大學(xué)英語(yǔ)UNIT1-5課后題及翻譯

1、UNIT 1Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.It implies, first a just conception of the ends of human life; secondly, a complete devotion to these ends; and thirdly, the attainment of these ends?goals2. Others, like Nietzsche, take the bull by the horns, and refuse to assume

2、that life must have a meaning and believe that progress is in a circle, and human achievements are a savage dance, instead of a trip to the market.confront the question fearlesslyThe Chinese ideal of life is drunk through with this sentiment.overwhelmed by4. It is, I must say, a brilliantly simple i

3、deal, so brilliantly simple that only the matter-of-fact Chinese mind could have conceived it, and yet one often wonders how theWest could have failed to see that the meaning of life lies in the sane and healthy enjoyment of it.realistic; pragmaticHumanism occupies, for instance, a mean position bet

4、ween the other-worldliness of religion and the materialism of the modern world.midwayTranslationTranslate the following paragraph into English.林語(yǔ)堂在論人性時(shí)，詳述了人的尊嚴(yán)。他說(shuō)，人類之所以優(yōu)于其他一切生物，因?yàn)槿祟惥哂杏蓭讉€(gè)要素構(gòu)成的尊嚴(yán)。首先，人有帶有游戲意味的好奇心，這種好奇心可看做是人類發(fā)展智慧的最早跡象。第二，人類有夢(mèng)幻。人生活在一個(gè)真實(shí)的世界里，卻有著夢(mèng)想另一個(gè)世界的能力和傾向。他說(shuō)，世界就像一個(gè)點(diǎn)菜餐館，每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為鄰座點(diǎn)的菜肴總比自己

5、點(diǎn)的菜肴更加誘人、更加可口。第三，人類有幽默感。他給幽默感很高的評(píng)價(jià)。他認(rèn)為，幽默與敏銳的感覺、合乎情理的精神以及頭腦探知矛盾、愚蠢和糟糕邏輯的微妙能力聯(lián)系在一起。幽默是人類智能的最高形式。林語(yǔ)堂還細(xì)致討論了個(gè)性主義的理念。他認(rèn)為，就文化而言，對(duì)某一文化的最后判斷是看它產(chǎn)生怎樣的男人和女人。他還用儒家的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)闡明自己的看法：身修而后家齊，家齊而后國(guó)治，國(guó)治而后天下平。Hints.詳 述.優(yōu) 于. 點(diǎn) 菜餐館.給 幽默感很高的評(píng)價(jià). 個(gè) 性主義.儒 家.身 修 而 后 家 齊elaborate onbe superior toa la carte restauranteulogize humor

6、 immensely the doctrine of the individual Confucianismwhen personal life iscultivated, then home life is regulated18.Key19. When he talks about being human, Lin Yutang elaborates on human dignity. He says that human beings are superior to any other living creatures thanks to human dignity which cons

7、ists of several elements. First of all, human beings have playful curiosity, which could be the first signs of developing human intelligence. Secondly, human beings have dreams. A man has the capacity and tendency to dream of another world though living in areal world. He says that the world is just

8、 like an a la carte restaurant where everybody thinks that the food the next table has ordered is invariably much more inviting and delicious than his own. Thirdly, human beings have a sense of humor. He eulogizes humor immensely, thinking that humor goes with good sense and the reasonable spirit, p

9、lus some subtle power of the mind in detecting inconsistencies and follies and bad logic. Humor is the highest form of human intelligence. Lin Yutang also talks in detail about the doctrine of the individual. He holds that the final judgment of any particular culture is what type of men and women it

10、 turns out as far as culture is concerned. He also uses the argument of Confucianism to illustrate his own point that when personal life is cultivated, then home life is regulated; when home life is regulated, then national life is regulated, then the world is at peace.20.UNIT 2I. Explain the italic

11、ized part in each sentence in your own words.1. Their sloppiness is merely the unfortunate consequence oftheir extreme moral rectitude.absolute moral righteousness and correctnessSomeday they are planning to alphabetize all their books and set up home catalogs.arrange in alphabetic orderBut while th

12、ese ambitious plans take clearer and clearer shape in their heads, the books spill from the shelves onto the floor, the clothes pile up in the hamper and closet, the family mementos accumulate in every drawer, the surface of the desk is buried under mounds of paper and the unread magazines threaten

13、to reach the ceiling.are gradually formed and developedNeat people are bums and clodsat heart.lazy and stupidWhat they want to do is get the whole thing over with so they can sit down and watch the rasslin .on TVfinish quickly what they have to doNeat people cut a clean swath through the organic as

14、well as the inorganic world.destroy ruthlessly the main part of32.TranslationTranslate the following paragraph into English.作 者認(rèn)為，整潔的人與隨意的人的根本差異是道德上的。前者將整潔放在至高的位置，做事遵循兩條不變的原則：從不兩次處理任何事；扔掉一切東西。他們頭腦清醒，目標(biāo)明確，但他們十分冷漠，以至在他們看來(lái)，人、動(dòng)物、物品都是一樣的東西。與前者形成鮮明對(duì)照的是，后者往往頭腦里充滿了各種各樣、一時(shí)沖動(dòng)的浪漫奇想。他們的理想太完美了，事實(shí)上是難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。更為重要的是，隨

15、意的人有一顆愛心，他們似乎對(duì)一切都有情感依戀。從某種意義上，我們可以這么說(shuō)，大多數(shù)政治家和將軍是屬于第一種類型的人，而大多數(shù)詩(shī)人和藝術(shù)家則是屬于第二種類型的人。. Hintsabove everything elseunvarying principlesIn sharp contrast; Contrasted.至 高的位置.不 變的原則.與 前者形成對(duì)照的是with the formerromantic whimsloving heartsentimental attachments.浪 漫奇想.愛 心.情 感依戀. Key.The author holds that the fundam

16、ental differencebetween neat people and sloppy people is moral. The former place neatness above everything else and work on two unvarying principles: Never handle any item twice; and throw everything away. They are clear-minded and objective, but they are so indifferent that people, animals and thin

17、gs are all one to them. In sharp contrast, the latter fill their minds with all kinds of romantic whims and their ideals are just too perfect to come true in reality. What sm ore, the latter have a loving heart and seem to show sentimental attachments to everything. In a way, we may conclude that mo

18、st statesmen and generals fall into the former category while most poets and artists belong to the latter type.43.UNIT 3I.Explain the italicized part in each sentence in yourown words.For years we have had it drummed into us in print, on radio, over television, in everyday conversation that any hint

19、 of pain is to be banished as though it were the ultimate evil.44.repeatedly made known to; repeatedly forced uponIt is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run to a doctor at the first sign of pain has duced the result opposite from what was intendedThe individual who h

20、as learned how to make the correlation between such threshold pains and their cause doesn t panic when they occur; he or she does something about relieving the stress and tension.pains of a certain level above which some effects will revealThe more famous the athlete, the greater the risk that he or

21、 she may be subjected to extreme medical measureswhen injury strikes.forced to undergoBut his team is battling for a place in the World Series; so the trainer or team doctor, called upon to work his magic, reaches for a strong dose of Butazolidine or other powerful pain suppressants.48. create super

22、naturally wonderful effectLittle wonder that so many star athletes are cut down in their prime, more the victims of overzealous treatment of their injuries than of the injuries themselves.49. forced to drop out at the top of their careerBut their indiscriminate and promiscuous use is making psycholo

23、gical cripple sand chronic ailers out of millions of people.mentally unbalanced or disabled individualssufferers of long-term poor healthThe unremitting barrage of advertising for pain-killing drugs, especially over television, has set the stage for a mass anxiety neurosis.endless and overwhelming o

24、utpouring53.TranslationI. Translate the following paragraph into English.無(wú) 知是我們理性生活的最大障礙之一。對(duì)病痛的無(wú)知就是一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?。很多人幾乎不知道，疼痛并不總是表明健康狀態(tài)極糟，而經(jīng)常是壓力、擔(dān)憂、無(wú)聊、枯燥，甚至是睡眠不足、飲食過(guò)量或缺乏鍛煉造成的。更為糟糕的是，他們對(duì)疼痛十分敏感。結(jié)果， 醫(yī)生的辦公室里擠滿了各種因疼痛病而前來(lái)就醫(yī)的人。醫(yī)生往往處在一個(gè)進(jìn)退兩難的境地。 一方面，他們?cè)诓∪松砩险也坏揭鹛弁吹钠髻|(zhì)性病因；另一方面，他們又怕忽視一些癥狀，而這些癥狀可能是潛在的無(wú)法治愈疾病的先期警告。另外， 如果

25、對(duì)于疼痛的根本原因一無(wú)所知的情況普遍存在的話，那么對(duì)于止痛藥的藥物性一無(wú)所知的情況也會(huì)變得同樣普遍。濫用止痛藥的危險(xiǎn)在于：或許止了疼痛卻沒有解決嚴(yán)重隱患。人們一般認(rèn)為，止痛藥之王是阿司匹林藥片。阿司匹林藥片無(wú)需處方即可出售。然而， 長(zhǎng)期不間斷使用該藥片也可能是致命的。因此，讓人們了解疼痛以及止痛藥，將此作為普及教育的一個(gè)組成部分極其重要。這樣， 人們就會(huì)懂得疼痛起始階段的各種情況，懂得止痛藥的藥物性及其副作用，恰當(dāng)?shù)靥幚硖弁床±? Hints56.理性生活intelligent life57.恰 當(dāng)?shù)睦觓 case in point58.更為糟糕的是What is worse.擠 滿了.處

26、 在一個(gè)進(jìn)退兩難的境地.器 質(zhì)性原因.無(wú) 法治愈疾病.普 遍存在.隱 患.疼 痛起始階段.藥 物性officesbe overloaded with caught in a dilemma organic causeincurable illnesswidespreadunderlying condition “threshold” variety of pain medical substancesKeyIgnorance is one of the biggest obstacles to our intelligent life. Ignorance about pain is a ca

27、se in point. Pain is not always the indication of broken health. Many people have little knowledge about the fact that it is frequently the result of stress, worry, idleness, boredom, even insufficient sleep, overeating or inadequate exercise. What is worse, they are most pain- conscious. As a resul

28、t, doctors are overloaded with people with ailments of pain. The doctors tend to be caught in a dilemma. On one hand, they can find no organic cause of pain in the patient. Onthe other hand, they are afraid that they may ignore symptoms which could be a warning of a potentially incurable illness. In

29、 addition, if ignorance about the nature of pain is widespread, ignorance about the nature of pain-killing drugs will be likewise widespread. The danger of the abuse of pain-killing drugs is that they may deaden the pain without correcting the grave underlying condition. Aspirin is commonly regarded

30、 as the king of all pain-killers. And aspirin is permitted to be sold without prescription. However, the drug can be lethal in sustained doses. So it is extremely important to make knowledge about pain and pain-killing drugs part of popular education, so that the individual understands the “ thresho

31、ld ” variety of pain, the medicinal substances and side effects of pain-killing drugs and deals with the case of pain properly.69.UNIT 5I. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.1. when I wandered hour after hour among the streets, bewildered and almost intoxicated with beaut

32、y, feeling as apoor man might who has pinched all life, and made the most of single coins, and who is brought into the presence of a heap of piled-up gold, and told that it is all his own.stimulated or excited byused to the greatest advantageI remember myself, as a child, visiting Oxford, and thinki

33、ng that some of the buildings were almost shamefully ruinous of aspect; now that I am wiser I know that we have in these battered and fretted palace-fronts a kind of beauty that fills the mind with an almost despairing sense of loveliness, till the heart aches with gratitude, and thrills with the de

34、sire to proclaim the glory of the sight aloud. decayed in appearance.is filled with. is excited by. These black-fronted blistered facades, so threatening, so somber, yet screening so bright and clear a current of life .reflecting; showing. but the very blackness of the city air, and the driftingsmok

35、e of the town, gives that added touch of grimness and mystery that the country airs cannot communicate. sense; suggestion.reveal clearly; manifest and personally I prefer that ecclesiasticisms hould bemore of a flavour than a temper; Schoolmen I mean that though I rejoice to think that sober ecclesi

36、astical influences contribute a serious grace to the life of Oxford, yet I am glad to feel that the spirit of the place is liberal rather than ecclesiastical.a thing that people can choose freely as they please.a prevailing standard of belief or conduct; state of the mind.It is an endless pleasure t

37、o see the troops of slim and alert young figures, full of enjoyment and life, with all the best gifts of life, health, work, amusement, society, friendship,lying ready to their panionship; companyTranslationI. Translate the following paragraph into English.87.牛 津大學(xué)對(duì)許多人有著神奇的魔力。她被認(rèn)為是一座播下美麗和情感、智慧和理解種子的

38、花園。在那里，古典的建筑將希臘的心智精神和羅馬的尊貴浩氣融為一體。她有其獨(dú)特的魅力：美妙的鐘聲，高貴的簡(jiǎn)樸，寧?kù)o的莊嚴(yán)，不可遏制的激情，青春活力的浪潮，熾熱的希望。各種慷慨和細(xì)膩的精神都向她致意，各種心靈見到那里的鐘塔和圓頂、 圍墻和樹叢，都會(huì)感到一種無(wú)法言喻的興奮。在那里，你會(huì)盡情汲取古典學(xué)問(wèn)的養(yǎng)料，驚嘆人類文明一座座不朽的紀(jì)念碑；你會(huì)為脈動(dòng)的現(xiàn)代生活感到興奮不已，萌發(fā)一種去創(chuàng)造新世界的沖動(dòng)。在那里，你會(huì)樹立從近期的成功到永恒的輝煌的各種理想。從某種意義上說(shuō)，牛津大學(xué)不僅是讓你走向世俗成功的學(xué)校，更是你的精神生活的天堂。 因此， 若有機(jī)會(huì)在牛津大學(xué)求學(xué)，你就能享受一種“不. Hints.播

39、撒 , 的種子.高 貴的簡(jiǎn)樸.寧 靜的莊嚴(yán).不 可遏制的激情聞窗外事”的樂趣。sow the seeds o f stately simplicity quiet solemnity unbridled enthusiasm.無(wú) 法言喻的興奮inexpressible thrill.古 典學(xué)問(wèn)的養(yǎng)料nutriments of classical learning.人 類文明不朽的紀(jì)念碑imperishable monuments of96.精 神生活的天堂human civilizationparadise for spiritual life. Key.The University of O

40、xford casts a magic spell over manypeople. It is deemed as a garden where the seeds of beauty and emotion, of wisdom and understanding are sown. Over there, classical buildings fuse the intellectual spirit of Greece and the dignified magnificence of Rome. Its special charm lies in melodious bells, s

41、tately simplicity, quiet solemnity, unbridled enthusiasm, the tide of youthful life, and ardent hope. All spirits, generous and delicate, pay homage to it and all hearts feel an inexpressible thrill at the sight of its towers and domes, its walls and groves. You are likely to find yourself immersed

42、in the nutriments of classical learning, wondering at imperishable monuments of human civilization, and to find yourself greatly stirred up by the beating pulse of modern life, feeling an urge to create a new world. You are likely to set ideals which extend from immediatesuccesst o immortal glory. I

43、n a sense, the University of Oxford is not only a school to make you an earthly success, but also a paradise for your spiritual life. So you may enjoy a kind of satisfying isolation if you are granted an opportunity to pursue studies in the University of Oxford.UNIT 5I. Explain the italicized part i

44、n each sentence in your own words.s boso1. The war rages not only in battlefields, in national councils, and ecclesiastical synods, but agitates every man with opposing advantagesevery hour.spreads or prevails forcefully benefits or profitsgainsOn rolls the old world meantime, and now one, now the o

45、ther gets the day, and still the fight renews itself as if for the first time, under new names and hot personalities.wins; prevailsSuch an irreconcilable antagonism, of course, must have a correspondent depth of seat in the human constitutio. n103. be equally deep-rooted in human natureConservatism

46、stands on man si ncontestable limitations; reform on his indisputable infinitudedepends onstate or quality of being unlimitedConservatism tends to universal seeming and treachery, believes in a negativefate pays attention toNature does not give the crown of its approbation, namely, Beauty, to any ac

47、tion the best it has to offerTranslate the following paragraph into English.人們由于生活的哲學(xué)理念截然相反，形成了兩種沖突的對(duì)立力量傳統(tǒng)保守者和革新自由者。前者滿足于業(yè)已建立的等級(jí)制度，后者則努力去建立一種他們認(rèn)為更好的新的宇宙秩序。他們倚重的是完全不一樣的東西：前者強(qiáng)調(diào)輝煌的往昔，后者則主要關(guān)注玫瑰般的將來(lái)。前者將自己的觀點(diǎn)建立在人類無(wú)可否定的局限性之上，后者卻堅(jiān)信人類有著不容置疑的無(wú)限可能性來(lái)改善自己、完美自己。若前者走遠(yuǎn)了，就會(huì)顯示出對(duì)一種基本上不復(fù)存在的過(guò)去的懷戀， 從而會(huì)阻礙對(duì)更美好未來(lái)的追求；若后者太過(guò)了，他們會(huì)懷抱浪漫的夢(mèng)想，變得不切實(shí)際。如果人生有春、夏、秋、冬四季，我們往往在春夏兩季是革新自由者，