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1、專業(yè).專注英語(yǔ)八種基本時(shí)態(tài)一 .概念:英語(yǔ)中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),需用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表小,這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。.種類:(基本時(shí)態(tài))一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí).用法:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真 理。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常以動(dòng)詞原形表示,但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s 或-es。2)句型結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+ V.(包才5 be動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)+She is an engineer.He has breakfast at 6:00every day.3)注意:a)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常與 alway
2、s , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once aweek等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .word完美格式專業(yè).專注They go home once a week .We usually do our homework at home .b)表客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)或普遍真理。The sun always rises in the east .The light travels faster than the sound .c)表永遠(yuǎn)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He lives in the co
3、untry .4)第三人稱單數(shù)變化形式。a) 一般情況動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s .come-comesspeak-speakswork-workslive-livesb)以o, s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的單詞在詞后加-es.do-doesgo-goesfinish-finishesbrush-brushesfix-fixespass-passeswatch-watchesc)以輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的單詞變y為i加-es.Study-studiescarry-carries cry-criesd)以無(wú)音字母+ y結(jié)尾的單t直接加-s.play-plays stay-stays例句:我們每天晚上九點(diǎn)做作
4、業(yè)。我在早上七點(diǎn)半起床。他每天七點(diǎn)去上班。我們經(jīng)常下午打籃球。word完美格式專業(yè).專注地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)?;疖嚵c(diǎn)出發(fā)。5)否定句和疑問(wèn)句。a)He is an engineer. He isn t an engineer.Is he an engineer? TOC o 1-5 h z Yes, he is ./ No, he isn t.b)-We get up at 7:30 in the morning . We don t get up at 7:30 in the morning .Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ? Yes, we do.
5、/ No, we don t.c)-He likes music. He doesn like music.Does he like music? Yes ,he does./ No, he doesn t .一般過(guò)去時(shí)1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days. 等連用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijing last year.They saw a film last night .2)句
6、型結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+ V.過(guò)去時(shí)+賓語(yǔ)+word完美格式專業(yè).專注例句:昨天他很忙。去年他抽煙了。兩年前他去參軍了。他在1990年去世了。3)否定句和疑問(wèn)句。a)-He was busy yesterday.He wasn t busy.Was he busy? TOC o 1-5 h z Yes, he was./ No, he wasn t.b)-He smoked last year. He didn t smoke lastar.Did he smoke last year?Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn t.c)-He joined the army in 1990.H
7、e didn t joined the army in 1990.Did he join the army in 1990? Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn t.4)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則。a)一般情況下的詞加-ed.work-workedcall-calledlaugh-laughedExplain-explainedfinish-finishedknock-knockedb)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-d .word完美格式專業(yè).專注live-livedchange-changedsmoke-smokeddie-diedgraduate-graduated drive
8、-drovec)以輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的單詞,變y為i加-ed.study-studied carry-carried cry-criedtry-triedmarry-marriedd)以無(wú)音字母+ y結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-ed.play-played stay-stayede)以j個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后 再加-ed.stop-stopped plan-planned pat-pattedf)動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化:do-didgo-wentcome-came run-ranwrite-wrotebegin-began drink-drank keep-kept lea
9、ve-left sleep-sleptmake-madelie-laydig-dugeat-ateknow-knewcut-cut set-set let-let read-read hurt- -hurt例句:我前天拿走了這本書。去年我買了一輛自行車。word完美格式專業(yè).專注每天晚上我聽音樂(lè)。她通常待在家里。兩天前我完成了這項(xiàng)工作。復(fù)習(xí):I (be) a teacher 2 years ago.He (be) a student now.He (do) his homework at home every day.4) They (join) the Party in 1998.5) We
10、(not eat) apples yesterday.6) We (not play) basketball every day.7) He(not go ) home once a week.I am 16 years 01d.(劃線部分提問(wèn))I go to work at 8:00 every morning.(劃線部分提問(wèn))They joined the Party in 1990.(劃線部分提問(wèn))I went to Beijing last year.(劃線部分提問(wèn))一股將來(lái)時(shí)1)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow, the day after tom
11、orrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days 等連用。2)句型結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+will/shall +V.原形+(第一人稱用shall)I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.They will have a meeting next week.-She will be 20 years old.word完美格式專業(yè).專注-Will she be 20 years old?-Yes, she will./ No, she won t .3)主語(yǔ)+ will/shall+丫原形+be(am, is, are)going toThey will
12、 have a meeting next Sunday.(will=are going to )-What will they do next Sunday ?-When will they have a meeting?be about to + V.原形I am about to leave school.不能與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用。They are a bout to set out.(V)They are about to set out soon.(x )復(fù)習(xí)題:.He (do) his homework at school every day.They (finish) their
13、work yesterday.We (visit) their farm next year.我半小時(shí)后要吃午飯。.他將騎自行車去學(xué)校。.他們下周日將去買汽車。4 .過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)word完美格式專業(yè).專注1)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是立足于過(guò)去某時(shí),從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀 態(tài)。主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。2)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+would/should was/were going to +V. 原形 + He said that he would have a meeting next week.(He says that he will nave a meeting next week.)They said
14、 we should leave school tomorrow.(They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)51.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are)+ v- ing + You are listening to me carefully now.She is writing a letter this year.Look! They are dancing.We are studying English at present
15、 .It s raining hard now.3)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成一般動(dòng)詞直接在詞后加-ingdo - doingread - readingwork - working think - thinkingstudy - studying go-goingwatch - watching jump - jumpingword完美格式專業(yè).專注以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)先去掉e然后加-inglike - liking take- takingleave - leaving live- livingreceive - receiving dance - dancingcome - comin
16、g smoke - smokingwrite - writing以j個(gè)元音字母+ 一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加-ingstop -stopping begin - beginningdig diggingswim- swimmingrun running sit sitting(注意:listen -listening open - opening eat- eatingrain - raining sleep - sleeping)4)6過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,通常與at 6:00yesterday, at this/ that t
17、ime yesterday, when弓I導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等連用 ?;窘Y(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+be (was/were) +v- ing + It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.word完美格式專業(yè).專注We were reading when the teacher came in.We weren t reading Were you reading What were you doing when the teacher came
18、in.例句1.前天那個(gè)時(shí)候Tom正在看電影。.上周日四點(diǎn)我們正在游泳。.師看見(jiàn)我們時(shí)我們正在玩撲克。. I(do) my homework yesterday. He(do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday. He(do) his homework now.覘在完成時(shí)1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響2.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)通常與下歹!J時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用up to now, in the past, recently, byfor 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just
19、基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+ have/has + P.P(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)I ve finished this work.He has ever been to Australia.I have not heard from her recently.I have already read this book.word完美格式專業(yè).專注Have you read ?Yes, I have. No, I haven t.What have you read?過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成(規(guī)則變化同過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成)不規(guī)則變化如下do did donego went goneeat ate eatencome came com
20、ehave had hadwrite wrote writtenbe was/were beensee saw seenhear heard heardswim swam swumdrink drank drunkgive gave givenforget forgot forgottentake took takenkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptword完美格式專業(yè).專注teach taught taughtbuy bought bought tell told told make made madecut cut cuthurt hurt hurtread
21、read read let let let4)注意含有終止意義或暫短意義的動(dòng)詞不能與for, since 引導(dǎo)的一般時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(buy, begin, die, come, go , join, leave 等)I have bought a book.have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong)have had a book for 3 years.He have joined the army for 3 years. (wrong)He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years
22、 ago.He has been dead for 3 years.He died 2 years ago.word完美格式專業(yè).專注It is 2 years since he died.He has died for 2 years. (wrong)He has gone to Australia.He has been to Australia.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別)I(hear) form her recently / yesterday.例句:他已經(jīng)閱讀了這本書。我們到目前為止已學(xué)習(xí)了兩千個(gè)單詞。他們居住在中國(guó)三年了 。他看這部電影兩次了 。Bob自從1997年在這所學(xué)校教學(xué)。8.收去完成時(shí)1)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的過(guò)去“,常與 by the time, by the end of,bebre , by導(dǎo)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+ had + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+When I got to the cinema y
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