Linguafranca社會語言學(xué)PPT培訓(xùn)課件

1、Linguafranca社會語言學(xué)Contents1. Brief Introduction 2. Characteristics of Lingua franca3.Origions of Lingua franca4.Examples of Lingua Franca5.Similarities and Dissimilarities among Pidgin, Creole and Lingua franca6. Current situation of lingua franca1. Brief Introduction Lingua franca is a language used

2、 for communication between different groups of people, each speaking a different language. 2. Characteristics of Lingua francaIt could be an internationally used language of communicationIt could be the native language of one of the groupsIt could be a language which is not spoken natively by any of

3、 the group but has a simplified sentence structure and vocabulary and is often a mixture of two or more language. Lingua franca3.Origions of Lingua francaThe term lingua franca(Italian for Frankish tongue) originated in the Mediterranean region in the Middle Ages among crusaders and traders of diffe

4、rent language backgrounds in Western Africa , India , Kenya. It appeared in the Holy Land around the 13th Century. Piracy and naval warfare brought it in the 16th century to the Barbary Coast, where it came to be used in official records, on account of trade contacts. By the 19th century, European s

5、ettlers and the opening of regular schools threatened this once widespread informal jargon. As an instinctive adaptation of a basic Italian/Spanish lexicon to a simplified Arabic syntax, Lingua Franca does occasionally appear even today.4.Examples of Lingua FrancaLatin and Greek were the lingua fran

6、cas of the Roman empire; Akkadian, and then Aramaic, remained the common languages of a large part of Western Asia through several earlier empires.In certain countries the lingua franca is also used as the national language; e.g., Urdu is the lingua franca of Pakistan as well as the national languag

7、eExamples of lingua francas remain numerous, and exist on every continent. The most obvious example as of the early 21st century is English. There are many other lingua francas centralized on particular regions, such as Arabic, Chinese, French, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish.5.Similarities and Diss

8、imilarities among Pidgin, Creole and Lingua francais a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common. A pidgin is not the native language of any speech community, but is instead learned as a second language. PidginA lan

9、guage that developed historically from a Pidgin. Sometimes the pidgin becomes stable and established and comes to be spoken as a mother tongue by children: the language has then become a creole , which quickly develops in complexity and is used in all functional settings. CreoleLingua franca is a fu

10、nctionally defined term. Though Pidgins and Creoles often function as lingua fracas, many such languages are neither pidgins nor creoles.Lingua francapidginCreoleLingua francaIt used as mother tongue of a speech communityIt is accepted by members of its own speech community as communication language

11、 to be learned and used6. Current situation of lingua francaEnglish as Lingua franca6.1 Current situation of English English is now the dominant or official language in over 60 countries and is represented in every continent. From this fact, it can be understood that the English language is a vital

12、means of communication for millions of people around the world. During the twentieth century, numerous technological inventions and developments, such as the telephone, fax, electronic mail, internet, etc have facilitated communication between people from all walks of life and the language that is u

13、sed most is English, as the following quote proves. Most of the scientific, technological and academic information in the world is expressed in English and over 80% of all the information stored in electronic retrieval systems is in English. 6.2 Reasons for this situationEnglish as a future lingua f

14、ranca has three characteristics : the status of official language in several countries ; a priority in countries foreign-language teaching programme ; being widely used all over the world.The status of a language as a lingua franca in the 21st century is not determined by its linguistic merits , or

15、the number of people who speak the language , or a countrys language policy , but the combined effect of political , economic and cultural forces . 6.3 The developing trend of English as Lingua franca While in the process of globalization, English is also localized and gives birth to a lot of new varieties . These varieties called World English. e.g. tofu 豆腐 tea 茶 tai chi 太極 chopstick 筷子Reasons for this tendency Because language is a tool for its users to express