八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

1、 八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納M1重要語法：感官性系統(tǒng)詞：feel（摸起來）、bok（看起來）、smell（聞起來）、taste（嘗起來）sound（聽起來）,后接形容詞作表語，不能接副詞。構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句要借助助動(dòng)詞。Thesilkdressfeelssoft.TheflowersOokverybeautiful.Doesitsmellnice?Thesongdoesntsoundnoisy.Whatadelicioussmell!多么香?。?duì)名詞或名詞短語感嘆用what感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)：What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語）！aWhataninterestingbookiti

2、s!.What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語）！Whatbadweatheritistoday!Whatgoodstudentstheyare!對(duì)形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞感嘆用howHow+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！Howfastheisrunning!Howdeliciousitsmells!HowImissthedayswespenttogether!我多么懷念我們一起度過的日子！mafrai句+子:恐怕Imafrahfehasnotimetoday.bedone做好了Isyourhomeworkdone?你的作業(yè)做好了嗎?Dinnerisdone!晚飯做好了！haveatry試一

3、試；嘗一嘗haveasweettooth喜好甜食thanksfor=thankyoufo葉名詞/動(dòng)詞-ing。因而感謝你。Thanksforyourhelp.=Thanksforhelpingme.Thankyouforinvitingmetoyourparty.hearfrom=get/receiVetterfrom收到的來信cantwaittosth.迫不及待去做某事Icantwaittoseeyou.人+spend+時(shí)間（in）doingsth.。=Ittakes+人+時(shí)間+todosth.某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間做某事Hespenttwodays（in）readingthenovel.=ltt

4、ookhimtwodaystoreadthenovel.too也（置于句末，前加逗號(hào)）also也（置于居中be或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后）aswell也（置于句末，前不加逗號(hào)）beproudof以為豪Myparentsareproudofme.Howdoyoufeelabout+名詞/動(dòng)詞-ing?=Whatdoyouthinkof+名詞/動(dòng)詞-ing?你覺得怎么樣Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?HowdoyoufeelaboutcomingtoChina?=WhatdoyouthinkofcomingtoChina?beafraidof

5、+名詞/動(dòng)詞-ing:害怕amafaidofdog/goingoutatnight.beafraidofdoingsth.=beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事Sheisafraidofsleepingaloneatnight.=Sheisafraidtosieepaloneatnight.Whatdoessb.boklike?某人長得怎么樣（問外表）J答：short/tall/young/pretty丨Whatissblike?某人性格怎么樣？（問性格或品質(zhì)）答:quiet/nice/strict/kind.-WhatdoesyourEnglishteacherlooklike?-He

6、istallwithpairofglasses.-WhatisyourEnglishteacherlike?-Heisstrictbutfriendly.M2重要語法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（一）:描述過去已經(jīng)、曾經(jīng)或還沒有做過某事的經(jīng)歷或體驗(yàn)，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞（否定）havent/hasn動(dòng)詞過去分詞含義：已經(jīng)/曾經(jīng)做過還沒有做過標(biāo)志詞：already、ever、never、yet、just等。Ihaveseenthemovie.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影。（我現(xiàn)在了解該電影了。）Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.他已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。（他可以交作

7、業(yè)了）Wehaventhaddinnerye我們還沒有吃晚飯。（我們現(xiàn)在餓）Haveyoueverenteredaspeakingcompetition?你曾經(jīng)參加過演講比賽嗎？（變一般疑問句把have/has提到句首）Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.enteracompetition=takepartinacompetition參加競賽helpsb.（to）dosth.幫助某人做某事HeoftenhelpsmelearnEnglish./affordsth.買得起某物leantaffordthenewbike.Laffordtodosth.付得起錢去做某事=haveenoughm

8、oneytobuysth.Shecantaffordtogotosch她沒錢去上學(xué)。stoptodosth.=stopandthendosth.停下來去做某事一stopdoingsth.停止做某事Imtired.Letsstoptoh我累了es讓我們停下來休息一下吧！Itstimeforclassnow.Let上課s時(shí)間到了ng辻我們不要講話了！makeup編寫makeupastory編故事makeit/themup（代詞要放中間）nvitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事fifteen-year-old十五歲的（復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞不能加s作定語）fifteenyearsold十五歲（短語

9、，不能作定語，常作表語）Heisfifteenyearsold.=Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.atthemoment=now此刻（常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中）-have/hasbeento+某地：曾經(jīng)去過某地（人已經(jīng)回來，常與次數(shù)連用）:have/hasgoneto+某地：到某地去了（人未回，不能與次數(shù)連用）have/hasbeenin+某地：在某地呆/逗留（常與for+時(shí)間段連用）IhavebeentoHongKongtwiceHeisntherenow.HehasgonetotheUSA.WehavebeeninChinafor20years.bedifferentfrom與

10、不同findit+形容詞+todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是的（it是形式賓語，無義，替代后面不定式）Ifinditeasytolearnmaths.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)很容易。TonyfindsithardtospeakChinese.托尼發(fā)現(xiàn)說漢語很難。sofar到目前為止（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）SofarIhaveIearnt3,000Englishwords.allovertheworld=aroundtheworld全世界countdown倒數(shù)M3already已經(jīng)（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)肯定句句中或句末）Ihavealreadyknownhimyet尚，還（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定句或疑問句句末）Hasita

11、rrivedyet？just剛剛（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)肯定句句中）Theyhavejustarrived.Whatareyourupto?=Whatareyoudoing?你在忙什么？mnotsdrnawtomakeit.二ImnotshowIcanmakeit.Thatswl那就是.的原因了。inorderto+動(dòng)詞原形：為了Heworkssohardinordertogetthebestscore.Isothat+句子二inorderthat+句子：為了Heworkssohardsothat（inorderthat）hecangetthebestscore.jthereis（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式）t

12、herehasbeen已經(jīng)有/存在thereare（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式）therehavebeen已經(jīng)有/存在Therehavebeenmanybuildingsinourvillagesince15yearsago.goaround圍繞轉(zhuǎn)|noneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/賓格+動(dòng)詞（單/復(fù)形）：沒有一個(gè)（既指人也指物）Inoone+動(dòng)詞（單）=nobody（僅指人，不與of連用，常用于who提出的問題）Noneofthestudentsknow（s）theanwer.沒有一個(gè)學(xué)生知道答案。-Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?-None.個(gè)也沒有（強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量）Nooneknows

13、theanswer.-Whosintheclassroom?。one.沒有人（強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒有人）becalled被稱為10.asmallpartof的一小部分municatewith與聯(lián)系12.finishdoingsth.完成做某事writeback回信M4重要語法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（二）：描述一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在乃至將來有多長時(shí)間。常與“for+寸間段/since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”sofar、recently（最近）、inthelast10years（最近十年）等表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間連用，也用于howlong問句中。IhavelearntEnglishfor6yearsHehaslivedheresin

14、cehewasbornChinahaschangedalotinthelast30yearsHowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?特別注意：在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（二）中，與“for+寸間段/since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或howlong問句中，動(dòng)詞必須為可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（learn,stay,live），不能為短暫性動(dòng)詞（buy,borrow,die若為短暫性動(dòng)詞則要轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短語。女口：buy-haveborrowkeep/haveleavebeawaydiebedeadcome/go/reachbeinjointhepartybeintheparty錯(cuò)誤：Ihaveboughttheb

15、ikefor3days.（buy為短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與for+時(shí)間段連用）正確：Ihavehad/keptthebikefor3days.（將buy改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have（問）-Howlong多久.?（答）For+時(shí)間段/since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)。Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?你這樣多久了？Ihavebeenillforaboutthreedays.我生病大約三天了。catchacold感冒haveafever發(fā)燒takeonestemperat測r量某人的體溫doexercise鍛煉fastfood快餐notusually不經(jīng)常threetimesaday一天三次beharm

16、fulto對(duì)有害Playingcomputergamesisharmfultoyoureyes.bydoing通過做.decide（not）todosth.決心（不）做某事inexcellent/badcondition身體狀況良好/差ridetowork=gotoworkbybike騎車上班arriveat/in=getto=reach至U達(dá)withasmileononesfac帶笑臉goforarun去跑步feelawful感到不適allover渾身；遍及too太而不能Theboytooyoungtogotoschool.choosesb.toobsth.選擇某人去干某事ontheway在

17、路上M51.Itstime動(dòng)詞）dosth.=ItItstimetdnaveclass.=Itplaygames.=eatdinner.=fight（foughtfoutht）sb.打某人stime名）詞）sth.該做某事的時(shí)候了。stimeaos./games.dinnerfightwithsb.與某人打架fightfor為而戰(zhàn)flythrough飛越climbup爬上Iwanttobesomeonelikehim.我想成為想他那樣的人。keepdoingsomething不斷做某事keepsb.d）ingsth.讓某人一直做某事keepsbfromdoingsth.=stopsb.from

18、doingsth.阻止某人做某事Keeptrying,andyoullsuc（e成功）.不斷嘗試，你就會(huì)成功！cantheipgisth.情不自禁做某事Shecouldnthelpcryinwhensheheardthenews.IcanthelpmissinyouwhenIseethephotos.Thelittleboycanthelpdancingththerockmusic.7.over=morethan超過wintheheartofsb.贏得某人的心Theboywontheheartofthebeautifulgirl.makeaterriblemess弄得一團(tuán)糟expecttodo

19、sth.期待做某事Iexpecttoseeyousoon.eversince+句子（一般過去時(shí)）常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）Whe1980s在二十世紀(jì)八十年代in1980在1980年（沒有the和s）findreallifehardtounderstand=findithardtounderstandrealhard發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活難以理解find+賓格+形容詞+todo=fndit+形容詞+todo+賓格：發(fā)現(xiàn)做是的aswellas=with/andalso和；以及；也；像一樣好HecanspeakEnglishaswe

20、llasFrench他會(huì)說英語，也會(huì)說法語。TonyaswellashisparentslivesinChinanow.托尼和他的父母現(xiàn)在住在國。（動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)就遠(yuǎn)原則，與aswellas前的主語人稱和數(shù)一致）IcanspeakEnglishaswellashim.我的英語說得想他一樣好。cometolife復(fù)活/恢復(fù)生氣bepopularwithsb.收到某人的歡迎幾種時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別：時(shí)態(tài)概念標(biāo)志詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性地動(dòng)作般過去式：過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞形式時(shí)間動(dòng)詞原形/三單oftenusuallysometimes動(dòng)詞過去式everyday/weekyesterdayagojust

21、now,lastweek/year-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):r已經(jīng)或曾經(jīng)干過某事，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響have/has+過去分詞alreadyyetjustnever.過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)碛卸嗑?。Lfor+時(shí)間段、since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，sofar,rencentlyM6takeup占據(jù)（空間/時(shí)間）Thedesktookuptoomuchroom.Playingcomputergameshastakenupmostofhistime.從事Hetookupartatschool.他在學(xué)校教美術(shù)。findsomewheretositdown找地方坐下abitof+不可數(shù)名詞=alittleofabitoffo

22、od/orangejuiceabitofamess有點(diǎn)舌Labit+形容詞/副詞=alittleabittired/hungry區(qū)別：notabit:一點(diǎn)也不notalittle:很/非常must一定（表推測）Itmustbereallyvaluable.他一定很值錢。as+（形容詞/副詞）原級(jí)+as:像一樣Heisastallashisbrother.否定：notasas不如如.Tomisnotastallashisbrother.inone在lif某人）一生中makesb./sth.+動(dòng)詞原形:使某人/某物做某事Donmakemelaugh.Thebossmadetheworkerwork

23、foralongtime.類似：letsb./sth.+動(dòng)詞原形：讓某人/某物做某事growasaperson長大成人someothers些另外一些developoneinterest培養(yǎng)某人的興趣aswellas=besides除了之外，還包括.AswellasTom,hisparentscametotheparty.湯姆和他的父母都來參加了這個(gè)聚會(huì)。encouragesb.tocbsth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事comeout出版；外出；asaresult結(jié)果asaresultof由于“:.二becauseofHedidntworkhaas.aresult,hedidntpasstheexam.be

24、interestedin+名詞/動(dòng)詞-ing:對(duì)感興趣Iamveryinterestedinmaths.Areyouinterestedindancing?sb.spend+時(shí)間+doingsth.某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間做某事。=Ittakessb.+時(shí)間+todosth.Heusuallyspendslotsoftimeplayingcomputergames.=Itusuallytakeshimlotsoftimetoplaycomputergames.M7preparefor為做準(zhǔn)備=getreadyformakealistof列的清單getre把dy準(zhǔn)備好4.Itsoundscrazy.這聽

25、起來很荒唐。Idontknowhattotake.（簡單句=IdontknowhatIshouldtake.（復(fù)合句）attheendof在的盡頭/結(jié)尾Is200dollarsenough?（金錢、時(shí)間、距離做主語時(shí)，視作單數(shù)）50yearsislongtime.100metresisashortdistanee.hadbetter+動(dòng)詞原形：最好做某事Youhadbetterstayhomeatnight.否定：hadbetternot+動(dòng)詞原形：最好不要做某事：Youdbetternotgoutnow.bytheway順便說一下gocrazy變瘋inagroupof20二十人一組offer

26、sb.sth.=offersth.tosb.向某人提供某物Heofferedthepoorlotsoffoodandwater.offertodosth.自愿去做某事Theyofferedtohelpme.learnabout了解atthesametime同時(shí)bewelltrained受過良好培訓(xùn)dependon依賴；取決于providesb.sth.提供某人某物=providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.settests安排考試formclosefriendshipswith與結(jié)成親密的友誼stayintouchwith和保持聯(lián)系taketripsto至U去旅行

27、atleast至少fillout填寫M8重要語法：賓語從句：。本模塊重點(diǎn)：由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that無義，可省,后接陳述句作賓語。賓語從句復(fù)合句=主句+引導(dǎo)詞+賓語從句。Icanhardlybelieve（that）weZ_eTonyguessesthattheparkisverypopular.Linglingsuggeststhattheyspendthedaythere.Linglingdoesntthirtheparkwillbebusy.主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系：主句：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句：需根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用不同時(shí)態(tài)Shesays（that）sheworksfromMondaytoFri

28、day.（從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）Shesays（that）shewillleaveamessageonhisdsk.（從句為一般將來時(shí)）Mygrandparentsoftentellmetheylivedahardlifeinthepast.（從句為一般過去時(shí)）Xiaomingsayshehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.（從句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）主句：一般過去時(shí)從句：一般過去時(shí)/過去時(shí)的某種時(shí)態(tài)Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.（從句用一般過去時(shí)）Hesaid（that）hewasgoingtotakecareo

29、fthebaby.（從句用過去將來時(shí)）Ourteachertodushehadtaughtherefor20years.（從句用過去完成時(shí)）特殊情況：從句描述的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、科學(xué)名言警句等不以時(shí)間改變而改變的事實(shí)時(shí)，不管主句為何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句總是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.他說光比聲音傳播得快）Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.（客觀事實(shí)）Shesaid（that）herfatherisJwenty-eightyearsolderthanher.（客觀事實(shí)）Myfathert

30、oldus（that）nothingis_difficultifweputourheartsintoit.（客觀真理）注意：當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think或believe，賓語從句要表達(dá)否定時(shí)，要把從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。IdontthinkheisgoingtohelpyouwithyourEnglish.Wecbntbelievfeatwehavewonthebasketballmatch.hardly幾乎不=almostnotHecanhardlybelievetheresult,canhe?（前否后肯）sothat如此以至于Thelittleboyissoyoungthathecantg

31、otoschool.=Thelittleboyistooyoungto_gotoschool.=Thelittleboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.sothat以便；為了=inordertharHegotupearlysothathecouldcatchuptheearlybus.hearsb./sth.+動(dòng)詞原形：聽見某人/某物（經(jīng)常/過去）做hearsb./sth.+動(dòng)詞-ing:聽見某人/某物正在做Ioftenhearherplaythepianoinherroom.Iheardherplaythepianoinherroomlastnight.Ihearher

32、playingthepianoinherroomnow.befamousfor因而著名befamousas+職業(yè)/身份：作為而出名Thisparkisfamousforitslake.Luxunisfamousas_awriter.allowdoingsth.允許做某事Theydontallowsmokinghereallowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事Hisparentsallowedhimtogooutwithme.allow+that從句：Heallowedthattheywereright.他承認(rèn)他們是對(duì)的Itsbetter（forsb.）otstd.（對(duì)某人來說）最好去做某事

33、。Itsbetterforyoutostopsmoking.=Youhadbetterstopsmoking.pointout指出pointat/to指著（近物/遠(yuǎn)物）atthetopof在的頂部moveabout四處走動(dòng)promisetodosth.答應(yīng)做某事Hmisenottodosth.保證不做某事Tmise+that從句：Myparentspromisethattheywillbuymeanewshirt.haveawonderfultime玩得開心magicland仙境squarekilometer平方公里byasmalllake在小湖邊wa

34、kesb.up喚醒某人withoutdoing沒有做.Wecameoutwithoutmakinganynoise.13.ltisapitythat+從句。真遺憾.Itsapitythatyouhavemissedtheparty.walkdownthepath順路而下putleavesoffplants從植物扯下葉子thesecondlargest第二大.（the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)：第幾最.）fallasleep入睡M9重要語法：if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句復(fù)合句，if/whether意為是否”用在將直接引語（說話人說得話）為一般疑問句的簡單句轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語（轉(zhuǎn)述他人的話）的復(fù)合句中做引

35、導(dǎo)詞，轉(zhuǎn)化后需將一般疑問句變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌搓愂稣Z序?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主句+if/whether+賓語從句（用陳述語序）（直接引語）Areyouateacher?”heasks.（間接引語）Heasksif/whetherIamateacher.（直接引語）“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”theteacheraskedhim.（間接引語）Theteacheraskedif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.間接引語也就是if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Hewantstoknowifitwillraintomorrow.Idontknowhether

36、heisathomeornot.注：if和whether一般情況下可以互換使用，但如下情況，不能用if,只能用whether:在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whetherIdontknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse（拒絕）.在whetherornot的固定搭配中。Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.在介詞后，只能用whether。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.賓語從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，只能用whether。Whetheritistrueornot,Icanttell.用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，只用whether。如用w

37、hether可避免歧義。特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（what/where/when/which/why/how/howmany基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+特殊疑問詞+賓語從句（用陳述語序）直接引語為特殊疑問句的簡單句轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語復(fù)合句時(shí),用原來的特殊疑問詞作引導(dǎo)詞，但后面需改為陳述句，即陳述語序。（直弓丨）“Whatsyourname?r.”Liasksme.（間弓I）Mr.Liaskswhatmynameis.（直弓丨）“Whydidheaskforhelp?heasked.（間引）Heaskedwhyheaskedforhelp.間引即為特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Wheredoeshecomefrom

38、?Idontknow（合并句子）Idontknowherehecomesfrom.（合并后，原來的特殊疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句，故要改為陳述句，因?yàn)樗辉偈菃柧淞耍〩owcanIgetthere?Canyoutellme?（合并句子）CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere?（解析同上）注：if/whether和特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句復(fù)合句，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)與that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句復(fù)合句一樣，需注意主從句時(shí)態(tài)的變化。mentionsth.to_sb.向某人提及某事takeamessage（forsb.）:（為某人）捎口信打電話用語：Whoscalling?=Whosthatspd你是

39、哪位？Isthat（speaking）是嗎？Thisisspea我是.Could/MayIspeakto我可以和說話嗎？haveaproblemwithsb.和某人之間出了問題getseparated分開explainsth.tosb.向某人解析某事Pleaseexplainthemeaningtome.4explain+疑問詞+不定式：Couldyouexplainhowtodoitwell?、explain+賓語從句：Couldyouexplainwhathappenedthen?refusetodosth.拒絕做某事Herefusedtohelpme.feel/besureof對(duì)有把握regrettodosth.遺憾地（要）做某事（還未做）regretregretted-regretted_Iregrettedsclodinghimtheotherday.我后悔幾天前責(zé)備過他。regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事（已經(jīng)做過了）Iregettotellyouthatyouaredismissed.我遺憾地告訴你：你被開除了。bepatientwithsb.對(duì)某人耐心introduceAtoB:把A介紹給B（認(rèn)識(shí)）encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事Myparentsalwaysencouragemet