2019-2020年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習第一部分教材知識梳理Unit2Workingtheland練習新人教版必修

1、2019-2020年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習第一部分教材知識梳理Un it2Worki ngthela nd練習新人教版必修一、閱讀理解（共8小題；每小題2分，滿分16分）AIt has happe ned to all of us.You want to talk about an object,but you forgotthe n ame of it.Or you n ever knew the n ame at all.Maybe you are not even sure there is a word for it.For example,that thin g,that you n e

2、ed to fix your bicycle.Or perhaps it is someth ing you n eed for your puter.Or that part on your motorcycle that n ever,ever seems to work.What are these thin gs?They are called “doohickeys ” .A doohickey is a word you use when you do notknow or you have forgotte n the real n ame of an object.The Ma

3、cmillan Dictionary defines doohickey as “something such as a small object or tool that you cannot remember the name ” .The American Heritage Dictionary says it is “ somethi ng,espe cially a small device or part,whose n ame is unknown or forgotten ”.Lan guage experts say the word first started being

4、used in theUn ited States inthe early 1900s.But other experts say they have see n examples of words like that in writ ings from the middle 1800s.The Merriam-Webster Dictio nary for Lear ners of America n En glish gives this example of how n ative speakers might use doohickey:“ I n eed one of thosedo

5、ohickeys,you kno w,with the long han dle.”Merriam-Webster adds that doohickey may be a bin ati on of two otherwords: “doodad and “hickey ” .Strangeas it may be,both of the two words mean thesame as doohickey.The dictio nary lists a lot of stra nge words as synonyms for doohickey.The most mon are wha

6、tchamacallit,what not and whatsit.You will probably n ever see these words in official docume nts or n ewspaper reports.But you might hear them in in formalAmerica n En glish,whe n people are talki ngto each other. TOC o 1-5 h z “ Hey,what does this doohickey do,a ny way?”“ Dude,bri ng me that thin

7、gamajig,willya?”“ Janin e,ca n you get me one of those whatchamacallits?”Most America ns will know what you are talk ing about if you use one of those words.Just point at the object,use one of these words,and they will bring it to you.Whe n people n eed a doohickey,it means they n eed someth ing.whi

8、ch can be used to repair a bicyclewhich can be used to fix a puterwhose n ame is forgotte nwhose han dle is very longThe words similar to doohickey were most likely to be see n in.1800B.1850C.1900D.1950You are sure to find the word whatchamacallit in.the Macmilla n Dictio narythe America n Heritage

9、Dictionaryan official docume nt or a n ewspaper reportthe Merriam-Webster Dictio nary for Lear ners of America n En glishThe above passage is mainly about.a special wordAmerican English dictionariesthe developme nt of America n En glishthe way to learn and use American English【文章大意】本文為說明文，主要介紹了 dooh

10、ickey 一詞的來源、意思、同義詞以及運用。C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句A doohickey is a word you use when you do not know or you have forgot ten the real name of an object. ”可知 ,當你不知道或者忘記某個東西的名稱時，你可以用doohickey來代替它。故選 C項。B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第二句“ But other experts say they have seen examplesof words like that in writings from the middle 18

11、00s. ”可知 , 與“ doohickey ”類似 的詞最有可能出現(xiàn)在1850年。故選B項。D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段內(nèi)容以及第八段最后兩句可知 ,在韋氏詞典 中肯定能找 到 whatchamacallit 詞。故選 D 項。A 主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知 ,本文主要介紹了 doohickey 一詞的來源、意思、同義詞以 及運用，故選A項。BFood festivals around the worldStilton Cheese RollingMay Day is a traditional day for celebrations，but the 2，000 English villag

12、ersof Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans.Teams of four，dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes，rolla plete cheese along a 50-metre course.On the way，they must not kick or throw their cheeses，or go into their petitors lane（ 賽道 ）peti

13、tion is fierce and the chief prize is a plete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos（disappointingly，butunderstandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones）.All the petitors are served with beer or port wine，the traditional acpaniment for Stilton cheese.Fiery Foods Festival The hottest fes

14、tival on earthEvery year more than 10，000 people head for the city of Albuquerque，NewMexico.They e from as far away as Australia，the Caribbean and China，but they allshare a mon addicti on food that is not just spicy（辛辣）,but hot eno ugh to make your mouth burn，your head spin and your eyes water.Their

15、 destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March.You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepperofficially the hottest pepper inthe world or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.But one thing s for sure if you don t like

16、 the feeling of a burning tongue,this festival isntfor you!La Tomatina The world s biggest food fightOn the last Wedn esday of every August,the Spanish tow n of Bu?ol hosts LaTomatina the world s largest food fight.A week-long celebration leads up to anexciting tomato battle as the high-light of the

17、 week s events.The early morningsees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes official fight-starters get things going by cast ing tomatoes at the crowd.The battle lasts little more tha n half an hour,i n which time around 50,000kilograms of tomatoes have bee n throw n at anyone or any thi ng that

18、moves,r un s,orfights back.The n every one heads down to the river to make friends aga in and fora much-n eeded wash!（xx 福建高考） 1n the Stilt on cheese roll ing petiti on ,petitors on each team must.wear various formal clothesroll a woode n cheese in their own lanekick or throw their cheeseuse a real

19、cheese weigh ing about four kilosWhere is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?A.In New Mexico. B.In the Caribbea n.C.In Australia.D.In Chi na.The celebrati on of La Tomati na lasts.A.three daysB.seve n daysC.l ess tha n three daysD.more tha n seve n daysWhat can we infer accord ing to the passage?T

20、he chief prize for the Stilt on cheese roll ing petiti on is beer or port wine.More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.【文章大意】本文為

21、說明文，主要給我們介紹了世界上幾種與食物有關(guān)的有趣節(jié)日。B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Stilt on Cheese Rolli ng 部分的they must not kick.go intoB項。thei r petitors lane ”和the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones ” 可判斷 ,參賽隊員在他們自己的賽道上滾動一個木制的奶酪。故選A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Fiery Foods Festival部分的第一句Every year more than 10,000people head for the city of Albuquerque,N

22、ew Mexico.”可知答案是 A 項。B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)La Tomatina部分的A we ek- long celebration. ”可知西紅柿節(jié)的慶祝持續(xù)七天，答案選B項。C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)Fiery Foods Festival部分的.or anyone of the thousa ndsof products that are on show. ”可知C 項正確。二、語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)As my friend was pass ing the elepha nts,he sudde nly stopped.He 1.(confuse) by

23、the fact that these huge animals were being held by nothing 2. asmall rope.The rope was tied to their front legs.No cha ins,no cages .It was obviousthe elepha nts could break away from the ropes at any time.But for somereas on ,they did not.Myfriend saw a 4.(train)nearby and asked why these elephant

24、s just stoodthere and made no attempt 5.(get) away.“Well, ” he said, “when they are very young and much 6.(small),we use the same size rope to tie them.At that age,it s eno ugh to hold them .As they grow up,theyare used to 7.(believe) that they cannot break away.They believe the rope can still hold

25、them,8. they never try to break free.”My friend was amazed.These ani mals could at any time break free from theirbonds,but because they bel ieved they couldn t,they were stuck right where they were.9.the elepha nts,how many of us go through life hanging onto a beliefthat we cannot do someth in g,sim

26、plybecause we failed at it once before?How many ofus are being held back by outdated beliefs that no Ion ger serve us?How many of us have avoided 10.(try) someth ing new because of a false belief?was con fused 。 be con fused by為固定搭配，意為被迷惑，被弄糊涂”。根據(jù)上下文可知用一般過去時。but。此處意為這些巨大的動物僅僅用一根小細繩拴著”。nothing but為固定

27、搭配，意為僅僅，只不過”。that o此處用that引導(dǎo)主語從句,It是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的從句。trainer ?？涨坝胁欢ü谠~a,故此處應(yīng)填動詞train的名詞形式trainer,意為馴獸師”。to get。make no attempt to do sth.為固定用法，意為不試圖做某事，不打算做某事”。smaller 。 much用來修飾形容詞的比較級，故填smaller 。believing。 be used to doing sth.為固定搭配，意為習慣于做某事”。so?？涨昂涂蘸蟮木渥訕?gòu)成因果關(guān)系，故填so。Like。此處意為正如大象一樣”，故填連詞Like。trying

28、。 avoid doing sth.為固定用法，意為避免做某事”。Part B一、完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）Since finishingmy studies at Harvard and Oxfordve watched one friend afterano ther land high-ra nkin g,high-pay ing Wall Street jobs.As executives（高級管理人員）with ban ks,c on sult ing firms,established law firms,a nd major corporati on s,

29、ma ny are now 1 on their way to impressive careers.By society s 2 ,they seem tohave it made.On the surface,these people seem to be very lucky in life.Asthey left studentlife behind,many had a 3 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar,shook handswith Iongtime roommates,and 4 out of small apartmen

30、ts into high buildings.They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 5a collegeyear s monthly rent.They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.The thing is,a number of them have 6 that despite their success,theyaren thappy.Some7of unfrien dly cowork

31、ers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeksdevoted to tasks they8 .Some do not respect the panies they work for and talkof feeli ng tired and9 .Howevernstead of devoti ng themselves to theirwork,they find themselves worki ng to support the10 to which they have soquickly bee11idea of leavingtheir jobs

32、to work for something they13 or finding a positionPeople often speak of trying a more satisfy ing path,a nd12 in the end thethat would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to thesame conclusion:it s 14 .They have loans,bills,a mortgage（抵押貸款）to15,retirement to save for.The

33、y recognize there s something16 in theirlives,but it s17 to step off the track.In a society that tends to18 everyth ing in terms of dollars and cen ts,welearn from a young age to con sider the costs of our19 in finan cial terms.Butwhat about the personal and social costs 20 in pursuing money over me

34、aning?Theseare exactly thekinds of costs many of us tend to ignore and the very ones we needto con sider most.（xx 浙江咼考）1.A.muchB.n everC.seldomD.well2.A.policiesB.sta ndardsC.experime ntsD.regulatio ns3.A.lastB.leastC.sec ondD.best4.A.cycledB.movedC.slidD.looked5.A.sharedB.paidC.equaledD.collected6.

35、A.advertisedB.wit nessedC.admittedD.dema nded7.Aplai nB.dreamC.hearD.approve8.A.distributeB.hateC.applaudD. neglect9.A.calmB.guiltyC.warmD.empty10.A.familyB.governmentC.lifestyleD.project11.A.accustomedB.appointedC.uniqueD.available12.A.yetB.alsoC.insteadD.rather13.A.let outB.turn inC.give upD.belie

36、ve in14.A.fundamentalB.practicalC.impossibleD.unforgettable15.A.take offB.drop offC.put offD.pay off16.A.missingB.inspiringC.sinkingD.shining17.A.harmfulB.hardC.usefulD.normal18.A.measureB.sufferC.digestD.deliver19.A.disastersB.motivationsC.campaignsD.decisions20.A.assessedB.involvedC.coveredD.reduc

37、ed【文章大意】 在當今物欲橫流的社會 ,有些看似成功的人其實并不開心 ,因為他們忽視了人生 的真正意義。D 作為銀行、 顧問公司、法律事務(wù)所以及大型公司的高級管理人員 ,他們在自己的職業(yè)生 涯上已做得很好 (well) 。B 以社會的標準 (standards) 來看 , 他們算是成功人士。A 根據(jù)后文的“ shook hands with.high buildings”可知 , 該處指他們告別學生時期的生活 ,去便宜的小酒吧喝最后一次酒 , 和同學道別 ,搬到高層的小公寓中去住。指“從搬到B move out o.C 他們會到飯店去 , 那里一瓶酒的消費相當于 (equaled) 大學里一

38、個月的房租。C 但是事實上他們中的許多人承認 (admitted) 盡管自己很成功 , 但是并不幸福。A 一些人會抱怨 (plain) 毫不友善的同事 , 也會因自己并不喜歡 (hate) 的任務(wù)卻投入了 8 小時工作時間而悲傷。 plain of 為固定搭配意為“抱怨”。B 根據(jù)“ feel sad for ”可推測很多工作他們并不喜歡。D 一些人并不尊重自己所在的公司 , 說自己感到疲憊、空虛 (empty) 。C 然而他們不是全身心投入到工作中 , 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己工作是為了支撐自己已迅速習慣的 那種生活方式 (lifestyle) 。A be accustomed to “習慣于”。 A

39、項意為“習慣的” ;B 項意為“約定的” ;C 項意為 “獨特的” ;D 項意為“可利用的”。A 此處應(yīng)用 yet 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。D 根據(jù)下文的“ loans,bills,a mortgage”可知 , 那些想找到能為自己的信仰而工作或者有更多時間陪伴自己家人的職位的人 , 最終發(fā)現(xiàn)那是不可能的 (impossible) 。C見上題解析。A項意為“基本的” ；B項意為“實際的” ；C項意為“不可能的” ；D項 意為“難忘的”。D 貸款是需要償還的。 A 項意為“脫下” ；B 項意為“減少” ；C 項意為“推遲” ；D 項意 為“還清”。A 他們意識到自己的生活里缺失 (missing) 了一些

40、東西 , 但是卻很難 (hard) 改變自己的 軌跡。B 見上題解析。A 在一個以金錢衡量 (measure) 一切的社會中 , 我們從小就學會從金錢角度考慮我們所 做的決定要付出的代價。D見上題解析。A項意為“災(zāi)難” ；B項意為“動機” ；C項意為“活動” ；D項意為“決 定”。B 但是只追求金錢而不考慮意義的做法所涉及 (involve in) 的個人和社會代價又怎么 辦呢 ?二、七選五閱讀填空 (共 5小題；每小題 2分,滿分 10分)Easy steps to happier livingTake care of your body.Our body and mind are conn

41、 ected.1 It in sta ntly improves our mood and caneven lift us out of depression.We don t all have to run marathons there are simple things we can do to be more active each day.We can spend time outdoors,eathealthilyand get eno ugh sleep.Notice the world around you.Have you ever felt there must be mo

42、re to life?Good newsthere is.And it s right here in front of us.2Lear ning to be more min dful and aware does won ders forour happiness,whether it s on our walk to work or in the way we eat.It helps usget in tune with our feeli ngs and stops us focus ing on the past or worry ing about the future.Kee

43、p learning.Lear ning affects our happ in ess in lots of positive ways. 3 It also gives us a sense of acplishme nt.We lear n new things throughout our lives ,not just through formal qualifications.Wecan share a skill with friends,joina club,play a new sportand so much more.4Help ing other people is n

44、ot only good for them but also good for us.It makesus happier and can help to improve our health.Giv ing also creates stron gerconn ecti ons betwee n people and helps to build a happier society for every one._5We can also give our time,ideas and energy.So if you want to feel good,do good.These simpl

45、e areas tend to make a big differe neeto people s happ in ess an d,moreimporta ntly,they are all within our con trol.Do things for others.C onnect with people.Help ing is not all about mon ey.We just n eed to stop and take no tice.lt can help us improve our physical health.Be ing active makes us hap

46、pier as well as healthier.lt exposes us to new ideas and helps us stay curious.文章大意】 這篇短文主要給我們介紹了幸福生活的幾個簡單步驟: 照顧好身體 ; 關(guān)注周圍的世界 ;堅持學習等。F 根據(jù)下文中的“ there are simple things we can do to be more active each day ” 可知 , 上文提到了 active, 故 F 項符合語境。D 根據(jù)空前的“ And it s right here in front of us.”及空后的“ Learning to be

47、more mindful and aware does wonders for our happiness ”可知 , 我們只需要停下來注意 一下周圍的世界。故選D 項。G 根據(jù)本段首句“ Learning affects our happiness in lots of positive ways. ”可知,學習以積極正面的方式影響我們的幸福感，故G項符合語境。A 根據(jù)本段首句“ Helping other people is not only good for them but also good for us. ”可知,該段主要講的是幫助別人。故 A項符合語境。C 根據(jù)空后“ We ca

48、n also give our time，ideas and energy. ”可知 ，C 項符合語境。三、短文改錯 （滿分 10 分）That was the biggest snow we have ever experienced in Canada.Snow began to fall at night and it lasted one and a half day.We were told in the radio that more than ten inches of snow had been fallen and since the roads were blocked w

49、e would not go to school that day.We jumped up with joy.We found the whole world hidden under a white blanket of softly snow.We built asnowman,after that we took turns slidingdown a hill on large piece of cardboard.We were having so many fun while supper time came.Mother almost had to force us to go

50、 in and ate.第1句：have t had。過去的過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去完成時。第 2 句:daytdays。一天半”的英語表達為 one and a half days 。第3句：in t on/over。通過收音機”的英語表達是over the radio 或者on the radio 。第3句：刪除fallen 前的been。已經(jīng)下了十多英寸的雪，用主動語態(tài)。第5句：softly t soft。用形容詞soft來修飾名詞snow,作定語。第6句:that twhich或在after 前加and。介詞after 后只能用 which引導(dǎo)定語從句；或 用 and 連接兩個句子 ,

51、表示順承關(guān)系。第 6 句 ： 在 large 前加 a。 piece 是可數(shù)名詞 , 故其前要加不定冠詞 a。 a large piece of 為固定搭配，意為“一大塊”。第7句：manyT much。fun是不可數(shù)名詞，用much修飾。第7句：while宀when。supper time came 中的came是瞬間性動詞,不能與 while連用。第8句:ate t eat。force sb to do sth.為固定搭配，意為迫使某人做某事”。故 eat用原形。2019-2020年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習第一部分教材知識梳理Uni t3Ahealthylife練習新人教版選修一、閱讀理解（共8

52、小題；每小題2分，滿分16分）AThere are an extremely large nu mber of ants worldwide.Each in dividual（個體的）ant hardly weighs anythin g,but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankin d.They also live n early everywhere,except on froze n mountain tops and around the poles.For ani mals their size,a nts

53、 have bee n ast onishin gly successful,largely due to their won derful social behavior.In colonies（ 群體）that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions,they orga nize their lives with a clear divisi on of labor.Eve n more amaz ing is how they achieve this level of orga ni zati on. Where we

54、use sound and sight to mun icate,a nts depend primarily on pheromones（ 夕卜激素）,chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony.When an ant finds food,it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is.When an in dividual ant es un der

55、attack or is dyin g,it sends out an alarm phero mone to warn the colony to prepare for a con flict as a defe nse un it.In fact,when it es to the art of war,ants have no equal.They are pletely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves,attackingin largegroups and overing

56、 their target.Such is their devotion to the mon good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an en emy.Behavi ng in this selfless and devoted mann er,these little creatures havesurvived on Earth for more tha n 140 millio nyears,farIon g

57、er tha n dino saurs.Becausethey think as one,they have a collective（ 集體的）intelligeneegreater than you wouldexpect from its in dividual parts.（xx 安徽高考）We can lear n from the passage that ants are.not willing to share foodnot found around the polesmore successful than all other animalstoo many to achi

58、eve any level of orga ni zati onA nts can use phero mones for .escapeBmun icatio nC.warni ng en emies D.arra nging laborWhat does the underlined expression“take on ” in Paragraph 3 mean?Accept.B.Employ.C.Play with.D.Fight agai nst.Which of the followi ng con tributes most to the survival of an ts?A.

59、Their behavior. B.Their size.C.Their nu mber. D.Their weight.【文章大意】 本文是說明文。世界上，螞蟻的數(shù)量繁多。它們?nèi)后w而居，分工明確，團結(jié)一致， 共同御敵。B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中They also live nearly everywhere,except on frozenmountain tops and around the poles. ”可知 ，在冰圭寸的山頂和地球的兩極，人們沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)螞蟻。B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中 Where we use sou nd and sight to mun icate，a nts

60、depe ndprimarily on pheromones ”可知，螞蟻可以利用外激素來交流。D 詞義推測題。根據(jù)第三段中They are pletely fearless ” 以及attackingin largegroups and overing their target”可知 ，它們會攻擊敵人。A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner，these little creatures have survived on Earth ”可知，是它們的行為讓它們在地球上得以生存。Vienna has beaten Z