(語(yǔ)法)過去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)課件

1、過去分詞的基本特點(diǎn) ：1.從語(yǔ)態(tài)上講 ：過去分詞一般表被動(dòng) 。2.從時(shí)態(tài)上講 ：過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作 ；Grammar第1頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。一、過去分詞作定語(yǔ)1、單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般兼有被動(dòng)和完成的意義，常作前置定語(yǔ)。 eg：a lost animal 一只丟失/迷路的動(dòng)物 a used stamp 一枚用過的郵票 一個(gè)受傷的手指一枚破損的硬幣 一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭 an injured fingera broken coina lighted candle第2頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。注意：過去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)只有被動(dòng)意義。 e.g. : spoken English written exercis

2、es英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)書面練習(xí)第3頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞只有完成的意義fallen leaves the risen sunthe developed countries 一個(gè)醉鬼一名退休教師一名逃跑的囚犯 a drunken man a retired teacheran escaped prisoner落葉升起來的太陽(yáng)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家第4頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。2、過去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)或完成意義。 e.g.：How I regretted the hourswasted in the woods!e.g.： I like wearing clothes made of

3、this kind of clothe.g.：The books written by Mo Yan are populare.g.： Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 第5頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。結(jié)論：以上的短語(yǔ)都帶有過去分詞，這些過去分詞都是充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，而且我們都可以用定語(yǔ)從句來改寫以上短語(yǔ)。 Most of the guests invited to the party were her classmates.第6頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。Exercises:把后置定語(yǔ)換成定語(yǔ)從句1. The girl dressed in red

4、is my sister. =The girl who is dressed in red is my sister.2. Father beat the son lost in the on-line games. =Father beat the son who was lost in the on-line games第7頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。3.This project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only two years.=This project , designed by the C

5、hinese engineers, was constructed in only two years4. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.=The castle, burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.把定語(yǔ)從句換成后置定語(yǔ)第8頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。boiling waterboiled waterthe changing worldthe changed worldthe rising sunthe ris

6、en sunV-ing 與V-ed 作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別（2） 正在沸騰的水已經(jīng)燒開的水正在發(fā)生變化的世界已經(jīng)變化了的世界正在升起的太陽(yáng)升起了的太陽(yáng)V-ing表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行， V-ed表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成第9頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。二 過去分詞作表語(yǔ) She looked worried.I am interested in the book.He was lost in thought.The door remained locked.They got married five years ago.The story is exciting. You are excited when you read it._過去

7、分詞作？_第10頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。系動(dòng)詞的分類：“似乎類”：“感覺類”： “變成類”：“仍然類”：基本形式：be( am, is, are)seem, appear, lookfeel, sound, smell, tastebecome, go, get, grow, fall, turnremain, continue, stay, keep第11頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。有的已成為固定搭配 ：be covered with be lost in thoughtbe caught in the rain be separated frombe interested inbe absorbed in 被覆蓋

8、陷入沉思被雨淋從分離對(duì)感興趣專心致志于第12頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。Practice makes perfect!第13頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。What he said was _ (encourage).We were _ (encourage) at what he said.The football game is very _ (bore). We were _(bore) at the football game.V-ing 與V-ed 作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別encouragingencouragedboringboredV-ing 作表語(yǔ)修飾物，翻譯為“令人感到-”V-ed 作表語(yǔ)修飾人，翻譯為“感到-”P(1

9、7)第14頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。As we joined the big crowd , I got _ from my friends A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed2. Cleaning women in the big cities get _ by the hour . A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 第15頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者；有具體的時(shí)間，表示當(dāng)時(shí)的動(dòng)作。標(biāo)志：行為執(zhí)行者由by短語(yǔ)來表示區(qū)別“（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）”和“（被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）”e.g.：This shop is now closed 這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。(狀態(tài)) This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday 這家商店每天6點(diǎn)關(guān)門。(動(dòng)作） 第16頁(yè)，共17頁(yè)。A. The library is closed. B. The library is closed at six.C. The library is close