人教版高二英語虛擬語氣講義專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、用心愛心專心121號編輯 EDUxom亠高二英語虛擬語氣講義一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1、虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中（1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式（be動詞的過去式用were）”,而主句中的謂語動詞用“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。如：IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Ifthehadtime,sheshouldgowithyou.（2）表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時，主句中的謂語動詞則用“would/should/might/could+have+過去分詞”。如:Ifhehadtake

2、nmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.（3）表示與將來事實(shí)相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般過去時或should（wereto）+動詞原形，而主句中的謂語動詞則用would/should/couldmight+動詞原形。如；Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.（4）當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。如：Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytired.（從句說的是過去，

3、主句指的是現(xiàn)在）以下表格是虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中時，主句和從句謂語動詞的形式:條件狀語從句與過去事實(shí)相、丄-had+過去分詞反主句should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞用心愛心專心121號編輯 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反一般過去時（be用were）would/should/could/might+動詞原形一般過去時或_、Would/should/cold/might+動詞原should(wereto)+動詞K形原形有時侯在使用時可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式，即“were/had/should+主語”。如：WereIaboy,Iwouldjointhear

4、my.Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoBritain.2、虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句（1）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用?！皐ish+賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“要是就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“would/could+動詞原形”；表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“had+過去7wwwDearEDUom一分詞”或“could(should)+have+過去分詞”。如：Iwishitweresp

5、ringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswer.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.在表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order等后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形或是動詞原形。如：Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.Thedoctororderedsheshouldbeoperated.虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運(yùn)用。作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、id

6、ea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語從句和同位語從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“(should)+動詞原形”。如:Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful.Myideaisthatthey(should)pay100dollars.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運(yùn)用。在主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用“should+動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、不相信、理應(yīng)如此等。如：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatweshouldc

7、leantheroomeveryday.Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.注意：這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說人對這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感，that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如：Itispitythatyoucantswim.3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運(yùn)用虛擬語

8、氣在asif/asthough、evenif/eventhough等引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中，如果從句表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時；指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過去時；指將來狀況則用過去將來時。如：Hediditasifhewereanexpert.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.虛擬語氣用于定語從句中。這種從句常用于句型“Itis(high)time(that)”中，定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時(be用were)或should+動詞原形，意思是“(現(xiàn)在)該”。如：ItstimethatIpickedupmydaughter.Itsh

9、ightimeweweregoing.7wwwDearEDUom一虛擬語氣用在ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：IfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運(yùn)用。情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會話中。如：Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.Wouldyoubekindenoughtoclosethedoor?用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。如：Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?Iwouldrathernottellyou.二、精典名題導(dǎo)

10、解選擇填空Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.(NMET95)breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken解析：答案為C。本題考查的是asif引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題，asif引導(dǎo)的狀語從句如果與事實(shí)一致，不用虛擬語氣，如果與事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。題中“當(dāng)鉛筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了”而實(shí)際上鉛筆并未斷，與事實(shí)相反，前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時，因而本句是對一般現(xiàn)在時的虛擬，用werebroken。Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,

11、shewouldhavemetmybrother.(NMET94)hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome解析：答案為D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是：我在會議上沒看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒來。因此如果“她來了”與事實(shí)相反，前面一句交代了虛擬語氣的時態(tài)是一般過去時的虛擬，所以if從句中用had+過去分詞。Ifhe,hethatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.(NMET93)waswarned;wouldnottakehadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenwouldbewarned

12、;hadnottakenwouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken解析：答案為B。本題考查的是條件狀語從句與主句表示與事實(shí)相反時虛擬語氣的用法。根據(jù)下一句語境可知，他事先并沒有得到警告，表示過去時間的虛擬語氣，故選B。虛擬語氣專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,weallright.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe用心愛心專心121號編輯 2.7wwwDearEDUom一morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.用心愛心專心121號編輯 #用心愛心專心121號編輯 #Ifth

13、ecaptainwereHadthecaptainbeen用心愛心專心121號編輯 #用心愛心專心121號編輯 #C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhemetomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenable用心愛心專心121號編輯 #werenotablearenotable用心愛心專心121號編輯 #Ifyouaskedyourfather,youpermission.D.maybegetA.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavecal

14、ledtoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.washeleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.IfheleavesIyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.用心愛心專心121號編輯 #用心愛心專心121號編輯 #A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were用心愛心專心121號編輯 Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A.couldloseB.

15、wouldhavelostC.mightloseD.oughttohavelostHadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbeIfyouJerryBrownuntilrecently,youdthinkthephotographontherightwasstrange.A.shouldntcontactB.didntcontactC.werenttocontactD.hadntcontactedheEnglishexaminat

16、ionIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSundayA.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.AsforLookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyIyouradviceA.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowedHadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.hadntcontactedIfthehorsewont

17、oday,itthirtyracesinfiveyears.A.wouldhavewonB.wonC.musthavewonD.didhavewonThereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,asuddenloudnoise.A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen17.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospital,haditbeenatallpossible,butIfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastwee

18、k.A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.wasIapologizeifIyou,butIassureyouitwasunintentional（無意的）.A.offendB.hadoffendedC.shouldhaveoffendedD.mighthaveoffendedIfyouhadnttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,wedtherebynow.A.beB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becirclingThesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesunroundt

19、heearth.A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becirclingIwishthatIwithyoulastnight.A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoIwishIwithher.D.couldhavegone0.31.A.wouldbeB.amC.wasD.were用心愛心專心121號編輯 #IwishthatItheconcertlastnight.A.couldB.haveattendedC.couldhaveattendedD.attended用心愛心

20、專心121號編輯 #用心愛心專心121號編輯 #Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishItoit.A.hadnotgonehavenotgone用心愛心專心121號編輯 #用心愛心專心121號編輯 #C.didnotgo“IwishyouD.cannothavegonemetoputthesethingsaway,hesaid.A.willhelpB.helpC.arehelpingD.wouldhelpIftheWatergateIncidentNixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency.A.didnotoc

21、curB.hadnotoccurredC.wasnotoccurringD.becirclingIhadntexpectedJamestoapologizebutIhadhoped.A.himcallingmeB.thathewouldcallmehimtocallmethathecallme用心愛心專心121號編輯 #用心愛心專心121號編輯 #Georgewouldcertainlyhaveattendedthemeeting.A.ifhedidntgetaflattireiftheflattirehadnthappened用心愛心專心121號編輯 #用心愛心專心121號編輯 #C.had

22、henothadaflattireD.hadthetirenotflatteneditselfTheteachersuggestedthatherstudentsexperienceswithESP.A.writeacompositionontheirB.towritecompositionaboutthewrotesomecompositionsofhisorherD.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhisHespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifheaChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeenAsusual,heputo

23、nashowasthoughhistripagreatsuccess.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wereD.was用心愛心專心121號編輯 32.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages.33.34.A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeenJohnissostronglybuiltthathelooksA.liftsB.isliftingC.asifheliftedHedescribedthetownasifheithimself.A.hadseenB.hasseenC.sawaselephant.D.could

24、liftD.seesAtthatthoughtheshookhimself,asthoughhefromanevildream.A.wokeB.wakesC.wouldwakeD.hadwoke用心愛心專心121號編輯 #用心愛心專心121號編輯 Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryouanythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.doB.dontC.didntD.didntdoAlthoughmostadoptedpersonswanttherighttoknowwhotheirnat

25、uralparentsare,somewhohavefoundthemwishthattheytheexperienceofmeeting.A.hadntB.didnthavehadC.hadnthadD.hadnthaveItisimportantthattheTOEFLofficeyourregistration.A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirmwithoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftodaysadvancedtechnology.A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbee

26、nachievedD.hadnotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachievedHespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifheaChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeenItistimethatthegovernmentmeasurestoprotecttherarebirdsandanimals.A.takesB.tookC.hastakenD.takingSomepeoplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthateveryapplicantalldiplom

27、asfromelementaryschooltouniversity.A.hasB.willhaveC.shouldhaveD.musthaveHewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehetothemeeting.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcomeImustsayhereadsverywell,andIshouldntbesurprisedifheactingforalivingoneday.A.hadtakenupB.takesupC.havetakenupD.wouldhavetakenupIfIhadseenthem

28、ovie,Iyouallaboutitnow.A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetoldIhadntexpectedHenrytoapologizebutIhadhoped.A.himtocallmeupB.himcallingmeupC.thathewouldcallmeupD.thathewillcallme9.60.61.IhadhopedthatJohnayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.A.spend

29、sB.spentC.wouldspendD.willspendIhadhopedthatJenniferadoctor,butshewasntgoodenoughatscience.A.willbecomeB.becameC.wouldbecomeD.becomesIdratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.doB.didntdoC.dontD.didntIdjustassoonrudelytoher.A.thatyouwontspeakB.younotspeakingC.younotspeakD.youdidntspeakItshightimeth

30、eythisroad.A.mendB.mendedC.musthavemendedD.willmendItsabouttimepeoplenoticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtakeEverybodyhasarrived.Itstimewetheclass.A.shallstartB.wouldstartC.hadstartedD.starttheEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.Becau

31、seofD.AsforMarymyletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.A.hasreceivedB.oughttohavereceivedC.couldnthavereceivedD.shouldnthavereceivedJohndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwisehetoseehisclassmatesoff.A.cameB.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldbecomingHesworkinghardforfearthathe.A.shouldfallbehindB.fell

32、behindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallbehindWithoutthedreamsoftheyouth,thisinventionmightforacentury.A.havebeenpostponedB.hasbeenpostponedC.postponeD.bepostponedInthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesinthehome.A.workedB.wouldworkC.workD.wereworkingForachildtogiveuphislessmatureideaforamorematureone,i

33、trequiresthatthechildpsychologicallyreadyforthenewidea.A.isB.wereC.beD.wouldbeTomsfather,aswellashismother,inNewYorkforafewdaysmore.A.askhimtostayaskhetostay62.askshestaysYouradvicethatA.shewaitsaskshestaytillnextweekisreasonable.B.shewaitC.waitsheD.shewaitedItwasessentialthatweleasebeforetheendofth

34、emonth.A.singB.singedC.hadsignedD.weresigningItisappropriatethatsometimethoroughstudyoftheresultsoftheApollomission.A.devotestoB.devotedtoC.isdevotedtoD.bedevotedto用心愛心專心121號編輯 7wwwDearEDUom一答案與詳解A.條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬。2.B.條件句表示與過去事實(shí)的虛擬。3.A.條件句表示與未來事實(shí)的虛擬。4.B.條件句表示與未來事實(shí)的相反。5.C.條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。6.D.條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)

35、的虛擬。B.這個句子中含有一個省略if，把助動詞提前到主語they之前的虛擬條件句，該條件句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句中bythetimetheywerefinished表明主句也應(yīng)該是對過去發(fā)生的情況的假設(shè)，因而應(yīng)該選（B）wouldhavelost為正確答案。（D）這道題目是一個混合虛擬語氣的句子。條件句省略了if，把助詞had提前到主語前面，表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句中now表明了對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)選would（should,could,might）+動詞原形這種表達(dá)形式。四個選項(xiàng)中只有（D）是正確表達(dá)形式，故為正確答案。（D）untilrecently，因此（D）是正確答案，

36、而主句是隱含的對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，該句是一個混合虛擬條件句。（B）假設(shè)的情況有時不是用一個條件句表示，而是隱含在一個由介詞如butfor、butthat、without,由連詞but、副詞otherwise、比較級、形容詞、獨(dú)立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上由于英語考試而沒有去成，即若不是因?yàn)橛⒄Z考試，我本可以去聽音樂會，所以應(yīng)選Butfor為正確答案。（C）題目中的第一句話表示的是現(xiàn)在真實(shí)的情況，而第二句話中所要表達(dá)的是應(yīng)該做但事實(shí)上沒有做的事，這種情況導(dǎo)致第一句話中真實(shí)情況的發(fā)生，故fonly條件句假設(shè)的是過去一種情況，因此應(yīng)該用had+過去分詞，所以正確答案是

37、（C）。D.注意主句now表示現(xiàn)在的時間狀語，所以主句是對現(xiàn)在虛擬，從句是對過去虛擬。A.從句對過去的虛擬。B.從句表示虛擬，而主句是事實(shí)。（D）本道題目的前半句話是對過去情況的一種假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上并沒有發(fā)生，而事實(shí)上沒有發(fā)生的真實(shí)原因是句子的后半部分由but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句所表述的真實(shí)。因而but所引導(dǎo)的句子中應(yīng)該用表示志過去事實(shí)相符合的表陳述的時態(tài)，即一般過去時。（B）此題要求在if從句中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~形式，以主句中的動詞apologize（抱歉）來看，if從句中表達(dá)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是過去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因?yàn)椋ˋ）是現(xiàn)在時。（C）中should+have+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示本來應(yīng)該做卻沒有做的事，在此不合題意。（D）選項(xiàng)中的might+have+過去分詞表示對過去發(fā)生的事情很不肯定的猜測，它表達(dá)的內(nèi)容還不能成為事實(shí)，所以藉此道歉真是不知從何說起，因此此處也不合題意。（B）hadoffended表示當(dāng)時已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動作。這是復(fù)雜條件句：apologize是現(xiàn)在，而條件句是表示對過去假設(shè)的條件句。（A）該句也是一個復(fù)雜條件句（或稱作混合虛擬條件句）。條件句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上卻與此相反，所以正確答案應(yīng)該是（A）。（A）asif引導(dǎo)的從句要求用虛擬語氣，表示同時或?qū)淼那闆r，動詞要用過去式（be動