加拿大奶牛肉牛葡萄球菌乳房炎

1、葡萄球菌乳房炎Staphylococcus MastitisPrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling病因/發(fā)病機理 Cause & Pathogenesis葡萄球菌屬Staphylococcus aureus傳染性從一個感染牛經(jīng)擠奶傳播給其他牛Contagious spread from one infected cow to another at milking同時引起亞臨床和臨床性乳房炎Causes both sub-clinical and clinical mastitis治療效果不好Response to t

2、reatment is poor危險因素Risk Factors帶菌牛只Carrier cows不正確的擠奶程序Improper milking procedure臨床癥狀Clinical Findings臨床性乳房炎Clinical Mastitis急性乳房炎Acute Mastitis嚴(yán)重的全身癥狀Severe systemic signs體溫升高Elevated temperature厭食，精神萎靡，產(chǎn)奶量嚴(yán)重下降A(chǔ)norexia, depressed and severe drop in milk production感染乳區(qū)熱、腫、痛Hot swollen painful infec

3、ted quarter 乳有顯著變化絮片，凝塊，化膿或水樣Gross changes in the milk flakes, clots, purulent or watery壞疽性乳房炎（藍(lán)袋）Gangrenous Mastitis (Bluebag)非常嚴(yán)重的全身癥狀Very severe systemic signs從熱乳區(qū)到冷乳區(qū)發(fā)展，變成藍(lán)色Progresses from hot quarter to cold and blue discoloration如果奶牛幸存，在14天內(nèi)形成區(qū)域性腐肉Area sloughs in 14 days if cow survives慢性乳房炎Ch

4、ronic Mastitis細(xì)菌形成遍及感染乳腺的微膿腫，間歇性排出細(xì)菌Bacteria forms micro-abscesses throughout the infected gland and intermittently sheds bacteria間歇發(fā)作臨床性乳房炎Intermittent flare-ups of clinical mastitis亞臨床性乳房炎Sub-Clinical Mastitis乳無可視變化No visible changes in the milk所有乳房炎病例的90%是亞臨床性乳房炎（70%的經(jīng)濟損失來自乳房炎）90% of all cases of

5、 mastitis are sub-clinical (70% of financial loss from mastitis)在所有的成年泌乳奶牛中，亞臨床性乳房炎是最昂貴的疾病Sub-clinical mastitis is the most expensive disease of adult dairy cows體細(xì)胞計數(shù)高High Somatic Cell Count (SCC)可偶爾發(fā)作成臨床性乳房炎May occasionally flare-up to clinical診斷Diagnosis根據(jù)臨床癥狀，SCC和臨床病例的細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)Based on clinical signs,

6、 SCC and culture of clinical cases鑒別診斷Differential Diagnosis無乳鏈球菌Streptococcus agalactiae牛型支原體Mycoplasma bovis引起環(huán)境性乳房炎的病因Causes of Environmental Mastitis實驗室和病理學(xué)診斷Laboratory and Pathology感染牛群中SCC高High SCC in infected herd感染牛只SCC高Infected cows have high SCC從臨床感染牛做乳細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)Culture milk from clinically infe

7、cted cows 必須區(qū)分其他原因引起的乳房炎Must differentiate from other causes of mastitis大批乳桶細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)可作為篩選試驗Bulk tank culture can be utilized as a screening test當(dāng)細(xì)菌間歇性排出時，如果做一次培養(yǎng)可能發(fā)現(xiàn)不了細(xì)菌，May not be found if only cultured once as bacteria is intermittently shed連續(xù)三次培養(yǎng)結(jié)果陰性，要求排除葡萄球菌Three negative cultures on subsequent days

8、 required to rule out Staphylococcus治療Treatment臨床病例用全身性抗生素和支持療法治療Treat clinical cases with systemic antibiotics and supportive treatment因感染的乳腺中遍布微膿腫，所以治愈率低，Cure rate is low because of the formation of micro-abscesses throughout the infected gland預(yù)防是關(guān)鍵Prevention is the key預(yù)后情況Prognosis很難治愈Poor for cu

9、re后遺癥Sequelae成為帶菌牛Carrier cows產(chǎn)奶量的損失Loss of milk production 預(yù)防Prevention & Control阻止傳播是基本的預(yù)防措施Stopping transmission is the basis of control擠奶程序和衛(wèi)生設(shè)備Milking Procedure and Sanitation前浸泡Pre-dip棄掉前幾把奶，檢查臨床性乳房炎（器具表面黑色最好）Strip for clinical mastitis check (black surface best)用一次性紙巾清洗和刺激乳房排乳Clean and stimul

10、ate milk letdown with individual paper towels 如果清洗，在洗液中加消毒劑Disinfectant in wash solution if used只洗臟的奶牛，洗后必須完全擦干Only wash dirty cows then must be thoroughly dried擠奶員戴橡膠手套Rubber gloves on milker應(yīng)用奶杯Apply milking claw從程序2至7應(yīng)有6090秒Time from 2 to 7 should be 60 to 90 seconds避免過度擠奶Avoid over-milking浸泡乳頭可以傳送排乳信號Teat dip post milking檢驗并套上擠奶器Test and maintain milking machines在干乳期，每頭奶牛的每個乳區(qū)都要干燥Dry cow treat every quarter of every cow at dry off淘汰慢性感染牛只Cull chronically infected cows治療所有的臨床性乳房炎病例Treat all