高中英語選修七-Unit-02-B

1、Discovering useful words and expressions1. Replace the underlined partBill felt great pleasure when he tried his new fax machine and it worked.He felt pity for Claire because she was overweight and needed to lose about five kilos to look slim.Even though Jane told him many times to go away her broth

2、er still accompanied her to the doctor.Her greatest wish was to look as elegant as Gladys Claffern.Please call me before you buy a new digital camera so I can go with you.She looked at the computer screen carefully hoping to find some new emails in her mailbox.It was ridiculous that his own mother w

3、ould not talk to him about the affair.He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise.satisfactiontested outsympathyleave alonedesireringupscannedabsurddeclared2. Complete the following passage. (News, 16/04/2321) Historical research shows that in the 22nd century m

4、any people told stories about how, at one time, people could buy robots as house decorators. The robots would _ the literature for the latest ideas in home decoration. Often the robots would _ designs that were grander than their owners wanted. Brightly colourd _ and _ would be suggested together wi

5、th brightly patterned walls can carpets. Some of the _ in the shop thought that the designs were _. While some owners were firm with their robots suggestions, others would _ and walk out of the shop, feeling embarrassed. A few other robots would even get into physical fights with their owner in publ

6、ic as their electrical system sometimes would set off the shops _. After a while the government decided such behavior was not appropriate and passed a law _ robots should not leave the house. So robots became household cleaners or industrial workers instead!scanfavourcushions/ beddingsbeddings/cushi

7、onsclerksawfulturn around alarmsdeclaringRevising useful structuresEx. 1be tested outbe harmedbe offeredwas amazedwas not allowedbe discoveredbe completely transformedwere impressedbe enviedbe rebuiltEx. 2The companys new car is going _ in the coming months.Since Claire had become attached to Tony,

8、the robot needed _.Tim refused _ by his father when he went for a haircut.The desire _ a great writer inspires many young authors.He felt it absurd _ hatred for someone he had never met.The new product is available _ by interested customers.She was very beautiful but she did not like _ by so many pe

9、ople.Since these aprons are such poor quality, they need _ and taken back to the shop.to be designedto be rebuiltto be accompaniedto be known asto be filled withto be tested outto be set asideto be enviedEx. 3 One the morning of December 19th, Marion began to writer her cards for Christmas. There we

10、re so many. She looked at the list of Christmas cards that she planned to send. They _ in the alphabetical order of the receivers family names. There were sixty in all. The cards would _ into six piles of ten. She planned to write a few every afternoon because from then on until Christmas her time w

11、ould _ into shopping, cooking as well as writing the cards. But that afternoon there would be no time for cards. She was going to learn how to display flowers beautifully. She was _ by her neighbor, Sally. They _ to a community programme. Then on Christmas Day their families would _ by lovely flower

12、 displays, special cuisine, excellent presents, and above all family affection. Marion _ to her family and enjoyed making them happy. Thinking of that she sighed happily and began to write the first card.were listedbe dividedbe organizedto be accompaniedwere connectedbe surroundedwas attached Revisi

13、on of Passive VoiceGrammar My mother felt alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple. My mother was alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple. Look at the sentences.Is this a passive sentence?No!使用被動語態(tài)的情況1. 我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí) 行者是誰的時候(這時不帶by引起的短語)。Printing was introduced to Europe fromChina. (省略了by短語。

14、）Look! There is nothing here. Everything has been taken away. (省略了by短語。）2. 當我們出于禮貌、措辭圓通等方面的 考慮不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時。You are requested to give a performance.You are cordially(誠摯地) invited to a party to be given at the Teachers Clubat 3 p.m. Nov. 23. 3. 當我們強調(diào)或興趣在動作的承受者 時(這時可帶by引起的短語)。The song was composed（組成;

15、 寫作）by a student. A good time was had by all.被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以give為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/aregiven 【例句】The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practiceand is based on pictures and topics.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般過去時：was/weregiven【例句】These computers were made in our own countr

16、y.一般將來時：will/shall begiven【例句】Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?Sir Denis, who is 78, has made itknown that much of his collection _tothe nation. (CET-4 1996) A. has left B. is to leaveC. leaves D. is to be left本句意思為：78歲的Denis先生聲明他將把他的大多數(shù)收藏品留給國家。所以leave應用一般將來時的被動形式。一般將來時可以用來be to do s

17、th來表達，因此答案為D。過去將來時：would begivenThe news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are beinggivenThe machine is being repaired in the workshop. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are bei

18、ng developed D. will have been developed本句測試點是動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)develop和perfect是兩個并列的謂語動詞，perfect 用的是被動形式，develop也應該用被動形式，而且句子的時間狀語為now，故develop應用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)，答案為C。過去進行時：was/were beinggiven【例句】The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has beengiven【例句】Swift progress has also been

19、made in culture and education.過去完成時：had beengiven【例句】 The huge bridge had been damaged before the World War.將來完成時：will/shall have beengiven【例句】The book will have been published by the end of next month.含有情態(tài)動詞的動詞變成被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be +過去分詞This problem can be solved. 這問題可解決。Whats done cannot be undone. 覆水難收。

20、George might be sent to America by his company in August.公司可能八月份派喬治去美國?；蝾愃平Y(jié)構(gòu)（be going to, have to 等）變成被動語態(tài)：This room is going to be painted next week. 這個房間下周粉刷。Go away! I want to be left alone.走開！我想獨自待一會兒。1. 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語(指人的賓語）。一些特殊的被動語態(tài)They didnt

21、 offer Ann the job. Ann wasnt offered the job. 安未得到這份工作。2. 在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加 to。They make her clean the floor. She is made to clean the floor by them.3. Itbe過去分詞that從句 (=主語be過去分詞to do sth)表示：據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/據(jù)悉/據(jù)信等。 例： 據(jù)說這個

22、男孩已經(jīng)通過了這次全國性的測試。It is said that the boy has passed thenational exam. The boy is said to have passed thenational exam.但：It _that there was a car over there. A. so happened B. so happens C. is so happened D. was so happened 答案： A. happen 是不及物動詞，無被動語態(tài)。4. be supposed to (suppose: vt. 推想; 假設; 猜想) suppose

23、d:假定的; 推測的;意圖的(1)據(jù)說（=be said to) 如： Lets go and see that film. Its supposed to be very good.我們一起去看那電影好嗎? 人們都說它不錯。(2) 計劃、安排 如：Id better hurry. Its nearly 8 oclock. Im supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15.我要快些了?，F(xiàn)在差不多8點鐘了。我8點一刻去接湯姆。(3) be not supposed to 表示“不允許” 如：You are not supposed to park here. 這兒不允許

24、停車。動詞get代替be. （ get往往用在口語 中。）酒館里發(fā)生了打斗，幸好無人受傷。There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was)hurt.get + done 同 be+done 的區(qū)別：get done 往往表示行為不是計劃之中，而是意外發(fā)生的。如：The dog got run over by a car. 狗被汽車輾死了。1. 某些感官動詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動 詞可以表示被動意義。 cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell, read, w

25、rite The dish tastes delicious. The theory proved right at last. The book is so interesting that it sells well. 不可以變成被動語態(tài)The book is so interesting that it sells well. “sells”此處為不及物動詞“銷售起來; 有銷路”的意思；作及物動詞為“賣; 出售”）This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗) Need +V- ing 表示“主語承受動詞 發(fā)出的動作”，表示被動意義。 我的車需要修理。 My c

26、ar needs repairing (= to be repaired). beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit，become, contain, cost, fit, have，lack, resemble(相似), suit等。This new English-Chinese dictionarycost me ten dollars.3. 某些表示狀態(tài)或者特征的及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)形式。這類動詞常見的有：如：戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了?？梢哉f： The war broke out .但不能說：The war was broke out.4. 通常只有及物動詞（組）才

27、有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞沒有。 “be過去分詞”這個結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被動語態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別是：被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示一個動作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)，試比較下面的句子：被動結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動結(jié)構(gòu)The enemy was soon surrounded by us.系表結(jié)構(gòu)The house is surrounded by trees.被動結(jié)構(gòu) She was bitten by the dog in the darkness. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)I was excited by the news that my husbandgot promoted.1. Old

28、 McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served練習3. The new dictionaries are very useful. They _ well and _ already. A. sel

29、l, have been sold out B. sold, had sold out C. sell, sell out D. are sold, have been sold out4. The train _ arrive at 11:30, but it was an hour late. A. was about to B. was likely to C. was supposed to D. was certain to5. This dictionary mustnt _ from the library. A. take away B. taken away C. are t

30、aken away D. be taken away6. My shoes _ . I went out for a new pair. A. is worn out B. wore out C. were worn off D. were worn out 7. That kind of shirts _ cotton. A. is made from B. are made from C. is made of D. are made of8. Rice _ in South China. A. growing B. is grown C. are grown D. is grow9. A

31、ll the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed10. The teacher told his students that they _ to be useful men to the country. A. were all expected B. were all expecting C. all were expected D. all expected11. Some of

32、the hotels in my hometown _. A. have now been rebuilding B. are now rebuilding C. are now being rebuilt D. are rebuilt now 用被動語態(tài)改換下列各句：1. My father will repair my bike for me.My bike will be repaired by my father for me.2. I have found my wallet.My wallet has been found.3. She told me to wait here f

33、or her.I was told to wait here for her.4. The police will surely arrest the murderer.The murderer will surely be arrestedby the police.5. They invited Mr. Green to make a speech.Mr. Green was invited to make a speech.6. The students clean their classroom every day.Their classroom is cleaned by the s

34、tudents every day.7. You mustnt take those books out of the reading-room.Those books mustnt be taken out of the reading-room.8. I dint tell you the girl could do the job.You werent told by me that the girl could do the job.9. Do people speak English in your country?Is English spoken in your country?

35、10. He gave me a present.I was given a present. A present was given to me.11. Mother often tells her children a story at bed time.Children are often told a story at bed time by mother.A story is often told by mother to children at bed time.不定式語法 不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時態(tài)共四種，即一般式、完成式、進行式和完成進行式。語態(tài)分為主動語

36、態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，如下表所示。不定式被動式講與練語態(tài) 時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have done to have been done進行式 to be doing/完成進行式 to have been doing/當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時用主動語態(tài)；當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的承受者時用被動語態(tài)。進行式和完成進行式?jīng)]有被動語態(tài)。1 現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時表示的動詞， 有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時 發(fā)生，有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動 作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to

37、see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. 2 完成時：表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動 詞表示的動作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3 進行時：強調(diào)動作已在延續(xù)或動作 正在進行。 They seem to be getting along well with their new jobs. He seems to be eating something.4 完成進行時：表示動作是在謂語動 詞所表示的動作之前就一直在進行。 T

38、hey are said to have been collecting stamps for over twenty years. He appears to have been waiting a long time. 不定式的被動形式有下列用法(1) 作主語： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.(2) 作賓語： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一 當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式。(3) 構(gòu)成復合賓語： He wanted the l

39、etter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.(4) 構(gòu)成復合謂語： The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.(5) 作定語：Are you going to the meeting to be heldin the teachers office?(6) 作狀語：She was too young to be assigned suchwork.二、不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復合賓語

40、、復合謂語等，如：It is a good thing for him to have beencriticized.（主語）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (賓語)He thought it an honour to have beeninvited to the party. （復合賓語）The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages. （復合謂語）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定語） 三、不定式的主動形式表示被動1. 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用to be done)There is no time to lose (to be lost).2. 在“npron + be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，