人教版英語(yǔ)九全Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to.Section A（定語(yǔ)從句）導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、PAGE PAGE 5定語(yǔ)從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案輕松一刻：你如何給“成功”、“銀行家”、“人類(lèi)”“美”“婚姻”這些詞下定義呢？現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)看看這幾則定義吧：1. SUCCESSA successful man is one who makes more money than his wife can spend.A successful woman is one who can find such a man.2. A banker is a fellow who lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, but wants it backthe min

2、ute it begins to rain.3. Human beings are the only creatures on earth that allow their children to come back home.4. Beauty is the first present nature gives to woman and the first it takes away.5. Marriage is an institution in which a man loses his bachelors degree and the woman gets her masters.怎么

3、樣？是誰(shuí)在說(shuō)定語(yǔ)從句枯燥無(wú)趣的？我們?cè)賮?lái)看看充滿(mǎn)智慧的名言，給它們添加上合適的關(guān)系詞：1 . A friend _ you buy with presents will be bought from you.用禮物“買(mǎi)來(lái)”的朋友終會(huì)被買(mǎi)走。2. Friendship is the golden thread _ ties the hearts of all the world.友誼是一根金線(xiàn)，把全世界的心連在一起。3. Chances favor the minds _ are prepared.機(jī)遇總是降臨到時(shí)刻做好準(zhǔn)備的人身上。4. If you wait, all _ happens i

4、s that you get older.如果你等待，發(fā)生的只是你變老。5. He _ falls today, may rise tomorrow.今日失敗的人，也許明日就會(huì)奮起。6The worst bankrupt is the person _ has lost his enthusiasm. 最慘的破產(chǎn)就是喪失自己的熱情。7. Courage is the ladder on _ all the other virtues mount.勇氣是一架梯子，其他美德全靠它爬上去.。8. Never leave that until tomorrow, _ you can do today

5、.今天的事不要拖到明天。9. Love should be a tree _ roots are deep in the earth, but _ branches extend into heaven. 愛(ài)情之樹(shù)應(yīng)該深深扎在泥土中，而其枝條則要伸展于廣闊的天空。10. Home is the place _ ,when you have to go there , it has to take you in.無(wú)論何時(shí)何地家永遠(yuǎn)是向游子敞開(kāi)大門(mén)的地方。11. The only thing _will stop you from fulfilling your dreams is you.惟一阻

6、擋你實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的就是你自己。12. The dictionary is the only place _success comes before work.只有在字典中，“成功”才會(huì)出現(xiàn)在“工作”之前。13. The shortest word _I know is “I”. The sweetest word _I know is love.The only person _I never forget is you!（不必翻譯了吧？你懂的！）現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你看看下面的答案，看自己做對(duì)了多少：1. (who/that/whom) 2. which/that 3. which/that 4. that(

7、先行詞是指物的不定代詞時(shí)一般用that) 5. who/that 6. who/that 7. which（介詞后不用that喲） 8. which（先行詞是that, 我們就別重復(fù)用了吧，還有，看到逗號(hào)了吧？這是一句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句） 9. whose, whose 10.where 11. that 12. where 13. 這三句甜言蜜語(yǔ)中的關(guān)系代詞that均可省略掌握定語(yǔ)從句的用法，必須突破以下難關(guān)：重視內(nèi)涵本質(zhì) 我們見(jiàn)到定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一定要仔細(xì)分析一下定語(yǔ)從句的含義。不要一見(jiàn)到先行詞是時(shí)間或者地點(diǎn)名詞就用when或where引導(dǎo)，而應(yīng)看看引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)作什么成份。如果作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)

8、或原因狀語(yǔ)才能用when，where和why。也可以分析一下定語(yǔ)從句中是否有主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如果既有主語(yǔ)又有賓語(yǔ)，可以用when, where或why引導(dǎo)；假若沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，那么就要考慮是否用that或which來(lái)引導(dǎo)了。 如:A. Do you still remember the day_ we met? B. Do you remember the day_ we spent with professor Li in Xi an? 這兩句話(huà)里都含有表示時(shí)間的先行詞“the day”。那么，我們?cè)囍治鲆幌拢篈句從句中有主語(yǔ)“We”，也有在此處做不及物動(dòng)詞的“met”，因而，我們可以說(shuō)先行詞

9、“the day”既沒(méi)有作該從句的主語(yǔ)，也沒(méi)有作賓語(yǔ)，因此只能用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于“on which”也就是“on the day”的意思。而B(niǎo)句中主語(yǔ)是“we”，賓語(yǔ)沒(méi)有在“spent”后出現(xiàn)。由于“spent” 是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，故其引導(dǎo)詞只能用在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞“which”或“that”來(lái)引導(dǎo)了。類(lèi)似的例子還有： C. This is the place_we visited last year. A.where B、which C、to which D、by which).（選B . which是關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)，指物） D. We will visit the plac

10、e _ he worked three years ago. A.where B、which C、that D、by which).（選A. where是關(guān)系副詞作狀語(yǔ)）。 E. I went to Beijing last year, _ I visited the Great Wall. (A. when B、where C、which D. that) 在這句話(huà)里where也是關(guān)系副詞作狀語(yǔ)。但從形式上看主句和從句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，從內(nèi)容上看從句對(duì)先行詞作了補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明而不是修飾限制。因此它是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。（弱弱的問(wèn)一句：你知道限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別嗎？） 二、重視細(xì)節(jié)要求

11、 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句并且在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，該從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞；如果不是，就要在該動(dòng)詞后加上相應(yīng)介詞。如果關(guān)系代詞為which或whom，則要將介詞放在which或whom前。注意下面的句子； A. This is the book (that) I have learned a lot from. B. This is the book from which I have learned a lot. 上面兩個(gè)句子意思都是“這就是那本讓我獲益非淺的書(shū)”，但由于第二句由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，介詞from必須放在which之前。 C. Do you know the ma

12、n (that) she was talking to? D. Do you know the man to whom she was talking? 你認(rèn)識(shí)和她說(shuō)話(huà)的那個(gè)人嗎？（兩句中的to是否常常被你忘掉？） E. The house (that) he is living in is now a shop. F. The house in which he is living is now a shop. 他現(xiàn)在居住的房子現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)商店。（道理同上，注意in的位置。） 三、知其一還要知其二 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞who指人，是主格，在從句中做主語(yǔ)；whom是賓格，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；whose

13、是所有格，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，是定語(yǔ)從句中表示所屬關(guān)系的引導(dǎo)詞，意為“的”，既可以指人，也可以指物。然而，有些同學(xué)只知道whose意為“誰(shuí)的”， 只能表示人的所屬關(guān)系，這是一種錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識(shí)，應(yīng)該糾正過(guò)來(lái)。如： A. He is talking with the girl whose brother is my classmate. 他正在和那個(gè)弟弟是我同學(xué)的女孩說(shuō)話(huà)。 B. This is the boy whose father is our English teacher. 這就是那個(gè)父親是我們英語(yǔ)教師的男孩。 C. He lives in a house whose window opens

14、to the south. 他住在一間窗戶(hù)朝南開(kāi)的房子里。（whose意為“房子的”） I have just bought a new bike whose color is white. 我剛買(mǎi)了一輛白顏色的自行車(chē)。（whose意為“新自行車(chē)的”） 四、一山不容二虎，有which沒(méi)that，有that沒(méi)which that與which都可以修飾表示物的先行詞。于是，只要一見(jiàn)到表示物的先行詞，你老人家都用這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。殊不知，有些情況下只能用that引導(dǎo)，不能用which；有些情況下只能用which引導(dǎo)，不能用that。 1. 先行詞為all、everything、something、

15、anything、nothing 時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)。 A. Id like to tell you something that will make you surprised. 我想告訴一件使你感到驚奇的事。 B. Ill tell you everything/all (that) I saw in the United States. 我會(huì)把在美國(guó)看到的事情告訴你。 2. 先行詞被數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)形容詞以及the very、the only、the last等修飾時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)。 A. That is the only English book (that) he bought f

16、rom the bookstore yesterday. 這就是他昨天從書(shū)店買(mǎi)的唯一的那本英語(yǔ)書(shū)。 B. Agriculture was the most important invention that led to the beginning of civilization. 農(nóng)業(yè)是導(dǎo)致文明開(kāi)始的最重要的發(fā)明。 C. This is the very pen (that) he is looking for. 這正是他在尋找的鋼筆。 3先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo) A. Henry and his dog that appeared in street last week di

17、sappeared mysteriously in the forest yesterday. 亨利和他的小狗上周還在街上，昨天又神秘地消失在樹(shù)林里。 B. We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我們?cè)L問(wèn)過(guò)的老師和參觀(guān)過(guò)的學(xué)校給我們留下了深刻的印象。 4. 先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。 A. It is a dictionary that will help you a lot. 這是本對(duì)你很有幫助的字典。 B. He is no longer the man t

18、hat he was in our university. 他再也不是我們大學(xué)時(shí)的他了。 5關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)不用that。 This is the house in which I lived ten years ago. 這就是我十年前住過(guò)的房子。 6. 先行詞本身是that時(shí)不用that。（免得讓人以為是磕巴） I will tell you that which he said yesterday. 我會(huì)告訴你他昨天說(shuō)的話(huà)。 7引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不用that。（注意非限制性定語(yǔ)從句前有小逗逗?jiǎn)眩?A. I have lost my mobile phone, which is bo

19、ught by my father. 我丟了手機(jī)，那是我爸爸為我買(mǎi)的。 B. She entered a technical college, which made her mother very happy. 她上了一所技術(shù)學(xué)院，這使她母親非常高興。 五、不甘居人后的AS as，你知道它可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句。然而，有時(shí)它也可與“which”一樣，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代表主句所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。 A. She was ill yesterday, which made her mother very worried. 她昨天病了，這使她母親非常擔(dān)心。 B. Eat

20、ing too much, as is well known, is not good for our health. (as譯為“正如”) 正如大家所知道的那樣，吃的過(guò)多對(duì)我們的健康不好。C. He opposed the idea, as could be expected. D. As could be expected, he opposed the idea. 正如所預(yù)料那樣，他反對(duì)這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)。 定語(yǔ)從句中，有且只有as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可放在句首，當(dāng)然也可放在句中或句尾。 例如： A. As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun. B. The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun. C. The earth turns around the sun, as is known to us all. 六、注意定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致性 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)必須與先行詞保持人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的一致