TWIG模板設計快速入門手冊中文

1、 HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 TWIG 模板設計 快速入門手冊 中文 分類： HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/category/956880 php 2012-01-09 09:55 3872人閱讀 HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 l comments 評論(2) HYPERLINK javascript:void(0); o 收藏 收藏 HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758

2、 l report o 舉報 舉報 HYPERLINK /tag/input t _blank input HYPERLINK /tag/include t _blank include HYPERLINK /tag/whitespace t _blank whitespace HYPERLINK /tag/stylesheet t _blank stylesheet HYPERLINK /tag/html t _blank html HYPERLINK /tag/output t _blank output目錄 HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/

3、7180758 o 系統(tǒng)根據文章中H1到H6標簽自動生成文章目錄 (?) HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o 展開 +寫了好幾篇關于twig的東西。居然還沒寫個快速入門之類的?，F在就寫來源 HYPERLINK /doc/templates.html /doc/templates.html概要twig 的模板就是普通的文本文件，也不需要特別的擴展名，.html .htm .twig 都可以。模板內的 變量 和 表達式 會在運行的時候被

4、解析替換，標簽（tags）會來控制模板的邏輯下面是個最小型的模板，用來說明一些基礎的東西html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?MyWe

5、bpage%foriteminnavigation%item.caption%endfor%MyWebpagea_variable里面包含兩種符號 % . % 和 . 第一種用來控制的比如for循環(huán)什么的，第二個是用來輸出變量和表達式的ide 支持很多ide 都對twig進行高亮支持。大伙自己找需要的吧。Textmatevia the HYPERLINK https:/githu/Anomareh/PHP-Twig.tmbundle Twig bundleVimvia the HYPERLINK /2/documentation/integration

6、 Jinja syntax pluginNetbeansvia the HYPERLINK http:/plugibe/plugin/37069/php-twig Twig syntax pluginPhpStorm(native as of 2.1)Eclipsevia the HYPERLINK https:/githu/pulse00/Twig-Eclipse-Plugin Twig pluginSublime Textvia the HYPERLINK https:/githu/Anomareh/PHP-Twig.tmbundle Twig bundleGtkSourceViewvia

7、 the HYPERLINK https:/githu/gabrielcorpse/gedit-twig-template-language Twig language definition(used by gedit and other projects)CodaandSubEthaEditvia the HYPERLINK https:/githu/bobthecow/Twig-HTML.mode Twig syntax mode變量程序會傳遞給模板若干變量，你需要在模板里輸出他們。例如輸出 $hellohtml HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/detail

8、s/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?hello如果傳遞給模板的是對象或者數組，你可以使用點 . 來輸出對象的屬性或者方法，或者數組的成員?；蛘吣憧梢允褂孟聵说姆绞?。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyu

9、n/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?foo.barfoobar如果你訪問的值不存在就會返回null。TWIG有一整套的流程來確認值是否存在。for.bar會進行以下操作。如果 foo是個

10、數組，就嘗試返回bar成員，如果不存在的話，往下繼續(xù)。如果foo是個對象，會嘗試返回bar屬性，如果不存在的話，往下繼續(xù)。會嘗試運行bar方法，如果不存在的話，往下繼續(xù)。會嘗試運行getBar方法，如果不存在的話，往下繼續(xù)。會嘗試運行isBar方法，如果不存在的話，返回nullforbar 就簡單很多了 for必須是個數組，嘗試返回bar成員，如果不就返回null全局變量TWIG定義了有一些全局變量_self 這個參看macro標簽_context這個就是當前的環(huán)境_charset: 當前的字符編碼變量賦值具體參見set標簽html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/articl

11、e/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%setfoo=foo%setfoo=1,2%setfoo=foo:bar%過濾器 Firters變量可以被過濾器修飾。過濾器和變量用（|）分割開。過濾器也是可以有參

12、數的。過濾器也可以被多重使用。下面這例子就使用了兩個過濾器。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?name|striptags|tit

13、lestriptas表示去除html標簽，title表示每個單詞的首字母大寫。更多過濾器參見我博客過濾器也可以用在代碼塊中，參見 filter標簽html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/arti

14、cle/details/7180758 o ? ?%filterupper%Thistextbecomesuppercase%endfilter%函數 Function這個沒什么好說的，會寫程序的都知道，TWIG內置了一些函數，參考我的博客舉個例子 返回一個0到3的數組，就使用 range函數html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaoc

15、hangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%foriinrange(0,3)%i,%endfor%流程控制支持for循環(huán) 和 if/elseif/else結構。直接看例子吧，沒什么好說的。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o c

16、opy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?Members%foruserinusers%user.username|e%endfor%html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o cop

17、y copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%ifusers|length0%foruserinusers%user.username|e%endfor%endif%注釋# . # 包圍的內容會被注釋掉，可以是單行 也可以是多行。載入其他模板詳見include標簽（我博客內已經翻譯好哦），會返回經過渲染的內容到當前的模板里html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/d

18、etails/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%includesidebar.html%當前模板的變量也會傳遞到 被include的模板里，在那里面可以直接訪問你這個模板的變量。比如html HYPERLINK /ji

19、aochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%forboxinboxes%includerender_box.html%endfor%在 render_box.html 是可以

20、訪問 box變量的加入其他參數可以使被載入的模板只訪問部分變量，或者完全訪問不到。參考手冊模板繼承TWIG中最有用到功能就是模板繼承，他允許你建立一個“骨骼模板”，然后你用不同到block來覆蓋父模板中任意到部分。而且使用起來非常到簡單。我們先定義一個基本骨骼頁base.html 他包含許多block塊，這些都可以被子模板覆蓋。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy cop

21、y HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%blockhead%blocktitle%endblock%-MyWebpage%endblock%blockcontent%endblock%blockfooter%Copyright2011byyou.%endblock%我們定義了4個block塊，分別是 block head, block title, block content, block foote

22、r注意1、block是可以嵌套的。2、block可以設置默認值（中間包圍的內容），如果子模板里沒有覆蓋，那就直接顯示默認值。比如block footer ，大部分頁面你不需要修改（省力），但你需要到時候仍可以方便到修改（靈活）下面我看下 子模板應該怎么定義。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/de

23、tails/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%extendsbase.html%blocktitle%Index%endblock%blockhead%parent().importantcolor:#336699;%endblock%blockcontent%IndexWelcomeonmyawesomehomepage.%endblock%注意 % extends base.html % 必須是第一個標簽。其中 block footer就沒有定義，所以顯示父模板中設置的默認

24、值如果你需要增加一個block的內容，而不是全覆蓋，你可以使用 parent函數html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%blocksi

25、debar%TableOfContents.parent()%endblock%extends標簽只能有一個，所以你只能有一個父模板，但有種變通到方法來達到重用多個模板到目的，具體參見手冊的use標簽HTML轉義主要是幫助轉義 尖括號等 , &, 可以有兩種辦法。一種是用標簽，另一種是使用過濾器。其實TWIG內部就是調用 php 的htmlspecialchars 函數html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/detai

26、ls/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?user.username|euser.username|e(js)%autoescapetrue%Everythingwillbeautomaticallyescapedinthisblock%endautoescape%因為是TWIG的操作符，如果你需要輸出兩個花括號，最簡單到辦法就是html HYPERLINK /j

27、iaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?還可以使用 raw 標簽和raw 過濾器，詳細參考手冊html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/d

28、etails/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%raw%foriteminseq%item%endfor%endraw%macros宏宏有點類似于函數，常用于輸出一些html標簽。這里有個簡單示例，定義了一個輸出inp

29、ut標簽的宏。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%macroinput(name,value,type,size)%endmacr

30、o%宏參數是沒有默認值的，但你可以通過default過濾器來實現。一般來說宏會定義在其他到頁面，然后通過import標簽來導入，html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/detai

31、ls/7180758 o ? ?%importforms.htmlasforms%forms.input(username)你也可以只導入一個文件中部分宏，你還可以再重命名。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jia

32、ochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%fromforms.htmlimportinputasinput_field,textarea%Usernameinput_field(username)Passwordinput_field(password,type=password)textarea(comment)上面的代碼表示 從forms.html中導入了 input 和 textarea宏，并給input重命名為input_field。表達式TWIG允許你在任何地方使用表達式，他的規(guī)則和PHP幾乎一模一樣，就算你不會PHP 仍然會覺得很簡單。最簡單的

33、有字符串：“hello world” 或者 hello world 數字：42 或者 42.33數組：a,b,c哈希：a:av, b:bv 其中keys 可以不要引號 也可以是數字 還可以是一個表達式，比如a:av, b:bv 1:1v, 2:2v 1+2:12v邏輯： true 或者 false最后還有null你可以嵌套定義html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy

34、 HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%setfoo=1,foo:bar%運算符包括數字運算+ - * / %(求余數) /(整除) *(乘方)html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy

35、 copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?2*3=62*3=8邏輯運算 and or not比較運算 = = = !=包含運算 in 以下的代碼會返回 truehtml HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/718

36、0758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?1in1,2,3cdinabcde測試運算 is 這個不用多說 直接看代碼html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy

37、 copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?nameisodd%ifloop.indexisdivisibleby(3)%ifloop.indexisnotdivisibleby(3)%#isequivalentto#%ifnot(loop.indexisdivisibleby(3)%其他操作符. 建立一個指定開始到結束的數組，他是range函數的縮寫，具體參看手冊html HYPERLINK /j

38、iaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?%foriin0.3%i,%endfor%| 使用一個過濾器html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/articl

39、e/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?#outputwillbeHELLO#hello|upper 強制字符串連接html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/

40、7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?Helloname!?: 三元操作符html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plai

41、n HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?foo?yes:no. 得到一個對象的屬性，比如以下是相等的。html HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o view plain view plain HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o copy copy HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o print print HYPERLINK /jiaochangyun/article/details/7180758 o ? ?foo.barfoobar你還可以在一個字符串內部插入一個表達式，通常這個表達式是