不定式由to動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成

1、不定式由to動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,其否認(rèn)形式是“not/never to do,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用“for+名詞或代詞賓格構(gòu)成。不定式構(gòu)造 : to do (否認(rèn)) not/never to do 二. 時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-(1).Th

2、ey pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生/在它之后.)(在謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)展)(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前)(4).Were happy to have been working with you. (完成進(jìn)展式表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)展而且可能之后也繼續(xù))動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)想一想He pretends to be ill to sleep in cla

3、ss. 一般式( to do )He pretends to be listening when asked.進(jìn)展式( to be doing)不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作狀態(tài)同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作情況發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)展。He pretends to have understood the lesson.完成式to have done)表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能To have an ice cream is cool.I want to see you this evening.All you should do now i

4、s to remember todays lesson.I want a pen to write with.He lowered his head to sleep. He asked his partner not to copy the homework. 主語 賓語表語 定語 狀語 賓補(bǔ)重點(diǎn)!Remember them!一、-ing形式與不定式的區(qū)別不定式一般表示某個(gè)一次性的、具體的、未做的動(dòng)作；而-ing形式那么表示習(xí)慣的泛指的動(dòng)作或一件的事或經(jīng)歷。 Getting up early is a good habit. To finish the work in a week is i

5、mpossible. 二、不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。但在以下句型中常用-ing形式作主語。 It is impossible to finish the work in a week.It is/was not any use/goodof little use/gooduseless+doing sth.no use/good 假設(shè)主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞, 應(yīng)保持形式上的一致。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is of l

6、ittle good staying up too late every day.注意1)有些動(dòng)詞要求只接不定式作賓語：hope wish want agree promise demand ask refuse manage learn decidepretend choosefail dare offer help三個(gè)希望兩容許兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕做到學(xué)會(huì)作決定不要假裝在選擇沒敢提出來幫助三、不定式和ing形式作賓語的區(qū)別2)有些動(dòng)詞只接ing作賓語,常見的有：resist、 object to、delay、 look forward to 、 enjoy ； mind、 imagine、 pr

7、actise、suggest、appreciate.抗議推遲盼喜報(bào)，心想練成薦欣賞Bear them in your mind!四、不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)三使 let make have 二聽 listen to hear一感: feel四看 watch see observe noticeI heard them sing a pop song .The teacher made me answer the question.We watched them play football .如果上述構(gòu)造變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài),不定式就由原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語,此時(shí)動(dòng)詞(let, have無被動(dòng)語態(tài)

8、)后原來不帶to的不定式要加to。如: He was seen to go upstairs. He was made to do his work .Be careful! 五、介詞except/ but 之后接不定式時(shí)，如果介詞前有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的各種形式那么except/ but 后接不帶to 的不定式；反之，如果except/ but前沒有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do，那么不定式帶to 。Cai has no choice but to do the homework. Cai does nothing but sleep every day.六、 作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞

9、或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。 He is looking for a room to live in.不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live.七、 something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you2) Have you anything to be sent?

10、 你有什么要我或別人寄的東西嗎？ 不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someone else注意比較To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.八、獨(dú)立構(gòu)造to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth九、 不定式的省略(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要 省略該動(dòng)詞.- Would you like to go with me ? - Id like to .(2). 不定式是to be 構(gòu)造, be 不可省.- Would you like to be a teache

11、r?- Id like to be.十、 固定句型:had better/had best + (not) do sth. Why (not) do sth.?prefer to do/prefer doingprefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing Bprefer + to do A rather than do Bwould rather (not) do sth.would rather do A than (do) Bwould rather + 句子過去式 虛擬語氣 要做 不定式運(yùn)用口訣 本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主、表、賓、補(bǔ)、定和狀。 樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它

12、不敢。 大家千萬要留神，有時(shí)它把句型改， 作主賓時(shí)用“it, 自己在后把身藏。 七個(gè)感官三使役， 賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開； 疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當(dāng)； 邏輯主語不定式，不定式前for sb. ; to前not是否認(rèn)， 各種用法區(qū)別開。Use your head!高考題回放1. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime. A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I

13、didnt know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to be studying C. to study D. to have been studying3. In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got4. They are considering _ before the prices go up. A. of buying the house

14、 B. with buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house5.Paul doesnt have to be made_ . He always works hard. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying6. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 2007

15、卷97. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see8. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do w

16、hat with it9. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep10. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having=To haveexerciseMy teacher was made _ his te

17、aching because of poor health.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. beingBDC4.The Emperor ordered the

18、 wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turne

19、d it offBDC幾對易混淆的詞組：stop to do sth. 停頓去做某事 doing sth.停頓正在做forget to do sth.忘記去做 doing sth.忘記已做了remember to do sth.記得去做 doing sth.記得曾經(jīng)做7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.to solving, making B.

20、to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyBA9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go BDB12._ a living, she had to work