句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析

1、關(guān)于句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析第一張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月簡單句的五個(gè)基本句型主語 不及物動(dòng)詞 She came. 主語 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語 She likes English.主語 系動(dòng)詞 主語補(bǔ)語 She is happy主語 動(dòng)詞 間接賓語 直接賓語She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主語 動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)語 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. 第二

2、張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主謂賓 名代動(dòng)詞名代 we- saw -you. we- did -the work. 主系表 名代系動(dòng)詞形容次名詞代詞you are beautiful you seems worried. you are a stufent. 相同點(diǎn)都三部分，主語也一樣 不同動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞，時(shí)態(tài)一樣，否定式不同動(dòng)詞加助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞不用 表語可以是形容詞，賓語不行 只有賓語有補(bǔ)足語第三張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2、句子成分：英語句子成分分為七種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。1、主語是句子所要說的人或事物,回答是“誰”或者“什么”。通

3、常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：Im Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、謂語動(dòng)詞說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),回答“做(什么)”。主要由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打掃房間)3、表語在系動(dòng)詞之后,說明主語的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 第四張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4、賓語表示及物動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象或結(jié)果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼這個(gè)詞)有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有

4、兩個(gè)賓語,一個(gè)指物,一個(gè)指人。指物的叫直接賓語,指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信)有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語,放在直接賓語后面,來強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫了一封信)第五張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5、定語修飾名詞或代詞,通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是個(gè)大城市)6、狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,通常由副詞擔(dān)任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)

5、第六張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7、賓語補(bǔ)足語用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么,通常由形容詞或動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他們通常讓教室保持清潔) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常幫我做功課) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老師要我自學(xué)法語)8同位語通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后面,進(jìn)一步說明它的情況。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同學(xué)湯姆在哪里？)第七張，PPT共四

6、十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. 主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞） Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞) Seeing is believing. （動(dòng)名詞） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主語從句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主語，主語

7、從句是真正主語）第八張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(一）指出下列句中主語的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.第九張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月謂語（pred

8、icate）：是對(duì)主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。We study English. He is asleep.(二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usu

9、ally C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon第十張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. 表語（predicative）：系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher. （名詞） You dont look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞）He is asleep. （形容詞）His father is in. （副詞） Th

10、e picture is on the wall. (介詞短語)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞）The question is whether they will come. （表語從句）第十一張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月常見連系動(dòng)詞“存在”類:表示存在或具有某種特征或狀態(tài).這類連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“存在”。常見的有:be(是),look(看起來),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),prove(證明是),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來)等。例如: The story

11、sounds true. Those oranges taste good star. 第十二張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. “持續(xù)”類:表示某種情況或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)。這類連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“持續(xù)”。常見的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(繼續(xù)、仍舊),stand(處于某狀況或情形)等。例如: Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days. Its already ten in the morning. The store remain

12、s closed. Whats the matter? 第十三張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. “變化”類:表示由一種情況或狀態(tài)變化成另一種情況或狀態(tài)。這類連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“變化”后的情況或狀態(tài).常見的有:become(變成), turn(變成), grow(變得), get(變得)等。例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.第十四張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(三) 挑出下列句中的表語 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he wo

13、rried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. tired worried yellow interested first 第十五張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. 賓語：1）動(dòng)賓表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如：I like China. （名詞） He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We

14、 need two. （數(shù)詞）I enjoy working with you. （動(dòng)名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （賓語從句）第十六張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some mon

15、ey第十七張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming. his homework English your pronu

16、nciation new words to go swimming第十八張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. 賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。We elected him monitor. （名詞） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名詞）We will make them happy. （形容詞）We found nobody in. ( 副詞 )Please make yourself at home. （介詞短語） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advis

17、ed him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞） Ill have my bike repaired. （過去分詞）第十九張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月擴(kuò)展：主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語的補(bǔ)充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.第二十張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(五) 挑出下列句中的賓語

18、補(bǔ)足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? to read newspap

19、ers and books in the reading-room to take the boy out of school Lily get on the bus playing football on the playground第二十一張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to

20、 Tom. Did he leave any message for me?第二十二張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞）He is our friend. （代詞）We belong to the third world.（數(shù)詞） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)The woman with a baby in her a

21、rms is my sister. (介詞)第二十三張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定語從句）第二十四張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(六) 挑出下列句中的定語 They use Mr., Mrs. with the famil

22、y name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. family given third some downstairs第二十五張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7. 狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）I

23、 will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bi

24、ke.Though he is young, he can do it well.第二十六張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(七) 挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hur

25、ried off. on the face Every night when he was eleven fast With the medicine box under her arm 第二十七張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月八、同位語當(dāng)一個(gè)概念詞在前，后面的詞、詞組或者句子是在解釋前者時(shí)，而且兩者的語法功能相同，后者就是前者的同位語。Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tennis player. 我們的英語老師布萊克先生是個(gè)優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)球手。 Football, the only interest in life, has broug

26、ht him many friends.足球-他唯一的愛好，讓他結(jié)交了許多朋友。第二十八張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友湯姆。 Thats her habit, reading in bed.躺在床上看書是她的習(xí)慣。Your suggestion, to strike while the iron is hot, seemed a good idea.你建議趁熱打鐵，這個(gè)建議很好。第二十九張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月He gave orders that

27、the work should be started immediately.他發(fā)出指示要立即開始工作。You still havent answered my question why you didnt come to school yesterday.你還沒有回答我昨天為什么沒有上學(xué)。同位語從句常跟在某些名詞后，對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步的解釋。這些名詞包括：fact, doubt, idea, news, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question.這類從句常常有that引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)也可以用what

28、, why, whether, when 等引導(dǎo)。第三十張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(九)插入語插入語是說話者對(duì)所表達(dá)的意思的補(bǔ)充、強(qiáng)調(diào)、解釋或者說話的態(tài)度，其位置靈活常常用逗號(hào)或者破折號(hào)分開，并且在語法上不影響其他成份。1. 插入語常以副詞（副詞短語）、形容詞（形容詞短語）、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞短語等形式出現(xiàn)。 （ 1 ）常見的副詞及短語： indeed， surely， however， obviously， frankly， naturally， luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。 第三十一張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月

29、(九) There be 句型 拓展：There be +句詞詞組”中，there為虛詞，be后面的名詞詞組為句子的真正主語。該句式在使用時(shí)須注意如下幾點(diǎn)：There be句式表示“有”時(shí)，它表示一種存在關(guān)系，通常帶有一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語，意為“什么地方（時(shí)候）有”。句式中的主語只能為表泛指的名詞詞組，此外，其主語還可以帶前置或后置定語。例如：1. There is a blackboard in the classroom.2. There are five minutes to go.3. There are two old women waiting for you at the gate.第三

30、十二張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月在正式文體中，該句式中be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于以下兩種情況：（1）該句式中只有一個(gè)主語，主語為單數(shù)時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；主語若為復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。（2）該句式中有幾個(gè)并列主語，則按就近原則處理，即與靠近be動(dòng)詞的第一個(gè)主語保持一致。例如：1. There is room for improvement.2. There are three apples on the table.3. There were only two pens, a dictionary and a textbook on the desk.第三十三張，PPT共四十六頁

31、，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月“There be +主語+不定式”中，不定式可以有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種形式，不過在口語中主動(dòng)形式更為常見。例如：1. There is a letter to type today.2. There is no time to lose.3. There are many things to be done now.第三十四張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月There be句式中，be動(dòng)詞有各種變化形式。（1）be動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)變化，可以為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、將來時(shí)等。例如：1. There are a lot of people in the

32、 meeting-room.2. There was little left.3. There have been many such traffic accidents in the past few years.4. When he got there, he found there had been no one waiting for him in the room.5. Without air, there would be no living things.6. There is going to be a storm tomorrow morning.第三十五張，PPT共四十六頁

33、，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（2）There be句式中，be之前可以有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如：1. There may be some people who dont like the film.2. There used to be a temple in the village.第三十六張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月句子種類第三十七張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一）按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。1） 陳述句（Declarative Sentences）：說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。Light travels faster than sound.光比聲速度快。T

34、he film is rather boring.這部電影很乏味。I havent got a camera. 我沒有相機(jī).They have never met before. 他們以前從沒見過面.第三十八張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月疑問句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出問題。有以下四種： a.一般疑問句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按時(shí)完成工作嗎？b.特殊疑問句（W Questions; H Questions） Where do you live? 你住那兒？ How

35、do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事第三十九張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 c.選擇疑問句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶還是要咖啡？ d.反意疑問句（Tag-Questions）： He knows her, doesnt he?他不認(rèn)識(shí)她，對(duì)不對(duì)？= Does he know her?yes, he does.No , he doesnt.第四十張，PPT共四十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出請(qǐng)求，建議或發(fā)出命令，例如：Sit down, please.請(qǐng)坐。Dont be nervous! 別緊張！4） 感嘆句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒，例如： What good news it i