)告，對(duì)焊縫宏觀偏析。最后，基于所計(jì)算的對(duì)流模式，它被假定，相對(duì)于浮力和表

55、面張力梯度作用在不存在表面活性劑時(shí)，電磁力和表面張力梯度作用于表面活性劑的存在下往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)對(duì)流模式更有利用于從熔池中去除氣泡。33檢索式：thermo-mechano-metallurgical model;welded steel【篇名】Consistent thermo-mechano-metallurgical model of welded steel with unified approach to derivation of phase evolution laws and transformation induced plasticity【題目譯文】統(tǒng)一相演變規(guī)律和相變誘發(fā)塑

56、性推導(dǎo)一致的焊接鋼管的熱機(jī)械力的冶金模型【作者】J. Ronda a,1 G.J. Oliver b【摘要】Coupled electromagnetic, thermal, mechanical, and metallurgical processes occur in the heat affected zone (HAZ) during welding. Metallurgical processes: melting,solidification and solid phase transformations are in the heart of this manufacturing

57、 technique. The modern approach to modelling of welding leads to phenomenological description of complex thermo-mechano-metallurgical (TMM) process and FE solution of this problem. Such model requires the new and unified approach to derivation of evolution equations for solid phase transformations a

58、nd the formulation of mathematically consistent and coupled TMM problem. Results of this numerical simulation are shown for two simple welding benchmark problems formulated for two thick plates.【出處(chch)】Computer Methods in Applied Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering , 2000, 189(2): 361-417

59、.【原文(yunwn)】該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供(tgng)了全文?！菊g】 焊接過程中電磁，熱，機(jī)械，冶金等過程發(fā)生在熱影響區(qū)（HAZ）。冶金過程：熔煉，凝固和固相轉(zhuǎn)變是這個(gè)制造業(yè)的核心技術(shù)?，F(xiàn)代焊接建模的方法來會(huì)導(dǎo)致復(fù)雜的熱機(jī)械力冶金（TMM）過程及說明FE解決這個(gè)問題。對(duì)于演化方程的固相變和制定數(shù)學(xué)一致，加上TMM的問題，這種模型需要新的和統(tǒng)一的方法來推導(dǎo)。這個(gè)數(shù)值結(jié)果模擬顯示對(duì)于兩個(gè)焊接基準(zhǔn)問題需要制定兩個(gè)厚板材。44檢索式：Phase Transformation【篇名】Metal-Thermo-Mechanics : Application to Phase Transformation

60、incorporated Processes【題目譯文】金屬熱機(jī)制:應(yīng)用相變流程【作者】Inoue Tatsuo【摘要】Fundamental equations governing the evolution of metallurgical structures, temperature, and stress/strain relevant to describing both in-solid and liquid-solid phase transformation are formulated by taking into account the effect of metal-t