2023年中考英語牛津譯林版被動語態(tài)精講

1、被動語態(tài)精講一、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的概念英語動詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的承受者以下情況需要用被動語態(tài)：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的對象（2）不知道或不需要說明動作的發(fā)出者（3）動作的發(fā)出 者很明顯主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，將 主動謂語變?yōu)楸粍又^語，將主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)閎y短語。例：They speak English.（主動語態(tài)）English is spoken by them. （被動語態(tài)）主 謂 介詞短語及物動詞有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞必須帶有介詞才可以有被動語態(tài)。例：（l）We listen to the teacher c

2、arefully in class.主謂 賓-The teacher is listened tn by us carefully in class.主謂 介詞短語（2）We laughed at him.一He was laughed at by us.二、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)與用法結(jié)構(gòu)：be+done （過去分詞），被動語態(tài)中的be為助動詞，無意義。be可 能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be,具體形式是由時態(tài)決定的。 用法：History is made by the people.（一般現(xiàn)在時）The cars were made in Tianjin in 1

3、995.（一般過去時）The tree will be cut down next year.（一般將來時）The book is being written.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時）At that time the building was being built.（過去進(jìn)行時）The film has been seen by me.（現(xiàn)在完成時）They said that their work had been finished.（過去完成時）He said the trees would be planted soon.（過去將來時）The room must be kept clean.（含

4、有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)）三、被動語態(tài)的各種句型（肯定句）（否認(rèn)句）（一般疑問句）（肯定句）（否認(rèn)句）（一般疑問句）The song is liked by young people.The song isnt liked by young people.Is the song liked by young people ?Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?（特殊疑問句）四、主動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)的方法方法分為三步：把原句中的賓語改成主語動詞改為被動形式be done（同時注意時態(tài)）原來的主語如果需要的話放在介詞by后面，以指明做

5、事的人或物，如 果沒有必要那么省去例：The man killed a tiger.一 A tiger was killed by the man.五、特殊句型的被動語態(tài)含有使役動詞（make/let/have）或感官動詞（ see, hear, smell, taste, feel, watch, find等）的句子，在主動語態(tài)中這些詞后常跟不帶to的動詞不定式, 但是在改成被動語態(tài)時，那么一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help這一 個詞在主動語態(tài)中后面的動詞不定式可以帶t。,也可不帶t。，但在被動語 態(tài)中也必須把to加上去。例： Mother often makes me do some

6、 housework.一I am often made to do some housework by mother.We saw him run into the classroom.一He was seen to run into the classroom by us.有些動詞常常帶有兩個賓語（雙賓語：直接賓語和間接賓語），改為被 動語態(tài)時，兩個賓語可以選其中任一個作主語。如果直接賓語被提前作 主語，那么間接賓語（一般是人）前要加相應(yīng)的介詞to/for。例： She gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me.一I was given a pen by he

7、r.一A pen was given to me by her.My father bought me a new bike.二 My father bought a new bike for me.一I was bought a new bike by my father.A new b汰e was bought fbr me by my father.不及物動詞+介詞/副詞+賓語的句子改成被動語態(tài)時，介詞或副詞不能 丟掉。例： We should speak to old people politely.01d people should be spoken to politely by

8、us.He took away the box.一The box was taken away by him.含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子改為變動語態(tài)。（賓補(bǔ)放在原來位置不變）例：We call him Tom.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)一He is called Tom by us.He found the book very interesting.一The book was found very interesting by him.六、主動形式表示被動意義的常見情況感官連系動詞如look, sound, smell, taste, feel無被動語態(tài)。彳列：It sounds a good idea. The

9、 skirt feels very soft.某些動詞用作不及物動詞，并且表示主語的屬性，如sell, open, close, move, read, write, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, drive, carry, dry例： The book sells well. The pen writes smoothly.This coat wears well. The overcoat dries easily.有些動詞如need, want, require, worth等，后接主動形式表示被動含義。彳列： The radio needs repairing. The book is worth reading.表示開始和結(jié)果的動詞