智慧城市中的數字孿生（中英）

1、Digital Twins in SmartCityDigital Twins in SmartCity智慧城市中的數字孿生A bridge between the physical and virtual world現實世界與虛擬世界之間的橋梁What is a digital twinA digital twin is a digital model or replica of a physical asset, be it a product, an organisation, a public infrastructure or even an entire city. It has

2、a wide range of applications from conducting diagnostics on organisational health, augmenting service designs to enabling more effective city management. In the context of a smart city, a digital twin of the city continuously collects information from the built environment (via technologies such as

3、sensors, drones, or mobile devices). It is made possible with the use of remote communication technologies such as WiFi and Bluetooth as well as through Internet of Things (IoT) sensors that gather data from the physical world to reconstruct an identical digital copy of the city. Apart from IoT, the

4、 use of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), cloud computing, machine learning and advanced analytics also enhance the accuracy and dynamism of this replica, allowing static, historical and real- time data to be processed and synthesised almost immediately to provide valuable insights about the p

5、erformance of the city. Therefore, a digital twin can be considered as a “strategy accelerator” that facilitates public sector organisations to identify insights and connections more effectively, and to drive to better solutions with more confidence.數字孿生是產品，機構，公共基礎設施甚至整 個城市的數字模型或實物資產的副本。它具有 廣泛的應用 從對

6、機構進行監(jiān)測，增強服務 設計到實現更有效的城市管理。在智慧城市的 背景下，城市的數字孿生不斷（通過傳感器， 無人機或流動裝置等的技術）從建筑環(huán)境中收 集信息。通過使用遠程通信技術（例如WiFi和 藍牙），物聯(lián)網（IoT）傳感器以及從現實世界 收集數據，能實現構建與城市相同的數字副本。 除物聯(lián)網外，運用大數據，人工智能（AI）， 云計算，機器學習和分析的功能，亦可提高數 字副本的準確性和動態(tài)性，令數字副本可即時 處理和綜合靜態(tài)，歷史和實時數據，提供有關 城市表現的見解。因此， 數字孿生可被視為 “戰(zhàn)略加速器”，促進公共部門機構更有效地 洞察數據與城市管理的關聯(lián)，并為公共機構推 動更佳的解決方案注

7、入信心。什么是數字孿生Digital Twins in Smart City2智慧城市中的數字孿生Harnessing the power of data and real-time simulation to build insight-driven public sector organisationsIn the face of intensifying global competition and growing complexity in urban challenges, cities are encountering increasing pressure for more ef

8、ficient resource allocation and proper city management. In fact, there is growing recognition amongst public sector organisations from around the world on the value of leveraging real time digital data for monitoring performance of existing public services, improving city planning and optimising dec

9、ision making of policy makers.By feeding different sources of dynamic data to a digital twin, there is potential for this replica totestbed ideas or simulate what-if scenarios for the facilities, processes and city landscape which one wished to change before actually putting actual resources behind

10、real-world implementation. Such an exercise allows for identification of potentialissues in any proposed plans or initiatives before they actually happen, thus allowing organisations to further tailor their actions and mitigate the risks early on.From a city management perspective, a digital twin of

11、 a building or even an entire city can greatly assist in urban planning as well as the operation and maintenance (O&M) of physical assets. For instance, by first identifying and preventively maintaining physical assets or city network, this can save time from subsequent corrective maintenance and mi

12、nimise downtime to anyissues. Likewise, by first simulating solar energy exposure or risks created by severe weather conditions in a city, there is potential for enhancing designs of built environment to be more green and resilient.For public sector organisations, a digital twin can also serve as an

13、 effective engagement tool to facilitate discussion amongst different segments of society, including the general public, the private sector, civil society and policy makers amongst others. The ability to simulate scenarios and translate data into meaningful insights througha virtual representation o

14、f the real world bring issues to life for those who have a stake in the city. A digital twin will thus not only enable better policymaking and service improvement, but also present an opportunity for public sector organisations to demonstrate more responsiveand agile governance that can ultimately m

15、aximise impact and value to the communities and the public.面對日益激烈的全球競爭和城市挑戰(zhàn)的復雜 性，各城市正面臨越來越大的壓力，并要求更 有效的資源分配和適當的城市管理。實際上， 全球的公共機構都越來越認識到利用實時數字 數據來監(jiān)察現有公共服務的績效，改善城市規(guī) 劃和優(yōu)化決策者制定決策的價值。通過將不同的動態(tài)數據源提供予數字孿生，此 數字副本將能測試想法，或在投入實際資源應 用時，模擬日後改變設施，流程和城市景觀的 假設情景。這樣的模擬可以提早識別任何擬議 的計劃或舉措中的潛在問題，從而使機構可以 進一步調整其行動并盡早減輕風險。從

16、城市管理的角度來看，建筑物或整個城市的 數字孿生可有效地協(xié)助城市規(guī)劃以及實物資產 的運營和維護。例如，通過首先識別和預防性 維護有形資產或城市網絡，可以節(jié)省后續(xù)糾正 性維護的時間，并最大程度地減少因任何問題 而造成的服務中斷時間。例如，通過首先模擬 日曬的情況或城市中惡劣天氣條件造成的風 險。可令建築環(huán)境的設計更環(huán)保和更具彈性。對于公共機構而言，數字孿生可用作有效的參 與工具，促進社會各階層之間的討論，包括公 營，私營部門，民間社會和決策者等。數字孿 生賦予模擬場景以表達真實世界的能力并將數 據轉換為有意義的見解，讓那些相關者可以更 確切地看到問題的要點。因此，數字孿生不僅 可以優(yōu)化政策制定和

17、服務水平，而且還為公共 機構展示更具響應性和彈性治理的機會，最終 可以最大程度地提升對社區(qū)和公眾的影響力和 價值。利用數據和實時模擬的力量來構建受洞察力驅動的公共部門機構Digital Twins in Smart City3智慧城市中的數字孿生Technologies: Visualisation via AR, VR or a mixture of both虛擬化技術: 現實, 虛擬現實和混合現實With a specific challenge to be addressed, the right approach needs to be used when constructing a

18、 fit- for-purpose digital twin. To facilitate this process, we have developed the Digital Twin Model for assessing the approach for developing digital twins depending on the purpose of use. Both data and technologies will need to be duly considered.For data, this can generally be classified along tw

19、o axes time-space and dimensional components of data as shown in the 2-by-2 matrix below. Some indicative applications in the Digital Twin Model are also shown in the diagram.為了解決特定的挑戰(zhàn)，在構建切合需要的數字 孿生系統(tǒng)時需要使用正確的方法。因此，我們 構建了數字孿生模型，根據使用目的評估構建 數字孿生的方法， 其數據和技術都需要適當 考量。數據通?？梢匝貎蓚€軸進行分類 數據的時 空和維度，如以下的22矩陣所示。圖中

20、還展 示了數字孿生模型中的一些參考性應用。使用數字孿生模型構建切合需要的數字副本Using the Digital TwinModel to constructa fit-for-purpose replicaDynamism of data 數據動態(tài)Representation of data 數據維度表示Dynamic動態(tài)Time & Space時間和空間Static靜態(tài)3D2D Dimension 維度Navigation導航Navigation (3D) 導 航 （3D）Remote facility monitoringPandemic management & trackingCr

21、owd & traffic controlClimate diagramsCity dashboard遠程設施監(jiān)控流行病管理和追蹤人群和交通控制氣候數據圖城市儀表板Buildingmanagement 樓宇管理系統(tǒng)system 地下管道維修Maintenance ofunderground pipes 微氣候和氣流分析Microclimate andairflow analysis 指揮與控制中心/危Command and機管理Control Centre/ Crisis managementMaps地圖Building 建筑信息模型Informationmodelling (” BIM” )

22、 地理信息系統(tǒng)GeographicInformation System 設計可視化（室內/(“GIS”)場地）Design visualisation (interior/venue)Administrative boundary行政邊界Building plans建筑圖則Digital Twins in Smart City4智慧城市中的數字孿生Development of a digital twin will need to consider the dynamic and static aspects of data, as well as the need for 2D and 3D

23、 representation of situation and environment. In particular, the 2D/3D dimensional representation of data could be further differentiated between “on the ground” vs “below ground” applications, and indoor vs outdoor applications. For instance, “on the ground” application would involve data captured

24、on building faade for buildings management, while “below ground” application allows the tracking and maintenance of pipe networks for cities.With regard to virtualisation technologies, this model could be further overlaid with Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) for i

25、llustrating the environment and its associated information. While VR allows people to visualise 3D virtual environments, AR takes computer-generated images and overlays them on real view of the world, and MR is the merging of real and virtual worlds to produce new environments and visualisations, wh

26、ere physical and digital objects co-exist and interact in real time.數字孿生的構建將需要考慮動態(tài)和靜態(tài)方面的 數據，以及運用2D和3D展示情況和環(huán)境的要 求。2D/3D維度的數據可進一步分成“地面” 和“地下”及“室內”和“室外”的應用。例 如, “地面”應用場景用例之一是將采集在建筑 物立面上的數據用作建筑物管理，而地下用例 之一是采集數據以便追蹤和維護城市的管道 網絡。關于虛擬化技術，此模型可以進一步與增強現 實（ AR ） ， 虛擬現實（ VR ） 和混合現實（MR）重疊，以說明環(huán)境及其相關信息。VR 可以使人們可視化3

27、D虛擬環(huán)境，AR可以拍攝計 算機生成的圖像并將其疊加在真實世界上，而 MR是現實世界與虛擬世界的融合，以產生新的 環(huán)境和可視化效果，令實物和數位物件共同存 在并實時互動。Different applications can adopt different Digital Twin Model that balances benefits and resource requirements (such as data).Digital Twins in Smart City5智慧城市中的數字孿生不同的應用程序可以采 用不同的數字孿生模 型， 以平衡效益和資源 需求（例如數據） 。Fixed Ne

28、tworks固定網絡Digital Persona數字角色(ID)Cloud Computing云計算Interconnected Urban Data Interchange Platform互聯(lián)的城市數據交換平臺Mobile Networks移動網絡Citizen Engagement Platform公民參與平臺Big Data大數據Wireless無線Security , Privacy and Trust安全，隱私和信任Identity and Access Management 身份和權限管理RF Mesh射頻網Common Spatial Data Gateway通用空間數據網關

29、通道Asset Management資產管理LPWAN廣域網Open Data公開資料Payment Gateways支付途徑Manufacturing制造Industrial IOT工業(yè)物聯(lián)網Retail零售Healthcare衛(wèi)生保健Smart Cities智慧城市Smart Governance智能管理Embedded sensing infrastructure (IOT) integrated with Core city infrastructure嵌入式傳感基礎設施（IOT）與 核心城市基礎設施Data standards / governance 數據標準/管理Security

30、 & Privacy 安全與隱私Technology enablers: AI, AR, VR, MR 技術推動：現實, 虛擬現實和混合現實 Applications 應用Water Distribution水源分配Roads道路Active and Passive RFID tags, multimodal sensors and actuators, biometrics, connected objects/ intelligent devices (speech recognition, location aware), mobile devices主動和被動RFID標簽，多模式感應器

31、和執(zhí)行器，生物識別技術，連接的對象/智能設備（語音識別，位置感知），流動裝置Device management platform for city sensors城市傳感器的設備管理平臺Sewage Network污水管網路Public Spaces公共場所Building建筑Network運輸網絡Electricity Distribution電力分配Electronic Payment電子支付Tele- communication Network電信網絡Digital twins are more than just virtualisation of information. It fu

32、nctions as a system with the need for collaboration of actors as well as the establishment of appropriate networks, systems and standards. Most critically, it has to be powered by a whole suite of embedded sensing infrastructure and dataprocesses,數字孿生不僅僅是信息虛擬化。它透過參與者 之間的協(xié)作以及建立適當的網絡， 制度和標 準，從而發(fā)揮系統(tǒng)的作用

33、。最關鍵的是，它必 須由一整套嵌入式感應基礎建設和數據處理程 序支撐，并負責從現實世界中收集數據。which will be responsible for gathering data from the physical world. This is supported by a myriad of platforms where machine learning and advanced data analytics generate valuable information feeds for real-life real-time applications. These activit

34、ies are governed by data standards, security and privacy regulations. The diagram below illustrates a high-level framework of a digital twin ecosystem:數據收集依賴眾多平臺支援，這些平臺透過機 器學習和數據分析為實時應用提供具價值的信 息。這些活動受數據標準，安全性和私隱的法 規(guī)約束。下圖說明了數字孿生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的高概 要框架 。將數字孿生發(fā)展視為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Looking at digital twin developmentas an ecosys

35、temDigital Twins 數字孿生Shared Digital Infrastructure power digital twins共享數字基礎設施助力數字孿生Government & Private Owned and Operated Platform and Functional Components 政府和私人擁有 和運營的平臺和 功能組件Connectivity連接網絡Platforms臺平Digital Twins in Smart City6智慧城市中的數字孿生Infrastructure required to support the development and a

36、doption of digital twins include:Data collection & production through sensors (managed by a device management platform), use of mobile and smart tracking devices;Data transmission through connectivity networks;Data storing, processing & exchange through platforms that allows integration of data from

37、 various data points and systems; andData usage through applications that are able to translate data inputs into valuable insights and provide real-time diagnostic of situation.支持數字孿生的構建和采用所需的基礎建設 包括:數據收集和生產：通過傳感器（由設備管理 平臺管理），流動裝置和智能追蹤設備，進 行數據收集和生產；數據傳輸：通過連接網絡進行數據傳輸；數據存儲、處理和交換：通過平臺匯整來自 各個數據點和系統(tǒng)的數據，進

38、行數據存儲， 處理和交換數據使用：通過應用程式進行數據使用，這 些應用程序可以將數據整合并輸入轉換為有 價值的見解以及提供實時狀況診斷。Protecting privacy and security are key to establish trust in a digital world.Digital Twins in Smart City7智慧城市中的數字孿生保護隱私和安全是在 數字世界中建立信任 的關鍵。The concept of digital twins has immense potential to be applied across different industries

39、, sectors and cities in order to optimise productivity and performance. The diagram below shows the potential use cases of digital twins in both public and private sectors, and how individuals interact with it:數字孿生的概念具有巨大的潛力，可以在不 同的行業(yè)，部門和城市中應用，以優(yōu)化生產 力和性能。下圖顯示了公營和私營部門中數 字孿生的潛在使用案例，以及個人與數字孿 生的互動：為什么選擇

40、數字孿生 來自世界各地的例子Why digital twins examples from aroundthe worldPotential use cases數字孿生的潛在使用案例City managementUrban planning and designingPublic safety & crisis managementManufacturing prototypingHealthcare drugs designLogistics delivery route planning制造 原型制作醫(yī)療保健 藥物設計物流 交貨路線計劃Individuals to obtain infor

41、mation for decision making and share data (if applicable)個人獲取決策信息并共享數據（如果適用）Public sector公共部門Private sector私營部門As we put more and more sensors into service, a centralised device management platform could help channel data collected from sensors to support smart city implementation.Digital Twins in S

42、mart City8智慧城市中的數字孿生隨著我們將使用越來越 多的傳感器， 集中管理 設備的平臺可以幫助引 導從感應器收集數據， 支持智慧城市的實施。城市管理城市規(guī)劃設計公共安全與危機管理Virtual Singapore is a digital platform that will enable the public, businesses, government and research agencies to derive insights, develop solutions and run simulations using a large scale city model of

43、Singapore as part of a Smart Nation initiatives.With a rich data environment, Virtual Singapore provides a collaborative platform to help make long-term decisions on areas such as infrastructure and resource management, urban planning. Its capabilities include: Virtual experimentation, e.g. examine

44、coverage areas of 3G/4G networks to provide realistic visualisation of poor coverage areas;Virtual test-bedding to validate provision of services, e.g. 3D modelling of the new Sport Hub with semantic information to simulate crowd dispersion to establish evacuation procedures during an emergency;Plan

45、ning and decision making, Virtual Singapore is a holistic and integrated platform to develop analytical applications, e.g. apps to analyse transport flows and pedestrian movement patterns; andR&D, data to be made available to research community to innovate and develop new technologies or capabilitie

46、s.Virtual Singapore是一個數字平臺，作為智慧 國家計劃的一部分，它讓公眾，企業(yè)，政府 和研究機構能夠使用大型的新加坡城市模型 來獲取靈感， 建立解決方案并運行模擬 測試。憑借豐富的數據環(huán)境，Virtual Singapore提供 了一個協(xié)作平臺，協(xié)助在基礎設施和資源管 理，城市規(guī)劃等領域做出長期決策。其功能 包括： 虛擬實驗，例如檢查3G / 4G網絡的覆蓋 區(qū)域，以顯示網絡覆蓋較差的區(qū)域; 以虛擬測試進行服務驗證， 例如Sport Hub的3D建模，可模擬人群分散情況， 並建立在緊急情況下疏散程序; 規(guī)劃和決策；Virtual Singapore是分析應 用程序的平臺，例如

47、分析交通流量和行人 運動方式的應用程序；和 研發(fā)，將數據提供給研究團體，以革新建 立新技術的能力。Digital Twins in Smart City9智慧城市中的數字孿生New South Wales Government of Australia has launched a virtual 4D model of Western Sydney areas built and natural environment, with data such as buildings, strata plans, terrain, property boundaries, and utilities

48、 (e.g. power, water and sewer pipes). The 4D model is a 3D depiction with the addition of time so that users can create models based on historical or future scenarios. The model has brought great benefits as it enables:澳大利亞新南威爾士州政府已啟動了悉尼西 部地區(qū)建筑和自然環(huán)境的虛擬4D模型，其中 包含建筑物，地層平面圖，地形，物業(yè)邊界 和公用事業(yè)（例如電力，自來水和下水道）

49、等數 據。4D模型是帶有時間的3D描繪，因此 用戶可以根據歷史或未來場景創(chuàng)建模型。該 模型具有以下重大優(yōu)點： Urban planners, developers and policymakers to make more informed decisions and to enable integrated city planning; Data from public agencies and private sector to be brought together, hence enabling the government to better communicate plans fo

50、r infrastructure development; and Better prediction and management of traffic congestion, monitoring of land cover and structural changes, bushfire prediction. 城市規(guī)劃師，地產商和政策制定者做出更 明智的決策，并實現整合的城市規(guī)劃；將公營機構和私營部門的數據匯整，使 政府能夠更好地傳達基礎建設的發(fā)展計 劃；和 更好地預測和管理交通擁堵，監(jiān)測土地覆 蓋和結構變化，以及預測山火。Digital Twins in Smart City10智慧

51、城市中的數字孿生Amaravati, India is the first greenfield city borne out of digital twin. It enables planners, architects, engineers, and policy makers to work in unison towards achieving collective design, policy, social, and financial goals. Scenarios are developed in advance to optimize outcomes, also adj

52、usted on the fly to keep pace with change. New digital services and functions planned to be included as part of the digital twin include:Real-time construction progress monitoring, environmental and wellness monitoring, et al. via ubiquitous, multi-nodal IoT sensors;Advanced mobility and traffic mon

53、itoring and simulations;Advanced microclimate and climate change monitoring and simulations; Digital “drag and drop” building permit submissions; Digital zoning, setback, environmental, traffic, and other statutory compliance-related preliminary analysis; and Digital twin user ID scheme for every Am

54、aravati citizen that will serve as a single citizen portal for all government information, notifications, forms, and applications.印度阿馬拉瓦蒂（Amaravati）是第一個由數 字孿生衍生的發(fā)展中城市。它使規(guī)劃人員， 建筑師，工程師和政策制定者能夠齊心協(xié)力 實現集體設計，政策，社會和財務目標。預 先建立場景以優(yōu)化結果，并配合變化進行實 時的調整。計劃納入數字孿生的新數字化服 務和功能包括： 實時施工進度監(jiān)控，環(huán)境和健康監(jiān)控等。 通過無處不在的多節(jié)點物聯(lián)網傳感器;

55、流動性和交通監(jiān)控及模擬; 先進的微氣候和氣候變化監(jiān)測與模擬;數字“拖放”建筑許可證提交;數字分區(qū)，危機，環(huán)境，交通和其他遵規(guī)相 關的初步分析；和Amaravati公民的數字孿生用戶ID方案，將 成爲單一便民窗口，用作處理所有政府信 息，通知，表格和應用程序。Digital Twins in Smart City11智慧城市中的數字孿生While the application of digital twins is promising, it comes with a whole set of challenges that both public and private organisati

56、ons may encounter when developing and executing the strategy. Some common challenges include:VisionEstablishing a clear vision and KPIs Implementation of digital twins can be a resource-intensive exercise involving a wide range of stakeholders. Establishing common understanding of the vision of such

57、 implementation and developing a set of performance indicators are key to a successful digital twin implementation.Implementation coordination Vision is just the start, delivery is the hard part. At present, Governments are facing challenges like too much choice and too many cooks. Cities need to ha

58、ve an effective mechanism to coordinate and govern the approach to and contents of digital twin implementation.盡管數字孿生的應用前景廣闊，但是公共和私 人機構在制定和執(zhí)行該策略時亦可能遇到一系 列挑戰(zhàn)。一些常見的挑戰(zhàn)包括：愿景建立清晰的愿景和關鍵績效指標 數字孿 生的實施可能會動用大量資源，並牽涉不同 領域的持份者。建立對此類實施愿景的共 識，并制定一套績效指標，對于成功實施數 字 孿生至關重要。實施協(xié)調 愿景只是起點，而交付才是困 難的部分。目前，各國政府面臨的挑戰(zhàn)包括 過多的選擇

59、和過多的聲音。因此，城市需要 有一個有效的機制來協(xié)調和管理數字孿生實 施的方法和內容。數字孿生是智慧城市發(fā)展的基礎，但亦不可避免地Digital twins underpinSmart City development,but inevitably come withchallenges面臨挑戰(zhàn)Digital Twins in Smart City12智慧城市中的數字孿生DataQuality and sufficiency of data Historic data may be duplicative or lack the level of detail and accuracy nee

60、ded for use with the desired Digital Twin Model and technological solutions such as AI.Willingness to share data Stakeholders may be reluctant to share data with other parties, especially sensitive or personal data. A robust accountability framework (discussed below) would be required to encourage s