簡單句基本句型復(fù)習(xí)

1、PAGE PAGE - 9 -英語基本句型復(fù)習(xí)英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)說明：S主語；V謂語；P表語；O賓語；O1間接賓語；O2直接賓語；C賓語補足語一Subject (主語) Verb (謂語) 此句型的句子有一個共同特點,即句子的謂語動詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這種句型中的動詞基本上都是不及物動詞，這些動詞常見的有：appear, apol

2、ogize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等,但可以在其后添加修飾成分，如副詞，介詞短語，甚至狀語從句作狀語。如：Time flies.（主語+謂語）The moon rose.月亮升起來了。（主語+謂語）Birds sing beautifully.(副詞)They stayed in a hotel. （介詞短語） She apologized to me. 她再次向我道歉。 I had left when they came.(時間狀語從句)【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】. 根據(jù)漢語完成下列英語句子，每空一詞。1. 他在聽

3、。 He _ _.2. 昨晚你睡得好嗎？Did you _ _ last night?3. 這場雨持續(xù)了兩個小時。 The rain _ _ two hours. 4. 事物總是變化的。 Things always _.5. 他來中國的夢想實現(xiàn)了。 His dream to China _ _ _. . 單項選擇( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _. A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait( )7. It _ outside. I have to stay at ho

4、me.A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained( )8. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play( )9. What did your father say just now?Sorry, I dont know. I _ on the phone.A. am talking B. talk C. was tal

5、king D. have talked ( )10. You _ first and I _ behind. A. go; was following B. will go; follow C. will go; followed D. go; will follow二、S + V + P（主語系動詞表語）系動詞通常與表語一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)、特點或狀態(tài)等。表語通常由名詞、形容詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等充當(dāng)。常見的系動詞有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay

6、, seem等。如：All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友現(xiàn)在都在門外。The milk turned sour. 牛奶變酸了?！揪毩?xí)導(dǎo)航】翻譯下面的漢語句子。1. 他感到有點累。_2. 這聽起來是個好主意。_3. 海倫在家嗎？_4. 我的電腦在書房里。_5. 他的夢想是成為一名醫(yī)生。_6. 我最喜歡的運動是游泳。_7. 問題是你想干什么。_8. 他總是樂于助人。_9. 這盤菜聞起來不錯。_10. 那個女孩是我的妹妹。_三、S + V + O（主語及物動詞賓語）及物動詞后面必須接賓語才能表達(dá)一個完整的意思。賓語是動作的承受者，一般由名詞

7、、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當(dāng)。如：Hes having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。I prefer standing. 我寧愿站著。He promised to lend me some books. 他答應(yīng)借給我?guī)妆緯??！揪毩?xí)導(dǎo)航】. 找出下列句子的賓語。1. He handed in his homework this morning. _2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. _3. He forgot which way to go. _4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? _5. Ill do

8、what I can. _. 根據(jù)漢語完成下列英語句子，每空一詞。6. 你認(rèn)識這些人嗎？Do you _ _ _?7. 今天早上他完成了報告。He _ _ _ this morning.8. 現(xiàn)在我來自我介紹一下。Now Ill _ _. 9. 他已經(jīng)決定搬到北京去了。He has decided _ _ _ Beijing.10. 我不記得事故是什么時候發(fā)生的。I dont remember _ the accident _.四、S + V + IO + DO（主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語）有些及物動詞，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write,

9、 buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以帶雙賓語，一個賓語指人，稱為間接賓語；另一個指物，稱為直接賓語。及物動詞帶雙賓語通常有以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：1. 及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語2. 及物動詞+直接賓語+to / for+間接賓語【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】. 找出下列句子中的直接賓語。1. She gave me her telephone number. _2. Bring me some water, please. _3. Ill make you some fresh tea. _4. He sang us a folk song. _5. She showed me

10、 her paintings. _. 將下列句子改為同義句。6. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.8. She cooked us a delicious meal. She _ a delicious meal _ us. 9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ m

11、e. 10. She made me a cup of coffee. She _ a cup of coffee _ me. 【溫馨提示】某些動詞引導(dǎo)的間接賓語可改為to引導(dǎo)的短語，這類動詞有g(shù)ive, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：Can you lend us your car? 你能把車借給我們嗎？Can you lend your car to us? 某些動詞引導(dǎo)的間接賓語可改為for引導(dǎo)的短語，這類動詞有buy, play, get, make, ord

12、er, choose, sing, pay等。如：My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔給我買了一塊表。My uncle bought a watch for me.五、S + V + O + OC（主語及物動詞賓語賓語補足語）有些及物動詞加上賓語后，它的意思表達(dá)還是不完整，這就需要再加上一個補足語來使句子的意思完整。賓語補足語通常由形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、V-ing形式等充當(dāng)。如：Please dont call me Lucy. 請不要叫我露西。I found the box empty. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子是空的。The teacher told us

13、to do some exercises. 老師要我們做一些練習(xí)題。【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】. 找出下列句子中的賓語補足語。1. They call their daughter Mary. _2. Dont leave me behind. _3. I wish you to be happy. _4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. _5. Good food keeps you healthy. _. 翻譯下面的漢語句子。6. 他們請我和他們一道去。_7. 我剛才看見她在跟簡談話。_8. 你認(rèn)為這部電影精彩嗎？_9. 你建議我做什么？ _10. 你注意到他進(jìn)來了嗎？_六

14、、there be句型 there be句型主要用來表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be動詞后面有兩個或兩個以上的主語，be動詞的選用需要遵循“就近原則”。如： There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本書和一支鋼筆?！揪毩?xí)導(dǎo)航】. 單項選擇( ) 1. There _ ice on the road last week.A. was B. were C. will be D. are( ) 2. There _ a football match on the playground this afte

15、rnoon.A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be ( ) 3. There _ to be something wrong with him.A. is B. was C. seems D. are ( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _?A. wont it B. wont there C. isnt it D. arent there( ) 5. There _ more than two hundred people killed in roa

16、d accidents since last month. A. was B. were C. have been D. are . 根據(jù)漢語完成下列英語句子，每空一詞。6. 一個男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。_ _ a boy _ with a dog in the yard. 7. 以前在街道拐角處有一家商店。_ _ _ _ a shop on the corner of the street. 8. 可能會有一個更好的辦法來做這件事。_ _ _ a better way to do this. 9. 沒有空氣就沒有聲音._ _ _ sound without air. 10. 沒有時間再等

17、你了。_ _ no time _ _ _ you. 練習(xí)：指出下面句子分別屬于哪個句型。 I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise. In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. I ca

18、n hear birds singing in the green trees. I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake. All this will be interesting and good for my health. So I want to go to the countryside for a change. 1. ( S + V ) _2. ( S + V +O ) _3. ( S + V + C ) _4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) _5. ( S + V + O + C ) _6. T

19、here be 句型 _基本句型（一）主語+不及物動詞 ( S + V )1. 他昨天早上起床很晚。_2. 那天晚上我們談了很多。_3. 會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。_4. 1919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五四”運動.( the May Fourth Movement)_5. 這個盒子重五斤。(kilo)_6. 五年前我住在北京。_7. 在過去十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。_基本句型（二）主語+及物動詞+賓語( S + V +O )1. 昨晚我寫了一封信。_2. 我父親能流利地說英語。fluently_3. 你介意我開窗戶嗎？_4. 你們必須在兩周之內(nèi)看完那些書。_5. 他指出我的作文中的錯誤。po

20、int out, composition_6. 我們必須派人去請醫(yī)生。_7. 你在工作中可以依靠他。_8. 寫完作文后，我們必須檢查一遍。go over_基本句型（三）主語+系動詞+表語( S + V + C )1.我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。_2. 這本書是關(guān)于美國歷史的書。_3. 她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。nursery_4. 他失業(yè)了。_5. 樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。_6. 這個報告聽起來很有意思。_7. 布朗夫人看起來很健康。_8. 十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。pianist_9. 孩子們，請保持安靜。 _基本句型（四）主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 ( S + V + IO + DO )1

21、. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。_2. 請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？dictionary_3. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。_4. 我替你叫輛出租車好嗎？_5. 這個學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。_6. 他把車票給列車員看。conductor_基本句型（五）主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語 ( S + V + O + C )1. 我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實的。consider_2. 我們把小偷釋放了。setfree_3. 他叫我們參加做游戲。_4. 我要你把真相告訴我。_5. 每天早晨，我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。_6. 那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了。makefrightened_7. 他每個月

22、理一次發(fā)。_8. 我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。_基本句型練習(xí)答案三 指出下面句子分別屬于哪個句型。1.（6） 2. (1) (3) (8) 3. (4) 4. (7) 5. (5) 6. (2)基本句型（一）主語+ 不及物動詞 ( S + V )1. He got up very late yesterday morning. 2. That evening we talked a great deal.3. The meeting will last two hours.4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.5. This

23、 box weighs five kilos. 6. I lived in Beijing five years ago.7. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.基本句型（二）主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 ( S + V +O )1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.My father can speak English fluently.3.Do you mind my opening the window.4.You must finish reading t

24、hese books in two weeks.5.He pointed out the mistakes in my composition.6.We must send for a doctor. 7.You can depend on him in your work.8.After writing a composition, we must go over it.基本句型（三）主語 + 系動詞 + 表語 ( S + V + C )1 My brothers are all college students.2 This book is about the history of the

25、 United States.3 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.4 He is out of work. 5. The leaves have turned yellow.6 The report sounds interesting. 7. Mrs. Brown looks very healthy8 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.9. Children , keep quiet please.基本句型（四）主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接

26、賓語 ( S + V + IO + DO )1. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.2. Would you please pass me the dictionary.3. My father has bought me a new bike.4. Shall I call you a taxi?5. This term I have written three letters to my parents.6. He showed the ticket to the conductor.基本句型（五）5. 主語 + 及物動詞 +

27、賓語 + 賓語補足語 ( S + V + O + C )1. All of us consider him honest. 2. The have set the thief free.3. He asked us to join in the game. 4. I want you to tell me the truth.5. Every morning we hear him read English aloud.6. The terrible sound made the children frightened.7. He has his hair cut once a month.8. We will make our school more beautiful. Key：一、. 1. is listening 2. sleep well 3. lasted for 4. change 5. has come true . 6-10 ABBCD二、 1. He feels a little tired. 2. It sounds a good idea. 3. Is Helen in? 4.