聽力第四講短對(duì)話

1、英語聽力提高第四講短對(duì)話應(yīng)對(duì)策略1重點(diǎn)主題短語詞匯（必備+必背）2Campus life 校園生活（重點(diǎn)）1 作業(yè)詞匯：assignmentassigned book (必讀書目)paperessays（07-6聽寫） research report composition 作文3textbook教科書reference book參考書(07-6聽寫) copy副本be through withsth結(jié)束，完成（兩次考到）due 到期have sbs hands full with sth 忙于做某事（07-12）4 課程形式詞匯 Seminar（06-6、07-6-詞匯，研討會(huì)） 原句： d

2、o you have the seminar schedule with you?optional/elective course（選修課） evening/day course (晚間/白天課程 09-12詞匯)compulsory course（必修課） presentation （多次考到，展示或演示課）5搭配詞匯: hardly/barely stay awake （無法保持清醒。三次考到，最新10-6考點(diǎn))09年以來的一些新課程名稱advanced physics (高級(jí)物理)data processing (數(shù)據(jù)處理)computer programming(計(jì)算機(jī)程序)biolo

3、gy 生物 6名稱 freshman sophomorejunior senior(05年考點(diǎn))graduate(畢業(yè)生)undergraduate（在校生，本科生） postgraduate （研究生）tutor(導(dǎo)師) graduate school （研究生院）7Job hunting 求職 job applicant candidate(06-6、08-12 候選人) apply for applicationposition （多次考到。職位） resume (簡(jiǎn)歷，注意發(fā)音，多次考到)recruit （連續(xù)考到。招聘） reputation(聲望。06-6/09-12出現(xiàn)）resi

4、gn（辭職，多次考到）benefit（福利，兩次考到） 8paid vacation （帶薪假期）social security （美國的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)） phased retirement (08-12 階段性退休) be laid off (解雇 09-12考點(diǎn))hotel consultant(08-6 酒店咨詢)sales manager（08-12 銷售經(jīng)理）administrative work （08-12 行政工作）92008-6the job will involve much train travel tell me about your present job.2008-12T

5、here were about 20 candidates competing for the sales managers job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.10promotion（09-6/12連續(xù)考到）2009-6 I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled. not really, the new office is huge, but the work load has doubled.2

6、009-12 Arent you disappointed that you didnt get the promotion?2010-0619.C) It enables him to apply theory to practice 22. A) Getting along well with colleagues11機(jī)場(chǎng)（飛機(jī)上） 重點(diǎn)1機(jī)場(chǎng)地點(diǎn)Security check（安檢處） Gate（登機(jī)口）Terminal （航站樓）Check-in counter （換票柜臺(tái)） Customs （海關(guān)）122. 機(jī)場(chǎng)人物Airhostess/stewardess （空姐） steward

7、（空少）flight attendant （飛機(jī)乘務(wù)員）3. 飛機(jī)動(dòng)作Take off/land （起飛、降落）ascend/descend（上升、下降）postpone/delay/cancel （推遲、延遲、取消）13最近題目例句 （200712）I hope you are packed and ready to leave. I have packed my passport in one of my bags. 14餐廳 1點(diǎn)菜：Order menu wine list alcohol steak Fries 2. 埋單：Check the bill please! treat sp

8、lit the bill （分開付）go Dutch15酒店 次重點(diǎn)最新考點(diǎn)（2010-6） washing-up 洗碗工作過往考點(diǎn)（20076/12）reservation （高頻詞,預(yù)定） honeymoon suite （07年6月，蜜月套間）hotel clerk （07年6月詞匯，receptionist） discount (07年6月詞匯, 折扣)free continental breakfast （07年6月詞匯，免費(fèi)歐式早餐）16圖書館 次重點(diǎn)1.書籍：journal 學(xué)術(shù)類刊物 （08-6）原句：Did you check the pile of the journals

9、 you borrowed for the library the other day?(你查過那一摞頭幾天從圖書館借來的學(xué)刊了么？)volume卷current/back issue現(xiàn)/過刊 periodical期刊2.人物：librarian圖書管理員17簡(jiǎn)單的詞匯在四級(jí)聽力中意想不到的含義18Paper在聽力考題中，它最常見的含義是：論文。其次是報(bào)紙。I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class.（論文。2008年12月第17題）What position is being advertised

10、in the paper? (報(bào)紙。2007年12月第25題)19Treat原始含義為對(duì)待，但是聽力中更喜歡考“請(qǐng)客”的含義。You treated me last weekend, now its my turn. (2003年1月第1題)Jam“果醬”不是重點(diǎn)含義，traffic jam (堵車)才是更常見的考點(diǎn)。20Charge1） 收費(fèi)。I have to charge you 150 pounds for one night.（2006年12月第1道長對(duì)話原文）2） 負(fù)責(zé)。I am in charge of a team of 8 brokers(經(jīng)紀(jì)人). （2006年6月第1道長

11、對(duì)話原文）Present“禮物”的含義早已不是考點(diǎn)。目前喜歡考及物動(dòng)詞“展示，表達(dá)和呈現(xiàn)”。另外，變成名詞presentation 之后，其含義為演講和展示，是一種很常見的校園課程形式。Its goals were to educate, share ideas and present Indianas best products. (2007年12月第3篇聽力原文)21Commercial它的名詞含義是“廣告” LetI have a room to let.（1998年第10題原文）含義：我有一間房子出租。注意：rent是指租進(jìn)來，而let是租出去。22短對(duì)話做題策略23做題方式：視聽反向

12、原則、同義替換原則，第二句話易為考點(diǎn) 核心技巧：1、后句比前句重要，回答比提問重要2、同義詞替換（最保險(xiǎn)考點(diǎn)）3、關(guān)注對(duì)話潛在規(guī)則 例如東西斷貨、房間爆滿、考試失敗、課程作業(yè)抱怨、交通工具遲到、邀約失敗.24例題一：2009年12月四級(jí)考試第16題A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. B) She is known to have a terrific figure.C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworth

13、y.25Woman: Ive been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.Man: You look terrific! It seems that your effort has paid off.Question: What does the man imply about the woman?26解析：可以明顯看出，本題的答案為C yielded good results和原文中的your effort has paid off產(chǎn)生了替換作用。其中，類似gym和terrific、efforts等這樣明顯

14、的詞匯是特別需要慎選的，因?yàn)檫@些詞匯都在原文中被明顯播讀過。另外本題目中還包括很多有用的說法：例如terrific figure （魔鬼身材）paid off（發(fā)生效果），以及重復(fù)考過的out of shape （身材走樣） 等等。27例二： 2008年12月第17題A) She wants to get some sleep. B) She needs time to write a paper.C) She has a literature class to attend. D) She is troubled by her sleep problem.M: How about joini

15、ng me for a cup of coffee?W: Id love to, but Im exhausted. I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class.Q: Why does the woman decline the mans invitation?解析：準(zhǔn)確答案A。用來替換Im exhausted， 同義替換，聽到的慎選。28分析選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)榭陀^題目的選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)一般都有其內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，有些相互印證，有些截然對(duì)立，還有些毫不相關(guān)，但是至少可以幫助考生提示關(guān)鍵詞匯和表達(dá)，所以搶時(shí)間閱讀選項(xiàng)就非

16、常重要。 29短對(duì)話必考題型 30一、事實(shí)狀況題一、事實(shí)狀況題問題是關(guān)于談話的一方或雙方說了什么、所處狀態(tài)、做某事的原因何在、結(jié)果如何等。提問方式通常為：What do we learn from this conversation?What does the man mean?What can be inferred from the conversation?31此類題型解題技巧 1.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷問題類型。這類題目的選項(xiàng)一般都是某種事實(shí)情況的陳述，選項(xiàng)中句子的時(shí)態(tài)以一般過去時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)居多。2.正確選項(xiàng)一般不會(huì)是原文的細(xì)節(jié)再現(xiàn)。這類題目往往需要考生根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容推測(cè)出說話人話語中隱含的

17、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，因此正確選項(xiàng)往往不是對(duì)話中的原文照搬，而是對(duì)話內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，或是根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容推斷出的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。323.注意捕捉選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞。聽音前應(yīng)提取選項(xiàng)要點(diǎn)，確定聽音時(shí)應(yīng)該捕捉的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。一般某事的原因或結(jié)果常為考查重點(diǎn)。4.對(duì)選項(xiàng)中及錄音中涉及的關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行標(biāo)記，根據(jù)問題對(duì)號(hào)入座。這類題目涉及的是原文中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，因而有必要將關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)加以記錄，然后根據(jù)問題確定答案。33【真題示例1】(07-6-13)A The man regrets being absent-minded.B The woman saved the man some trouble.C The man placed t

18、he reading list on a desk.D The woman emptied the waste paper basket. M: I wish I hadnt thrown away that reading list!W: I thought you might regret it. Thats why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?34二、行為活動(dòng)題問題是關(guān)于談話的一方或雙方做過、正在做、

19、準(zhǔn)備去做什么，或一方建議另一方去做什么。提問方式通常為：What will the man/woman most probably do?What are the speakers probably going/trying to do?What does the woman suggest doing?35此類題型解題技巧如下：1.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷題型。一般來說，這類題目的選項(xiàng)都是動(dòng)詞短語形式，且動(dòng)詞一般為原形或動(dòng)名詞形式或不定式。2.聽音時(shí)留意對(duì)話中的動(dòng)詞，尤其注意與選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的信息。 在留意動(dòng)詞的同時(shí)，要記錄一些與該動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的重要信息，尤其是不止一個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞在對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，只

20、有留意與其相關(guān)的信息，才能根據(jù)問題對(duì)號(hào)入座。363.注意表示請(qǐng)求或建議的句式或短語。行為活動(dòng)類試題的對(duì)話中經(jīng)常會(huì)包含提出請(qǐng)求或建議的句式或短語，如： Why dont you? What about? Lets; Youd better; If I were you, I would; Id like to; You might as well等，這些句式后面的內(nèi)容有可能就是建議去做或準(zhǔn)備去做的行為活動(dòng)，很可能與答案直接相關(guān)，因此聽音時(shí)需重點(diǎn)留意。37【真題示例2】(06-6)A To find out more about the topic for the seminar.B To mak

21、e a copy of the schedule for his friend.C To get the seminar schedule for the woman.D To pick up the woman from the library. W: Do you have the seminar schedule with you? Id like to find out the topic for Friday.M: I gave it to my friend, but there should be copies available in the library. I can pi

22、ck one up for you.Q: What does the man promise to do?38【解析】行為活動(dòng)題。本題是問男士答應(yīng)做什么事。選項(xiàng)均以不定式形式開頭，表明本題與目的行為有關(guān)。注意對(duì)話中的pickup不是表示“接(某人)”，而是表示“取(東西)”。 由此可知答案為C。39三、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題問題是關(guān)于談話一方對(duì)另一方或第三方的行為、品德、觀點(diǎn)等的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià)。提問方式通常為：What does the woman/ man mean /imply?How does the woman /man feel about.?What does the woman/man thin

23、k of?40解題技巧1.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷問題類型。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類試題的選項(xiàng)中一般都含有一些引出觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞或短語，常見的有：think, believe, find, guess, imagine, consider, as far as I know等。根據(jù)這類線索詞判斷出試題類型以后，可以更有針對(duì)地留意說話人對(duì)自己觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的陳述。412.熟悉表示觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的常見詞語。表示贊成：approve, agree, share, prefer, wise, reasonable, favorable表示反對(duì)：disapprove, disagree, unwise, ridiculous, fool

24、ish, childish表示贊賞：admire，appreciate，think much of, think highly of表示喜歡：love, enjoy, wonderful，fascinating, funny, be fond of, be keen on42表示厭煩：dislike, bored/ boring, be tired of表示關(guān)心：concerned, careful, care about表示怨恨或生氣：hate, hatred, angry, anger, initiated，annoyed表示害怕或擔(dān)心：fearful, frightened, worri

25、ed, nervous表示批評(píng)或諷刺：critical, criticize, ironic，find fault with表示失望或灰心：disappointed, discouraged43表示后悔或遺憾：regret, regretful, pity, shame表示漠然或熱情：indifferent, detached, careless, enthusiastic表示積極或消極：active, positive, negative表示自信或自負(fù)：confident, arrogant, proud表示樂觀或悲觀：optimistic, pessimistic443.抓住對(duì)話中的一些標(biāo)

26、識(shí)性的詞語。 聽音時(shí)應(yīng)注意抓住一些表示因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、比較或舉例等邏輯關(guān)系的標(biāo)識(shí)性的詞語，如：but, instead, if, when, since, before, after, so 等，尤其是轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容，往往表達(dá)作者的真實(shí)觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度，常為考查重點(diǎn)。4.把握說話人的語氣。 聽音時(shí)應(yīng)注意通過說話人的語氣來判斷說話人的態(tài)度，尤其是反問、疑問、感嘆等語氣，往往會(huì)明顯地體現(xiàn)出說話人的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)。45【真題示例3】(06-6-3)A The Edwards are quite well-off.B The Edwards should cut down on their living expens

27、es.C Itll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.D Its too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.M: How do you like the new physician who replaced Dr. Andrew?W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house.M: Should they be doing that with all the other exp

28、enses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, their present house is not too bad.Q: What does the man imply?46【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本題是問男士暗示什么。選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)iving expenses(生活開支)和buy another house表明對(duì)話應(yīng)與the Edwards的生活開支和購房計(jì)劃有關(guān)。對(duì)話中男士用反問語氣(should they be doing?)表示反對(duì)意見They shouldnt be doing(Itll be unwiseto do)。47四、地點(diǎn)

29、場(chǎng)景題問題是關(guān)于對(duì)話發(fā)生的場(chǎng)合、地點(diǎn)或者涉及到的人或事物所處的位置。提問方式通常為：Where is the conversation most probably taking place?Where are the two speakers?48解題技巧1.單個(gè)地點(diǎn)題：抓住與特定地點(diǎn)相關(guān)的常用詞語。這類題目的對(duì)話中一般不會(huì)提到具體場(chǎng)所，問題往往要求根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容推測(cè)出談話場(chǎng)所或某人的去向?？忌⒁庾ト⌒畔⒃~，即與特定地點(diǎn)相關(guān)的最常用詞語。2.多個(gè)地點(diǎn)題：依賴筆記，留意提問中的核心詞。這類題目對(duì)話中一般會(huì)提到幾個(gè)地點(diǎn)，而就其中某一個(gè)進(jìn)行提問，解題關(guān)鍵在于區(qū)分細(xì)節(jié)，對(duì)與選項(xiàng)相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行速記，并

30、注意抓住提問中的核心詞。 493.熟悉常考的地點(diǎn)。診所或醫(yī)院(clinic or hospital) 餐館(restaurant) 學(xué)校或校園(school or campus) 書店 (bookstore)火車站 (railway station) 機(jī)場(chǎng) (airport)圖書館 (library) 郵局(post office) 銀行(bank) 旅館 (hotel)50【真題示例4】(新06-6-15)A At a clinic.B In a supermarket.C At a restaurant.D In an ice-cream shop.M: Ill have the stea

31、k, French Fries, and lets see, chocolate ice-cream for dessert.W: Oh-oh, you know these things will ruin your health, too much fat and sugar, how about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead?Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?51五、談?wù)撛掝}題問題是關(guān)于對(duì)話中所談?wù)摰脑掝}或?qū)ο蟆Ｌ釂柗绞酵ǔ椋篧hat are they

32、talking about?What are the speakers talking about?52解題技巧 1.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷問題類型。一般來說，這類題目的選項(xiàng)概括性都較強(qiáng)，且通常為短語;另外各選項(xiàng)所陳述的內(nèi)容往往差別較大。2.捕捉與話題相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞。只要能捕捉到對(duì)話中與該話題相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，往往就可以判斷出對(duì)話談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容。3.熟悉常考話題相關(guān)詞語。4.注意不要只從對(duì)話一方的話語中尋找答案。雙方的話語中應(yīng)都含有與主題相關(guān)的線索詞。53【真題示例5】(05-6)A An art museum.B A beautiful park.C A college campus.D An archit

33、ectural exhibition.W: Waa, I do like this campus. All the big trees, the green lawns, and the old buildings with tall columns. It is really beautiful.M: It sure is. The architecture of these buildings is in the Greek style. It was popular in the 18th century here.Q: What are the speakers talking abo

34、ut?54六、身份關(guān)系題問題是關(guān)于對(duì)話中某個(gè)人物的職業(yè)身份或?qū)υ掚p方的關(guān)系等。提問方式通常為：Whats the womans job?What most probably is Mary?What is the probable relationship between the (two) speakers?What is the most probable relationship between Jim and Bob?55解題技巧1.注意稱呼語。對(duì)話中的稱呼語往往會(huì)直接暴露出說話人的身份或說話雙方的關(guān)系，比如Mr.一詞就表明對(duì)方很可能是自己的上級(jí)或老師。2.捕捉關(guān)鍵詞及人物語氣。解答這

35、類試題，不但要熟悉體現(xiàn)某種人物關(guān)系或某種職業(yè)的相關(guān)詞匯，而且要注意說話人的語氣和態(tài)度。563.?？悸殬I(yè)身份教授(professor) 秘書(secretary)醫(yī)生(doctor) 老板(boss)服務(wù)員(waiter/waitress) 主人 (host/hostess)修理工(repairer, plumber, electrician)家庭角色(husband, wife, son, daughter, girlfriend)574.?？既宋镪P(guān)系(husband wife) (father son)(mother son) (teacher student)(schoolmate/ cl

36、assmate) (colleague)(boss secretary) (employer employee)(doctor patient) (waiter/waitresscustomer)(host/hostess guest) (policeman driver)(librarian reader) (landlord/landlady tenant)58【真題示例6】(03-1)A Colleagues.B Husband and wife.C Employer and employee.D Mother and son.W: John, what are you doing on

37、 your computer? Dont you remember your promise?M: This is not a game. Its only a crossword puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?59七、數(shù)字信息題問題涉及到時(shí)間、年齡、數(shù)量、速度、價(jià)格等信息。提問方式通常為：What time did Suzy leave home?How much does one ticket cost?When is th

38、e train leaving?60解題技巧1.速記信息。對(duì)話中一般都不會(huì)只出現(xiàn)一個(gè)數(shù)字，因此一定要對(duì)出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字及相關(guān)要點(diǎn)信息進(jìn)行速記。2.聽清問題。做這類題目時(shí)，必須清楚地抓住問題是針對(duì)什么提問，然后才能根據(jù)記錄的信息將答案對(duì)號(hào)入座。3.不要直攝答案。答案一般都不會(huì)是原文中數(shù)字信息的再現(xiàn)，往往需要經(jīng)過簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算才能得出答案。61【真題示例7】(04-6)A At 10:30.B At 10:25.C At 10:40.D At 10:45.M: So when are the other guys going to get here? The train is leaving in 10 m

39、inutes. We cant wait here forever.W: Its 10:30 already. Theyre supposed to be here by now. I told everybody to meet here by 10:15.Q: When is the train leaving?62我們的目標(biāo)是？短對(duì)話一個(gè)不錯(cuò)！加油，加油！63 she has to post a letter instead she has to turn down the mans request shes not sure if the computer is fixed she c

40、ant send the message right now12.He didnt get the book he needed he had no idea where the book was the library is closed on weekends he was not allowed to check out the book 6413. A. play a tape recorder B. take a picture C. repair a typewriter D. start a car14. the woman rejected the mans apologyThe woman appreciated th