形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)

1、形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)英語(yǔ)中的形容詞通常用三種形式來(lái)表達(dá)事物的等級(jí)差別，分別是原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。大部分形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是通過(guò)變化詞尾來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，屬于規(guī)則變化，但也有少數(shù)是不規(guī)則變化。英語(yǔ)中有些形容詞說(shuō)明形狀、材質(zhì)等，還有形容詞沒(méi)有程度可分或其本身就表示某種程度，故而沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。常見(jiàn)的有：right正確的wrong錯(cuò)誤的last最后的possible可能的empty空的wooden木制的round圓的golden金色的excellent最好的first第一的impossible不可能的square方的final最后的east東方的favourite最喜歡的一、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成

2、1.規(guī)則變化（1）單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞變化規(guī)則如下：1）單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er（比較級(jí)）,-est（最高級(jí)）例】原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)greatgreatergreatestsmallsmallersmallestcleancleanercleanest2）單音節(jié)如以e結(jié)尾，只加-r（比較級(jí)）,-st（最高級(jí)）例】finefinerfinestnicenicernicestwidewiderwidest3）以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，須先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-er（比較級(jí)），-est（最高級(jí)）【例】bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfa

3、ttest4）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，將y變?yōu)閕,加-er（比較級(jí)）,-est（最高級(jí)）happyhappierhappiesteasyeasiereasiestheavyheavierheaviestfunnyfunnierfunniest【例】5）以-er，ow，-ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，末尾加-er（比較級(jí)），-est（最高級(jí)）【例】clevercleverercleverestableablerablest（2）其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在詞前加more（比較級(jí)），most（最高級(jí)）【例】tiredmoretiredmosttiredinterestingmoreinteresti

4、ngmostinterestingdifficultmoredifficultmostdifficult（注意：A：有詞根加ly構(gòu)成的形容詞，在詞前加more（比較級(jí)），most（最高級(jí)）女口friendly-friend+ly構(gòu)成,friendlymorefriendlymostfriendly；B:以形容前綴un構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest,untidy-untidier-untidiest）2.不規(guī)則變化形容詞的不規(guī)則變化如下原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstlittle

5、/fewlessleastmuch/manymoremostfarfarther更遠(yuǎn)的（只指距離）further更遠(yuǎn)的（指距離）；更深入的（指程度）farthest;furthestoldolder較老的，較舊的；長(zhǎng)輩的（指年齡、新舊、血緣）；elder長(zhǎng)輩的（只指血緣）oldest;eldest二、比較級(jí)的用法（1）高于或低于另一方的比較運(yùn)用“比較級(jí)+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)可以表達(dá)一方超過(guò)或低于另一方的情況。即：物體A+am/are/is+形比+than+物體B.Sheismorebeautifulthanmysister.她比我的姐姐漂亮。Thisbottleisbiggerthanthaton

6、e.這瓶子比那瓶子大。比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示事物本身程度的逐漸增長(zhǎng)，意為“越來(lái)越.”。Sheisbecomingfatterandfatter.她變得越來(lái)越胖。Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。三、最高級(jí)的用法表示在三者或三者以上中程度最高最高級(jí)是表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比較形式。此時(shí)應(yīng)運(yùn)用形容詞的最高級(jí)，其句式為：the+形容詞最高級(jí)+（名詞）+表示范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句，即：物體A+am/are/is+the+形最高級(jí)+（名詞）+比較范圍（of+人/物,in+地方）Lucyisthemostbeautifulgirlinherschool

7、.露西是她學(xué)校最漂亮的女孩。Jimisthethinnestofthethreeboys.吉姆是這三個(gè)男孩中最瘦的?！白睢钡钠渌磉_(dá)方法。（1）運(yùn)用比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的概念。Annistallerthananyothergirlinherclass.Annistallerthantheothergirlsinherclass.Annistallerthantherestofgirlsinherclass.以上三句表達(dá)的意思等同于最高級(jí)的含義：Annisthetallestofthegirlsinherclass.安是她們班上最高的女生。四、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)修飾比較級(jí)的常用語(yǔ)和

8、短語(yǔ)主要有：much（.得多）,alot（.得多）,alittle（.一點(diǎn)）,abit（.一點(diǎn)）,twice（.兩倍）,fivetimes（.五倍）等。Doyoufeelmuchbettertodaythanyesterday?你今天感覺(jué)比昨天好很多了嗎？最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常用的最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)有序數(shù)詞thefirst，thesecond等以及almost（差不多，幾乎），nearly（差不多，幾乎）。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.非洲是第二大洲。Amyswritingisalmostthebestofallthestudents.在所有學(xué)生中，艾米的書(shū)寫(xiě)幾乎是

9、最好的。五、需要注意的情況1.使用比較級(jí)時(shí)常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤（1）more不可修飾比較級(jí)，但是much可以用來(lái)加強(qiáng)比較級(jí)，意為“.的多”、“更.”。TOC o 1-5 h zShelooksmoreyoungerthanI.（x）ShelooksmuchyoungerthanI.（）（2）比較的對(duì)象或范圍出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。TheweatherofShanghaiishotterthanBeijing.（x）（比較的對(duì)象應(yīng)該是北京的天氣，而不是北京）TheweatherofShanghaiishotterthanthatofBeijing.（）上海的天氣比北京的熱。Chinaislargerthananycou

10、ntryinAsia.（x）（出現(xiàn)了邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤，中國(guó)就是亞洲的一個(gè)國(guó)家，應(yīng)當(dāng)排除在外）ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.（）中國(guó)比亞洲別的國(guó)家要大。2形容詞最高級(jí)前通常要加定冠詞the，而以下幾種情況一般不需要加定冠詞the:（1）形容詞最高級(jí)前有序數(shù)詞、物主代詞、指示代詞或名詞所有格等限定詞修飾時(shí),最高級(jí)前不用the。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。（2）形容詞最高級(jí)在句中作表語(yǔ)而比較范圍又不明確時(shí),最高級(jí)前不用the。如:TheyarehappiestonSatu

11、rdays.他們?cè)谛瞧诹羁鞓?lè)。（3）如果兩個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)并列修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí),第二個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)前不加the。如：Heistheyoungestandtallestboyinhisclass.他是班上年齡最小、個(gè)子最高的男孩。練習(xí)形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)(一)一、寫(xiě)出下列單詞的反義詞hot2.new3.clean4.highheavy6.cold7.bad二、寫(xiě)出下列形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)old2.busy3.thinmany5.slow6.delicious三、用適當(dāng)形式填空：Bobis(young)thanFredbut(tall)thanFred.Yingtianisnotas(tall)

12、asYongxian.AlmostallthestudentsfacesarethesamebutLiDeminglooks(fat)thanbefore.Whichis(heavy),ahenorachicken?-How(tall)isSally?-Shes1.55metres(tall).WhataboutXiaoling?-Shesonly1.40metres(tall).Sheismuch(short)thanSally.Sheisalsothe(short)girlintheclass.Heis(bad)atlearningmaths.Heismuch(bad)atChinesea

13、ndheisthe(bad)atEnglish.AnniesaysSallyisthe(kind)personintheworld.Heisoneofthe(friendly)peopleintheclass,Ithink.Adictionaryismuch(expensive)thanastory-book.Anorangeiaalittle(big)thananapple,butmuch(small)thanawatermelon.MissChenisthanMr.Wang.(popular)Mr.LinMr.Brown.(sad)Thebasketballthebaseball.(big

14、)QuestionAQuestionB.(important)Aroseaweed(野草).(beautiful)TorontoiscityinCanada.(large)Playingcomputergamesisofalltheactivities.(interesting).TheNile(尼羅河)isriverintheworld.(long)Goodhealthisthinglife.(important)Takingataxiiswaytogettotheairport.(easy)Test1isofallthetests.(difficult)22.Heisthananyothe

15、rboyintheclass.(clever)Sheisthanalltheotherstudents.(young)Thewindowisofthetwo.(narrow)Whereisthebus-stop?(near)HeisoneofPoliticians.(famous)TomdrivesmuchthanJohn.(careful)Thewhitefloweris(beautiful).Theyellowfloweris(beautiful)thanthewhiteflower.Theredfloweristheofthethree.四、選擇題Sheisthan.A.busier/u

16、sB.busier/weC.morebusy/usD.morebusy/weJaneisthanBetty.A.lesstallerB.lesstallestC.lesstallD.notastallChinaiscountryintheworld.A.thethirdlargestB.thelargestthirdC.thethirdlargeD.athirdlargest-WhichisseasoninBeijing?-Ithinkitsautumn.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest5-Whichis,thesun,themoonortheearth?-Ofcou

17、rse,themoonis.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.thesmallestTheairinBeijingisgettingmuchnowthanafewyearsago.A.cleanB.cleanerC.cleanestD.thecleanestMobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyarethanbefore.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest8IstudyEnglishasasmybrother.A.hardB.harderC.hardest9.Whichis,abicycleor

18、acomputer?A.expensiveB.moreexpensiveC.themostexpensive10.TheYellowRiverisoneofriversinChina.AlongBlongerCthelongest11.Sheisthesecondstudentinourclass.A.tallB.tallerC.talles形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)(二)一、用括號(hào)里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Tomcanjump(high).Hejumps(high)thantheotherboysinhisclass.Janetsing(well)inherclass.Shecansing(well)

19、thanhermusicteacher,too.Myfatheris(handsome).Butmybrotheris(handsome)thanhim.Heis(handsome)inmyfamily.Ihave(many)booksinmyclass.Butmyteacherhas(many)booksthan(I).(they)houseismuch(old)than(we).(she)dances(well)than(he).(he)houseare(small)ofthefour.Does(she)mothergetup(early)than(you)?Whicheats(many)

20、,themouse,thedogorthehorse?Are(we)goingtoplayfootballwith(they)?A.thinnerB.thethinnerC.morethinnerD.thethinnest寫(xiě)出下列形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)形式：long_wide_fatheavy_slow_fewfarhappyunhappy三.用所給詞的正確形式填空：Ofthetwogirls,IfindLucythe(clever).Gold(黃金)is(little)usefulthaniron(鐵).Mysisteristwoyears(old)thanI.Johnsparents

21、havefourdaughters,andsheisthe(young)child.The(cheap)bagsarethenotusuallythebestones.Theshortoneisbyfarexpensiveofthefive.Theboyisnotso(interesting)ashisbrother.Dicksings(well),shesings(well)thanJohn,butMarysings(well)inherclass.Shewillbemuch(happy)inhermewhouse.Thisdressisthat.(twice,asas,expensive)

22、四.選擇填空：1Hefeelstodaythanyesterday.A.tiredB.moretiredC.moretirederD.muchtiredWhichdoyoulike,coffee,teaormilk?A.theworstB.worseC.theworseD.worstOfthetwotoys,thechildchose.A.theexpensiveoneB.onemostexpensiveC.aleastexpensiveD.themostexpensiveofthemThelineisthanthatone.A.morelongerB.notlongerC.muchmorel

23、ongerD.manymorelongerTheearthisthemoon.A.as49timesbigasB.49timesasbiggerasC.49timesasbigasD.asbigas49timesThebookisofthetwo.Shelooksthanshedoes.A.themoreolderB.veryolderC.mucholderD.moreolderThegardenisbecoming.A.morebeautifulandmoreB.morebeautifulandbeautifulC.moreandmorebeautifulD.morebeautifuland

24、beautifulerTheycompeted(比賽)toseewhocouldwork.A.thefastestandbestB.thefasterandthebetterC.fastestandbetterD.fasterandbetterhurry,speed.A.More,lessB.Much,littleC.Themore,thelessD.Themuch,thelittle翻譯句子：1本書(shū)跟那本書(shū)一樣有趣。Thisbookisthatone.2你游泳沒(méi)有你弟弟好。Youcantswimyourbrother.3今天比昨天冷的多。Itistodayitwasyesterday.4對(duì)這

25、個(gè)故事我比另一個(gè)喜歡的多。Thisstoryisthanthatone.5他比我大兩歲。HeisthanI.6這個(gè)故事不如那個(gè)有趣。Thisstoryisthanthatone.7她的身體狀況一天天好起來(lái)。Heisgettingeveryday.他對(duì)英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越感興趣。HeisbecomingEnglish.他吃的越多，人越胖。Themoreheeats,thehegets.你的問(wèn)題是兩個(gè)中比較難的那個(gè)Yourquestionisoftwo.六、用適當(dāng)形式填空：Bobis(young)thanFred,but(tall)thanFred.Aliceisnotas(tall)asMike.LiDe

26、minglooks(fat)thanbeforeafterthesummerholidays.Whichis(heavy),ahenorachicken?-How(tall)isSally?寫(xiě)出下列形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)形式：-Shes1.55metres(tall).WhataboutXiaoling?-Shesonly1.40metres(tall).Sheismuch(short)thanSally.Sheisalsothe(short)girlintheclass.Heis(bad)atlearningmaths.Heismuch(bad)atChineseandheisthe(

27、bad)atEnglish.AnniesaysSallyisthe(kind)personintheworld.Heisoneofthe(friendly)peopleintheclass,Ithink.Adictionaryismuch(expensive)thanastory-book.Anorangeisalittle(big)thananapple,butmuch(small)thanawatermelon.TheChangjiangRiveristhe(long)riverinChina.Sueisalittle(beautiful)thanhersister.Myroomisnot

28、as(big)asmybrothers.-Howdifficultisphysics?-Imnotsure.-Isit(difficult)thanmaths?-Idontthinkso.-Annieplaysthepianovery(well).-Sueplaysit(well)thanAnnie.AndSallyplaysitthe(well).Saturdayismy(busy)dayinaweek.Hermotherisgetting(fat)and(fat).Ithinkitstooexpensive.Idlikea(cheap)one.Hecomestoschoolmuch(ear

29、ly)thanI.Thisbookisnotas(interesting)asthatone.Yourclassroomis(wide)and(bright)thanours.Practiseas(much)asyoucan.The(much),the(good).Nowadays(現(xiàn)在)Englishis(important)thananyothersubject,Ithink.Mostofthestudentsthinkalionismuch(dangerous)thanabearanditisthe(dangerous)animalintheworld.Theapplesintheothershopareand.(cheap;good)Manyofthestarsaresoawaythatwecantseethem.(far)TheY