江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語語法考前串講

1、江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【1】倍數(shù)表示法a. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（或分數(shù)）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多Twice as much as b. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（分數(shù)）+ the size (amount，length) of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。c. 還可以用by+倍數(shù)，表示增加多少倍The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.

2、今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【2】 would rather do.than do可理解為“寧愿也不”。例如： He would rather resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.他寧可辭職也不干這種不正當?shù)墓串敗?would rather+從句，是一個常用的虛擬語氣句型 Would rather+從句,謂語一般用過去時來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼Ｆ湟鉃椤皩幵?還是 引導從句的that常省略。在談到過去的動作時，謂語則用過去完成時。 例 John wants to see me today. I wo

3、uld rather he came to tomorrow than today. 約翰今天想去看我。我寧愿他明天來看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示過去而是表示將來) 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【3】no sooner.than”、“hardly.when”和“scarcely. before” 以上三個句型的意思是“一就”。應當注意的是，在以上句型中，句子的前半部分一般用過去完成時，而后半部則用一般過去時。該句型通常采用倒裝語序。例如： No sooner had I opened the cage than the little bird flew out. =Scarce

4、ly (Hardly) had I opened the cage before (when) the little bird flew out. 我一開籠小鳥就飛出去了。 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【4】 anything but”、“nothing but”和 “all but” 英語中，“anything but”=never, “nothing but”=only, “all but”=almost, nearly。例如：He is anything but a scientist.他決不是科學家。I am nothing but a student.我不過是個學生。He is

5、 all but a fool.他幾乎是個傻瓜。 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【5】“superior to”、“inferior to”、“senior to” 和“junior to” 以上幾個形容詞表示比較時后面用“to”不用“than” superior to”意思是優(yōu)于，高于； “inferior to”意思是次于 ；“senior to ”意思是年長于，地位高于；“junior to”意思是年幼于，地位低于，遲于。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【6】不定式用法作表語 不定式可放在be動詞后面，形成表語。例如：My work is to clean the room eve

6、ry day.作定語 不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：I have a lot of work to do. 作狀語 to only to (卻), in order to, so as to, (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【7】先行詞為不定代詞everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.先行

7、詞前有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時，用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read. 先行詞被the only，the very，the last 修飾時，用that。e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【8】Which引導非限定性定語從句，其先行詞可是一個詞,也可是整個主句或主句的某一部分。e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A.

8、it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【9】“of + which/whom”可用來限定名詞、代詞、分數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞等。e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D.

9、to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【10】as/which 引導非限定性定語從句（1）關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句居句首時。As we all know, the earth is round. She has been late again, as was expected.（2）如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用wh

10、ich作主語。 Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.（3）當與such或the same連用時，一般用as。Such books as you tell me are interesting.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【11】分詞的否定式not + 分詞Not having received his letter, he decidedto call him.Not knowing his address, she cannot getin touch with him.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【12】分詞作作賓語

11、補足語分詞作賓語補足語，要看分詞與賓語的關(guān)系。若為主動關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞；若為被動關(guān)系，則用過去分詞。When I went into the classroom, I saw all the classmates writing composition according to what the teacher said.He had his leg injured in the basketball match yesterday.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講【13】 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，它邏輯上的主語必須與句子的主語一致。Walking through the park, the f

12、lowers looked very beautiful.（wrong）Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers.（right）Standing on the tower , the whole village could be seen. (wrong)Standing on the tower, we could see the whole village. (right)Seen from the tower, the village looks very beautiful.Compared with the business

13、card, the electronic dictionary is a little bigger. 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講14主語從句引導詞有連詞that (that 不可省),whether; 代詞有who, what ,which;副詞 when ,where, how, why 等.主語從句一律用陳述句語序,即主語在前,謂語在后.連接詞that在從句中無實際意義,但不能省略. whether可以引導主語從句,但if不能. whoever, whatever, whichever等詞可以引導主語從句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能.如

14、:1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講15whether和if都可以引導賓語從句 但: (1).當whether后緊跟or not時,不用if. 例: I dont know whether I will stay or not.

15、 (2).介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if. 例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講16表語從句The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.This is how Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.表語從句只能用whether,而不能用if 引導.不要使用 The reason is because that 句型,應使用

16、The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.例如: 今天早上他遲到的原因是因為路上行人太多. 誤: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 或:He was late this morning. That

17、was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講17同位語從句 在句中起同位語的作用.一般放在名詞 idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, order, suggestion, proof, message, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word等之后,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞.引導詞有連詞 that ; 1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea t

18、hat they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講18whether與if均為“是否”但下列情況下只用whether ： 1. whether引導主語從句并在句首 Whether he will come is not clear. 2. whether引導表語從句The question is whether hell come. 3. whet

19、her從句作介詞賓語 Im not sure about whether well win.4. 從句后緊跟“or not”或 “to” Whether you like it or not, you ll have to do it. 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講19If I + V-ed, I would .結(jié)構(gòu)If過去式動詞，主詞過去式助動詞（wouldshould 等）原形動詞說明這是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設句型。if 中的，不論為第幾人稱，一律用 were，were 可置于主詞前面，而省略 if。 If I knew his address, I could write to hi

20、m. 如果我知道他的住址，我會寫信給他。 If I were free now, I might call on him. 如果我有時間，我可能會去看他。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講20If I had V-ed, I would have .結(jié)構(gòu)Ifhad過去分詞，主詞wouldshould 等have過去分詞說明這是與過去事實相反的假設。 If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我當時看見他，我會告訴他實情。 I could have finished the task if I had had more time.

21、如果當時我能有多一點時間，我就能完成這項任務。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講21If I had V-ed, I would .結(jié)構(gòu)Ifhad過去分詞，主詞wouldshould 等原形動詞nowtoday說明這是不一致時的假設，亦稱混合假設條件句。 If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.如果他年輕時多努力一點，現(xiàn)在就能過得舒服些。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講22If I should ., I would.結(jié)構(gòu)Ifshould，wouldshould等原形動詞說明這是表示與未來事實相反的假設，if

22、要用 should，譯成“萬一”。 If he should come, I would tell him the truth. 萬一他來，我會把真相告訴他。If it should rain, our plan would be spoiled. 萬一下雨，我們的計劃就泡湯了。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講23If I were to ., I .結(jié)構(gòu)Ifwere to，wouldshould 等原形動詞說明這也是表示與未來狀況相反的假設，與“if . should, .”大致相同，但“if . were to”所表示的可能性更低，通常用以表示“與真理相反”的。 If the sun w

23、ere to rise in the west, he would pass the exam.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講24If it were not for .結(jié)構(gòu)if it were not for名詞子句，主詞wouldshould 等原形動詞But for your advice, I should have failed. 要不是你的忠告，我會失敗的。Were it not for his help, I could not finish the work.若非有他的幫助，我就不能完成這件工作2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講25If it had not been fo

24、r .結(jié)構(gòu)if it had not been for名詞子句，主詞wouldshould 等原形動詞說明此句型意為“若非（有）”。此類句構(gòu)專門用于表示與過去事實相反的。 If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果沒有他的幫忙，我應該已經(jīng)失敗。Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains. 要不是這位好心的向?qū)?，我可能就在山中迷路了?2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講26demand/insist that .結(jié)構(gòu)主詞

25、1意志動詞（demandinsist 等）（that）主詞2（should）原形動詞說明意志有四類：建議（suggest， mend，propose，advise，urge 等），要求（desire， ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等），命令（order，command 等），規(guī)定（ rule，regulate，stipulate 等）。其后接 that-時，該里的要用原形或“should”。美式英語通常省略 should。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講27It is proper . that .該句型表示“當然、應該、必要、適當”

26、之意 結(jié)構(gòu)It is意志形容詞（important 等）（that）主詞（should）原形動詞說明意志包括 important，necessary，imperative，essential，urgent，desirable， advisable， mendable，proper 等。that-中只能用 should，不可用 must，而 should 往往予以省略 2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講28If only + V-ed結(jié)構(gòu)If only過去式過去完成式說明此句型意為“要是就好了。”用過去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反；若用，則表示與過去事實相反。 If only I had a rich

27、 father. 要是我有個有錢的爸爸就好了。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講29虛擬語氣在it is time that句型中的應用該句型表示早該做而未做的事情。其表達形式為：It is time + (that)+（從句）主語 + were或過去式動詞It is about timeIt is high time -I think its time (that) they stopped this practice.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講30虛擬語氣用在would rather (sooner)后的that從句該句型表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責備。 -I would rather th

28、ey came tomorrow. -I could go myself but I would sooner you went.（我自己也能去，但我寧愿你去。）2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講31過去分詞作定語 與其修飾的詞是被動關(guān)系，相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 典型例題 1) The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

29、 A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 2）Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講32分詞作狀語As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.- Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于沒有收到他的信，我給他打了電話。 If

30、more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.- Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 假如多給些照顧，那些樹會長得更好。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講33選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊。Using the book, I fin

31、d it useful. 在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講34分詞作補語通常在感官動詞和使役動詞之后，如： I found my car missing.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見了。 Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講35分詞作插入語其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。generally speaking一般說來talking of (speaking of) 說道 strictly speaking 嚴格的說judging from 從判斷 all things conside

32、red 從整體來看taking all things into consideration全面看來Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的動作)2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講36分詞作時間狀語如果先與主動詞的動作，且強調(diào)先后， 要用having done。Having finished his homework, he went out. =As he had finished his homework, he went out.典型例題_ a reply, he

33、decided to write again. A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 答案C. 本題考查分詞的時態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.分詞的語態(tài)2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講37獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1）獨立主格結(jié)

34、構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。舉例：Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。如果不會判斷獨立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形式，不妨將句子改為條件句，例如本句改為If weather permits, well go out for a walk. 然后將if 去掉，再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可。This done, we went home.工作完成后，我們才回家。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法

35、考前串講38With的復合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨立主格表伴隨時，既可用分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。 with +名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語 典型例題The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied答案D. with +名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當分詞表示伴隨狀況時，其主語常常用with來引導。由于本句中名詞手與分詞綁是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞，選D.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講

36、39不定式的否定形式The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat該題考查不定式的否定式作主補。要注意warn后跟詞方式， warn sb. not to do sth. warn sb. against doing sth. 該題應該用結(jié)構(gòu)另外，not 應放在to之前。2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講40不定式的時態(tài)I would love _ to the party last night but I had to wor

37、k extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have goneRobert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to studyC. to be study D. to have been studying2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講41過去分詞作狀語_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

38、A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法。動詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應是主語 2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達法， A. Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的語境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講42過去分詞作定語The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played

39、 C. first playing D. to be first playing過去 分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動作以完成。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。 不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。所以A是正確的。First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講43ing 形式在句子中作狀語的用法European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the w

40、orld. A. making B. makes C. made D. to makeMaking it the popular sport in the world為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如： His parents died, leaving him an orphan. He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed2011江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法考前串講44過去分詞作補語The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out該題考查過去分詞作賓語補足語的用法。The plan 與carry out 的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。See sth.done 這結(jié)構(gòu)常見的還有watch(notice, observe,have 和m