新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語綜合教程4(unit1-6)課后答案及課文翻譯

1、新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語綜合教程4(unit1-6)課后答案及課文翻譯應(yīng) Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series

2、of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that i

3、s not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isnt easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult(2) slumped on

4、a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their careeris going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when(4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass,th

5、ey begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard(6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or fouryears away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become

6、dependentagain on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3

7、 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; hes an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasnt

8、 got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a

9、pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you dont want to, or (b) help you bylistening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an info

10、rmal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) inthe same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a senseof sa

11、tisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in alazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do s

12、omething by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or(b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively,

13、 or (b) referto it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunatel

14、y)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someones problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of t

15、ime, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, Im now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what its like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didntneed to take out a

16、 student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who workedthere were good fun to be w

17、ith, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend wasalways Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I dont expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasnt much after theyd (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough tokeep me going.6 Replace the underline

18、d words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think shell get a good degree, but I wouldnt risk

19、my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheatin

20、g is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all its cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bitdisappointing?2 If so

21、meone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored bywhat they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you

22、 say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or(b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers mostoften?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not

23、 easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly tothem?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the placehappier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and ide

24、ntify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the bigwide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expre

25、ssion(banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god,when will they grow up?) This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to

26、thereader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind

27、of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague ornot definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I coulduse my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 . its true, he rea

28、lly did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (its true).7 I talked to him about . well, about pretty well everything This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).Language in useword formation: compound nouns1

29、 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room wher

30、e an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (r

31、ecently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potent

32、ial to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as might .

33、1 Im trying to fill this last page, but I just cant think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just cant think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesnt seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesnt seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sle

34、ep, but I cant help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I cant help thinking about my family.4 He just doesnt seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesnt seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get thepro

35、motion he deserves, he just doesnt seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that 4 Rewrite the sentences using given that 1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given th

36、at I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since were all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that were

37、all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since its rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that its rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduc

38、ed by than .1 Shes experienced at giving advice. Im more experienced.Shes less experienced at giving advice than I am. / Im more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isnt good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most pa

39、rt-timers dont work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isnt acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I dont think you should have given so much personal information. It isnt wise.I think you have given more personal

40、 information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be

41、to receive a national award for the best studentresearch project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores

42、a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I havent. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off

43、 quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of b

44、usiness thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think som

45、e couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to competewith the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all its cracked up to b

46、e. Twelve years at school and three years atuniversity, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life asstudents, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god,when will they grow up

47、?), but mostly with money. Its just so expensive out here! Everyone wants aslice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments onmy student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep comingin, and all thats before I

48、ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue,asking if Im interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I wont even last till the end of the year, letalone till Im 60.（ 翻譯時(shí)可以根據(jù)上下文增譯，即增加原文暗含了但沒有直接表達(dá)出來的意思。如最后一句譯文加了“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金”，點(diǎn)出了與上一句的關(guān)聯(lián)。）依我看，現(xiàn)實(shí)生活與人們想象的不一樣。我們上了12年的中、小學(xué)，又上了3年的大

49、學(xué)，這期間老師們一直在沒完沒了地談?wù)撛诎矊幍膶W(xué)生生活之外那個(gè)廣闊天地里的各種機(jī)會(huì)，可我遇到的又是什么呢？無論我怎么想保持心情愉快，麻煩事總是接踵而來：有時(shí)是跟人爭(zhēng)吵（尤其是跟男孩，天哪！他們什么時(shí)候才能長(zhǎng)大？），但通常是為錢發(fā)愁。這個(gè)地方什么東西都很貴！人人都想從我身上拿點(diǎn)錢去：國(guó)稅局要收個(gè)人所得稅，銀行經(jīng)理要我償清學(xué)生貸款，房東催我交房租、燃?xì)赓M(fèi)、水費(fèi)、電費(fèi)，手機(jī)賬單也不斷地寄來。所有這些還沒算上吃飯的錢。更可氣的是，不知從哪里冒出一個(gè)自作聰明的家伙冷不丁地給我打電話，問我要不要買養(yǎng)老金。照這樣下去，我連今年都活不過去了，更別提活到60歲領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金了。8 Translate the parag

50、raphs into English.我認(rèn)為，選修第二專業(yè)并不適合每一位本科生。我大學(xué)本科主修英語專業(yè)，大一時(shí)就開始輔修經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)了。無疑，我是班里最用功的學(xué)生。我竭盡全力想同時(shí)達(dá)到兩個(gè)不同專業(yè)的要求，但還是有不及格的時(shí)候。因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)需要良好的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，我不得不花大量時(shí)間鉆研數(shù)學(xué)，因而忽略了英語學(xué)習(xí)。第二學(xué)期,英國(guó)文學(xué)及宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)兩門課不及格給我敲響了警鐘，這可是我一生中第一次考試不及格，這大大打擊了我的自信心。雖然我不是一個(gè)容易向命運(yùn)低頭的人，在暑假結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我還是決定放棄經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，以免兩個(gè)專業(yè)都難以完成。當(dāng)我只需修一個(gè)專業(yè)的時(shí)候，一切似乎又回到了正軌。 (if you ask me; odds

51、; try as might; sap ones confidence; given that; bow to fate;come to a close; for fear that; now that)If you ask me, taking a second major isnt good for every undergraduate. In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor. By all odds, I was the most hardworking student in my c

52、lass. But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still couldnt do well enough to pass all the exams. Given that the study of economics required a good command ofmathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English major.Failing English Litera

53、ture and Macroeconomics in the second semester sounded the alarm for me. This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence. Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for

54、fear that I would fail in both subjects. Now that I had only one subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again.Translation of the passagesActive reading (1)大學(xué)畢業(yè)找工作的第一要義：別躺在沙發(fā)上做夢(mèng)今年夏天，超過65 萬的大學(xué)生畢業(yè)離校，其中有許多人根本不知道怎么找工作。在當(dāng)今金融危機(jī)的背景下，做父母的該如何激勵(lì)他們？七月，你看著21 歲英俊的兒子穿上學(xué)士袍，戴上四方帽，驕傲地握著優(yōu)等學(xué)士學(xué)

55、位證書，拍畢業(yè)照。這時(shí)，記憶中每年支付幾千英鎊，好讓兒子吃好、能參加奇特聚會(huì)的印象開始消退。總算熬到頭了。等到暑假快要結(jié)束，全國(guó)各地的學(xué)生正在為新學(xué)期做準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)候，你發(fā)現(xiàn)大學(xué)畢業(yè)的兒子還歪躺在沙發(fā)上看電視。他只是偶爾走開去發(fā)短信，瀏覽社交網(wǎng)站Facebook，去酒吧喝酒。這位前“千禧一代”的后裔一夜之間變成了哼哼一代的成員。他能找到工作嗎？這就是成千上萬家庭所面臨的景象：今年夏天，超過65 萬大學(xué)生畢業(yè)，在當(dāng)今金融危機(jī)的背景下他們中的大多數(shù)人不知道自己下一步該做什么。父母只會(huì)嘮叨，而兒女們則毫無緣由地變成了叛逆者，他們知道自己該找份工作，但卻不知道如何去找。來自米德爾塞克斯郡的杰克古德溫今年夏

56、天從諾丁漢大學(xué)政治學(xué)系畢業(yè)，獲得二級(jí)一等榮譽(yù)學(xué)士學(xué)位。他走進(jìn)大學(xué)就業(yè)服務(wù)中心，又徑直走了出來，因?yàn)樗匆姾芏嗳嗽谀抢锱砰L(zhǎng)隊(duì)。跟他一起住的另外5 個(gè)男孩也都跟他一樣，進(jìn)去又出來了。找工作的壓力不大，雖然他所認(rèn)識(shí)的大多數(shù)女生都有更清晰的計(jì)劃。他說：“我申請(qǐng)政治學(xué)研究工作，但被拒了。他們給的年薪是1 萬8 千鎊，交完房租后所剩無幾，也就夠買一罐煮豆子，可他們還要有研究經(jīng)歷或碩士學(xué)位的人。然后我又申請(qǐng)了公務(wù)員速升計(jì)劃，并通過了筆試。但在面試時(shí)，他們說我太冷漠了，談吐太像專家治國(guó)國(guó)論者。我覺得自己不可能那樣，但我顯然就是那樣的?！贝蚰且院笏麄€(gè)夏天都在“躲”。他能夠輕松復(fù)述交通警察中的若干片段，他白天看

57、電視的時(shí)間太多，已經(jīng)到了影響健康的地步。跟朋友談自己漫無目標(biāo)的日子時(shí)，他才發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的處境和自己的并沒有兩樣。其中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市擺貨，其余的都是白天9 點(diǎn)到5 點(diǎn)“無所事事”，晚上去酒吧喝酒打發(fā)時(shí)間。要么，干脆就在酒吧工作？這樣還可以掙些酒錢。“我不想在酒吧工作，我上的是綜合性中學(xué)，我拼命讀書才考上了一所好大學(xué)。到了大學(xué)，我又埋頭苦讀，才得到一個(gè)好學(xué)位?？涩F(xiàn)在我卻跟那些沒上過大學(xué)的朋友處在同一個(gè)水平線上，他們整天給客人倒酒，干無聊的活。我覺得自己好像兜了一圈，又回到了原來的起點(diǎn)。他的母親杰奎琳古德溫為他辯護(hù)。她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為她的兒子已經(jīng)盡力了，她自己中學(xué)畢業(yè)后一直都在工作，可是她和她的丈

58、夫發(fā)現(xiàn)，建議兒子如何繼續(xù)找工作是件很棘手的事情。她說，“我一直都必須工作?，F(xiàn)在找工作很難，因?yàn)槿绻阌辛藢W(xué)位，學(xué)位就會(huì)為你提供新的機(jī)會(huì)，至少你自己會(huì)這么想?！彪m然現(xiàn)在她對(duì)兒子的態(tài)度還比較溫和，但是她心里很清楚，去南美度三星期的假之后，他的休假就結(jié)束了。他可能還得付房租，分擔(dān)家庭開支。她說，“在某個(gè)時(shí)候他們總該長(zhǎng)大成人，我們已經(jīng)幫了他們交了大學(xué)的學(xué)費(fèi)，所以他們也該給我們一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)回報(bào)了。南美度假就是一個(gè)分水嶺，他回來以后如果找不到工作，那就打圣誕節(jié)零工好了。”心理治療師蓋爾林登費(fèi)爾德是情感康復(fù)策略的作者。她說古德溫家長(zhǎng)的說法是很恰當(dāng)?shù)?，從上大學(xué)到工作的轉(zhuǎn)換對(duì)孩子和父母來說都很艱難，關(guān)鍵是他們要在支持

59、理解孩子和不溺愛孩子之間取得平衡?！案改傅闹饕蝿?wù)就是支持他們，如果他們教導(dǎo)孩子該如何做就會(huì)引起矛盾，”她說?！叭绻惺烊?，一定要找他們想辦法。但很多父母心太軟了。必須限制孩子的零花錢，要求他們交房租，或分擔(dān)日常生活或養(yǎng)寵物的花銷。父母要過正常的生活，不要讓孩子隨便用你們的銀行卡或者榨干你們的情感能量?！睘樗麄冎Ц堵殬I(yè)咨詢費(fèi)、面試交通費(fèi)及書費(fèi)是好事，但不能催得太緊。林登費(fèi)爾德建議：雖說父母不能太寬容，但是如果孩子找工作遇到了挫折，父母應(yīng)該體諒他們，寬容他們幾天甚至幾周這要看他們受打擊的程度來決定。等他們緩過來之后，父母就該堅(jiān)決要求孩子繼續(xù)求職。男孩更容易困在家里。林登費(fèi)爾德相信男人比母親和姐妹

60、更容易幫助他們的兒子、侄子、或朋友的兒子。她說，由于男人和女人處理挫折的方式不同，孩子們需要跟男人談話，才能度過難關(guān)。她強(qiáng)烈支持他們?nèi)ゾ瓢晒ぷ鳎耗鞘强朔厴I(yè)冷漠癥的一劑良方。這工作好不好要取決于你如何看待它。就是在酒吧打工的時(shí)候，林登費(fèi)爾德找到了她的第一份工作，當(dāng)航拍助手。她說在酒吧工作是拓展人際關(guān)系的絕好機(jī)會(huì)，肯定比賴在家里看電視更容易找到工作。她說：“給超市上貨也一樣。如果干得好，你就會(huì)被人發(fā)現(xiàn)的。如果你聰明、活潑，對(duì)顧客彬彬有禮，你很快就會(huì)升職。所以，把它看作是機(jī)會(huì)，那些最終能成功的人士都有在超市上貨的經(jīng)歷?！蹦愕膬鹤踊蚺畠嚎赡懿粫?huì)干好萊塢影星們干過的活，比如像烏比戈德堡那樣去停尸房給死