高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)特殊句式講義

1、2017高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)特殊句式考點(diǎn)縱橫高考將注重考查特殊句式和其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)之間的交叉現(xiàn)象，加大了綜合考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的力度，在考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的同時(shí)考查定語(yǔ)從句，把省略句以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的考查融合到了一起。反意疑問(wèn)句和賓語(yǔ)從句干擾結(jié)合，強(qiáng)調(diào)了學(xué)生綜合把握語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力。2016年全國(guó)卷2015年新課標(biāo)卷20152016年地方卷 全國(guó)卷(祈使句) 2016年江蘇(倒裝)2015年湖南(強(qiáng)調(diào)句;祈使句)2015年重慶(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)2015年湖南(倒裝)2015年湖北(倒裝)2015年天津(倒裝)考綱解讀根據(jù)考綱要求,考生應(yīng)掌握:1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)陳述句、一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、not.un

2、til.句型; 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、祈使句的混合考查;2.省略要注意主語(yǔ)的省略、謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分的省略、賓語(yǔ)的省略、不定式的省略、賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略,以及虛擬條件句中if的省略;3.倒裝句為部分倒裝和完全倒裝;4.反意疑問(wèn)句是由“陳述句+簡(jiǎn)略的一般問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成。簡(jiǎn)略的一般問(wèn)句通常只用兩個(gè)詞:一個(gè)是肯定或否定的be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞,另一個(gè)是人稱代詞。1.(2016天津)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _the coach picks up tourists.解析：本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“I

3、t is / was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分”。2.(2016江蘇)Not until recently_(do) they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.解析：考查部分倒裝。根據(jù)副詞recently可知事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?？碱}導(dǎo)引thatdid3(2015天津)Only when Lily walked into the office _(do) she realize that she had left the contract at home.解析：“

4、only+狀語(yǔ)從句”位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),主句要用部分倒裝。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when Lily walked into the office可知,要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。4(2016全國(guó))It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is,_(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.解析：此處是make sure放在句首,表示要求。did考題導(dǎo)引make知識(shí)梳理強(qiáng)調(diào)句1基本句型：It is

5、/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who其他。It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通過(guò)傾聽和相互理解，孩子和父母之間的問(wèn)題才可能被解決。(強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語(yǔ))2一般疑問(wèn)句形式：Is/Was it被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who其他？Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?是因?yàn)榻芸松险n遲到讓史密斯先生生氣的嗎？3特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：特

6、殊疑問(wèn)詞is/was itthat其他？When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么時(shí)候決定選修這門課程的？4含有not . until .的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was not until被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that .其他。It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.(2013天津高考單選)直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的計(jì)劃。名師指津：以上強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是對(duì)除謂語(yǔ)以外的成分的強(qiáng)調(diào)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，要在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加do/does/

7、did，這種強(qiáng)調(diào)只適用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句。The scientist did devote all his life to his research work.這位科學(xué)家真正地把他的一生獻(xiàn)給了研究工作。 倒裝句(一)部分倒裝部分倒裝是指把謂語(yǔ)的一部分(助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)置于主語(yǔ)之前。這類句型主要有以下幾種形式：1當(dāng)否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，常用部分倒裝。這類詞或短語(yǔ)有：little, few, never, seldom, rarely, by no means, not only, not until, at no time, under/in no c

8、ircumstances, in no case, in no way, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等。2當(dāng)only修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)。Only when he returned from work did we know the truth.只有當(dāng)他下班回來(lái)后，我們才知道真相。3so/neither/nor置于句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)“sobe/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”表示前面所說(shuō)的肯定情況也適合于另一人或物，意為“也是如此”。Ive got an enormous amount of work to do.So have I.我有大量的

9、工作要做。我也如此。(2)“neither/norbe/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用于另一人或物，意為“也不這樣”。Liu Jia cant answer the question.Neither/Nor can Peter.劉佳回答不上來(lái)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。彼得也回答不上來(lái)。4在so/such . that .結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)“so形容詞/副詞”或“such名詞”位于句首時(shí)，主句使用部分倒裝。So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.他患病太突然，全家人全然不知所措。5在a

10、s/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句的表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞位于句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝。如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前不加冠詞。Hard as they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind.盡管他們盡力了，但他們還是沒(méi)能讓她改變主意。 6. 在含有had/were/should的虛擬條件句中，可省略if，將had/were/should放在主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。Had Mark invited me, I would have been glad to come. 要是馬克邀請(qǐng)了我的話，我會(huì)很愿意來(lái)的。(二)完全倒裝完全倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

11、詞完全提到主語(yǔ)之前。這類句型主要有以下幾種形式：1表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，句子需用完全倒裝。此時(shí)，句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。The moment the bell rang, out rushed the children.鈴一響，孩子們就沖了出去。2當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，為了避免頭重腳輕，句子需進(jìn)行完全倒裝。Just in front of the bus lies an injured man,

12、all covered with blood.公共汽車的前面躺著一個(gè)受傷的人，渾身是血。3有時(shí)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或突出、強(qiáng)調(diào)，將作表語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首，構(gòu)成“表語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.出席晚會(huì)的有格林先生，還有許多別的賓客。省略（一）狀語(yǔ)從句的省略在時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，可以用省略結(jié)構(gòu)。省略必須具備兩個(gè)條件：1從句的主語(yǔ)是it或主從句的主語(yǔ)一致；2從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有be動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)可以省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。Film has a much s

13、horter history, especially, when (it is) compared to such art forms as music and painting.電影的歷史短得多，尤其是與音樂(lè)、繪畫這些藝術(shù)形式相比。Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not turn to him.除非有必要，你最好不要向他請(qǐng)求幫助。（二）不定式的省略 在一定的上下文中，為了避免重復(fù)，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))，只保留不定式符號(hào) to。否定形式的省略用 not to。但如果省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有 be, have, have bee

14、n,通常保留這些詞。 I asked him to go with me, but he didnt want to (go with me). 我叫他和我一起去，但他不想（和我一起去）。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to. 這個(gè)司機(jī)想把車停靠在路邊，但 警察不讓他那樣做。課標(biāo)全國(guó) 2013省略不定式符號(hào)to的幾種情況 (1)感官動(dòng)詞(see, look at, notice, watch, observe, listen to, hear, feel等）

15、和使役動(dòng)詞（make, have, let等)后帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)要省 略to；但當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式要加上to。 He often makes his sister do the housework for him. =His sister is often made to do the housework for him. 他經(jīng)常讓他妹妹替他做家務(wù)。(2)but（“除之外”）或except后跟不定式時(shí)，如果but或except前 有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，其后的不定式要省略to；但but或except 前沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，后接的不定式不省略to。 They

16、did nothing but watch TV last night. 他們昨晚除了看電視什么都沒(méi)做。 If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge. 如果他接受了這份工作，除了迎接更大的挑戰(zhàn)之 外他別無(wú)選擇。陜西（二）用so和not代替句子內(nèi)容的省略結(jié)構(gòu) 為了避免重復(fù)前面所說(shuō)的話，常用so或not代替名詞性從句，此時(shí)不用it或that代替。這種省略常發(fā)生在think, believe, expect, suppose, guess, imagine, hope,

17、be afraid等動(dòng)詞之后。 Do you think our team will win the basketball match? Yes, I think so./No, I am afraid not. 你認(rèn)為我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)籃球賽嗎？ 是的，我認(rèn)為會(huì)贏。/不，恐怕不會(huì)?！咎貏e注意】在if條件句中，也可以用 so 或 not 代替上文提到的內(nèi)容。if so意為“如果那樣的話”；if not意為“如果不的話”。感嘆句感嘆句常用來(lái)表示驚嘆、贊美、喜悅等語(yǔ)氣。1what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句Whata/anadj.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！Whatadj. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！What a

18、 strange plant! Ive never seen it before.這種植物真奇怪！我以前從未見過(guò)。What lovely children they are!他們是多么可愛的孩子??！2how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句Howadj.a/an可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！Howadj./adv.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！How主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！How interesting a story it is!What an interesting story it is!這是多么有趣的一個(gè)故事啊！How time flies!時(shí)間過(guò)得真快啊！反意疑問(wèn)句1陳述部分含有賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句一般情況下，其疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)和主句保持一致。但如果主

19、句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess或be sure等，且主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，其疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, didnt I?我告訴他們并非每個(gè)人都能像你一樣跑得那么快，是不是？I dont think the football team is likely to win, is it?我認(rèn)為那支足球隊(duì)不會(huì)獲勝，是嗎？2祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句祈使句后的反意疑問(wèn)句不表示反問(wèn)，而表示一種語(yǔ)氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)

20、為：肯定祈使句，will/wont you？否定祈使句，will you？Let us .，will you？Lets .，shall we？Close the window, will/wont you?關(guān)上窗戶，好嗎？Lets go to the bookstore, shall we?我們?nèi)?，好嗎？There be句型 there be 句式中的be可以有不同的時(shí)態(tài)，可以和助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。There have been many great changes in our country since then. 自從那時(shí)起我國(guó)就發(fā)生了很多巨變。There must be a mi

21、stake somewhere. 某個(gè)地方一定存在錯(cuò)誤。 there be句式中的be有時(shí)可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, be expected to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist等替換。There seems to be an announcement about the project. 關(guān)于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目似乎有一個(gè)通知。There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有一個(gè)人路過(guò)。 如果主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞或代詞構(gòu)

22、成，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)和離它最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。There is a knife and two pens in his pocket. 他的口袋里有一把小刀和兩支鋼筆。There are two pens and a knife in his pocket. 他的口袋里有兩支鋼筆和一把小刀。there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致考點(diǎn)1強(qiáng)調(diào)句1.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.(2016天津，13)A.who B.which C.where D.that解析考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的

23、判定。句意為：你等錯(cuò)地方了。長(zhǎng)途公共汽車是在旅館接的游客。從理解思路上先看本句是不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who剩余部分。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷方法是將It is/was與that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，結(jié)構(gòu)依然完整。經(jīng)判斷，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明確，故本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。因強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容是地點(diǎn)，故空格處應(yīng)填that?？键c(diǎn)突破2.Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was

24、 fully recognized.(2015重慶，9)A.while B.thoughC.that D.after解析考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為：巴赫于1750年去世，但是他的音樂(lè)才能一直到19世紀(jì)早期才完全被認(rèn)可。本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that其他部分，本句被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是not until the early 19th century，故選C。3.It was when we were returning home _I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.

25、(2015湖南，21)A.which B.thatC.where D.how解析考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為：正是在我們快要回到家的時(shí)候，我才意識(shí)到幫助有困難的人感覺多么美妙！強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that其他部分。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)人，that還可以改為who，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間或者地點(diǎn)時(shí)只能使用that。4.Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr.Smith got angry？(2014四川，3)A.WhyB.whoC.where D.that解析考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句。所強(qiáng)調(diào)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句because Jack came lat

26、e for school，故選that。句意為：是不是因?yàn)镴ack上學(xué)遲到史密斯先生才生氣的？考點(diǎn)歸納強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的6個(gè)考查重點(diǎn)：1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問(wèn)句在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，無(wú)論被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是什么句子成分，變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句時(shí)，都須將主句改為疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序，即將“It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who其他成分”改為“Is/Was it被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who其他成分？”或“疑問(wèn)詞is/wasitthat其他成分？”結(jié)構(gòu)。Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?是不是她考試不及格使她的父母不高興？When was it that she ch

27、anged her mind?她什么時(shí)候改變主意的？2.在對(duì)not.until結(jié)構(gòu)中的until時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要將句中的not移至until之前，構(gòu)成It is/was not until.that.結(jié)構(gòu)。注意that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要變成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a fa

28、mous film star.直到她摘下她的深色眼鏡我才意識(shí)到她是個(gè)著名影星。3.如果由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序，不可用疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序。He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.他問(wèn)我是誰(shuí)錯(cuò)拿了他的傘。4.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)與定語(yǔ)從句的混合使用。在高考試題中，為了增加試題的難度，命題人常將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語(yǔ)從句混合起來(lái)，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜。我們要注意從語(yǔ)法角度來(lái)分析句子，理清結(jié)構(gòu)。It was here that he fell off his bicycle.這里正是他從自行車上摔下來(lái)的地方。5.

29、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析。當(dāng)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，去掉“it is/was”和連詞“that”原句仍然完整。而在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，若去掉“it is/was”和連詞“when/before”，原句則不完整。It was at 14：28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)是在14點(diǎn)28分嚴(yán)重的地震爆發(fā)了。It was 14：28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)當(dāng)嚴(yán)重的地震爆發(fā)時(shí)是14點(diǎn)28分。6.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的反意疑問(wèn)句式。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)及助動(dòng)詞必須與主

30、句It is/was.保持一致。It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isnt it?是Mary而不是你想問(wèn)我那件事，是嗎？考點(diǎn)2倒裝句1.Not until recently _ the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas.(2016江蘇，34)A.they had encouraged B.had they encouragedC.did they encourage D.they encouraged解析考查倒裝句。句意為：直

31、到最近他們才鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)展與旅游相關(guān)的活動(dòng)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)recently可知本句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?！癗ot until狀語(yǔ)”位于句首，句子采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序，因此選C。2.Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home.(2015天津，3)A.she realized B.has she realized C.she has realized D.did she realize解析考查倒裝及時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：直到莉莉走進(jìn)辦公室時(shí)，她才意識(shí)到她把合同忘在家里了。“only狀語(yǔ)從句”位于句首表示

32、強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when Lily walked into the office可知要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故答案為D。3._ no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(2014福建，32)A.Were there B.Had there beenC.If there are D.If there have been解析考查if虛擬條件句中的倒裝。根據(jù)主句中would have to以及句意可知，本句是一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)

33、氣，從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。當(dāng)虛擬條件句中有had，should，were時(shí)，可以將if去掉，然后把had，should，were提到主語(yǔ)前面。1.部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的高考熱點(diǎn)：(1)否定詞位于句首的倒裝。表示否定的副詞never，nor，neither，表示半否定意義的副詞hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的詞組by no means(決不)，at no time(在任何時(shí)候都不)，not until，not only，no sooner。Never have I seen such a good performance.我從來(lái)都沒(méi)見過(guò)這么好的表演?？键c(diǎn)歸納Not on

34、ly was Einstein a world-famous scientist，but he also was a fairly good violinist.愛因斯坦不僅是世界聞名的科學(xué)家，而且還是一個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的小提琴家。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我參加了工作我才意識(shí)到我浪費(fèi)了多少時(shí)間。(2)“only狀語(yǔ)”置于句首的倒裝?！皁nly狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)句子要用部分倒裝。(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，句子不倒裝)Only then did I know the truth.直到那時(shí)我才知道真相。

35、Only in this way can you work out this question.只有用這種方法你才能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Only after his mother came back was he able to go to school.只有他母親回來(lái)后，他才能夠去上學(xué)。(3)so，neither，nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝。用“so助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”表示前面敘述的情況也適合于另一個(gè)人或物，意為“也，同樣，也如此”。表示前面敘述的否定情況也適合于另一個(gè)人或物，用“neither/nor助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”。Society has changed and so have

36、the people in it.社會(huì)變了，人也變了。注意：當(dāng)so表示對(duì)前句內(nèi)容的肯定、附和，或進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)前面所說(shuō)的情況，或者贊同前面的說(shuō)法時(shí)，應(yīng)用自然語(yǔ)序。意為 “的確，正是”。Tom works hard.So he does and so do you.湯姆工作很賣力。的確如此，你也是。倒裝部分的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和形式要與前句相一致。If you dont go，neither/nor shall I.(If you dont go，I shall not go.)你不去，我也不去。表示前面的多種情況也適合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情況或涉及到不同類型的動(dòng)詞時(shí)可用

37、：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。She does well in English，but is poor in maths.So it is with Lucy.她英語(yǔ)學(xué)得好，但數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)得差，露茜也是如此。(4)as，though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的倒裝。句式為：表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞原形as/though主語(yǔ)其他。表語(yǔ)前的名詞無(wú)形容詞修飾時(shí)冠詞要省略。Clever as he is，he doesnt study well.雖然他很聰明，但他學(xué)習(xí)不好。Child as he is, he knows a lot.雖然他是

38、個(gè)孩子，但他懂得不少事情。Much as I like it，I wont buy it.雖然我非常喜歡它，但我不買。Try as she might，she failed.雖然她試過(guò)了，但還是失敗了。(5)so/such.that 句型中的so/such位于句首時(shí)，so/such后的句子倒裝。So frightened was she that she did not dare to move an inch.她如此害怕，以至于一寸也不敢動(dòng)。Such an interesting story is this that I decide to buy it.(that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，不作成分

39、)Such an interesting story is this as I decide to buy.(as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且作buy的賓語(yǔ))這是如此好的小說(shuō)以至于我決定買下來(lái)。(6)如果虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)含有were，should，had，可以把if省略而將這三個(gè)詞放于條件句主語(yǔ)前構(gòu)成倒裝。If you had asked me，I would have told you everything.Had you asked me，I would have told you everything.假如你問(wèn)過(guò)我，我就會(huì)把一切都告訴你了。(7)某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒裝語(yǔ)序。May you suc

40、ceed.祝你成功！Long live the Communist Party of China!中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨萬(wàn)歲！2.全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的高考熱點(diǎn)：(1)以here，there，out，in，up，down，away等副詞開頭，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為be，come，go等。There flows a fiver at the foot of the mountain.山腳下有條河。(2)以then，now，thus開頭，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為come，follow，begin，end，be并且主語(yǔ)又是名詞/名詞詞組。(若主語(yǔ)是代詞，則不能倒裝)Now comes your turn!該你了！(3)當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)類介詞短語(yǔ)位于句

41、首且后有不及物動(dòng)詞be，come，sit，live，stand，lie，exist等時(shí)。On the ground lay an old man，who was dying.地上躺著一位老人，奄奄一息。(4)such作表語(yǔ)，置于句首，表示“這樣的人/事物；上述的人/事物”。be動(dòng)詞須與后面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Such is their decision.他們的決定就是這樣?？键c(diǎn)3祈使句1.Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(2015湖南，31)A.to keep B.to hav

42、e keptC.keep D.have kept解析考查祈使句。句意為：一直要記?。耗愕闹饕蝿?wù)是使這家公司運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)順利。祈使句一般以動(dòng)詞原形開頭，故用keep。keep in mind記住，是固定搭配。2._ me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.(2014大綱全國(guó)，33)A.Calling B.CallC.To call D.Having called解析考查祈使句。句意為：明天給我打電話，我會(huì)讓你知道實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是“祈使句and陳述句”這一固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)，故B項(xiàng)正確。1.祈使句的否定式在動(dòng)詞前加dont。祈使句帶主

43、語(yǔ)時(shí)，其否定式把dont放在主語(yǔ)前。Dont you speak so loud.你不要那么大聲說(shuō)話。2.注意句型：祈使句and/or/otherwise一般將來(lái)時(shí)的陳述句。Close the door of fear behind you，and you will see the door of faith open before you.關(guān)閉你身后的恐懼之門，你就會(huì)看到信念之門在你的面前打開。考點(diǎn)歸納3.上面句型中的祈使句也可用名詞短語(yǔ)的形式。One more step and youll succeed.再走一步，你就會(huì)成功?？键c(diǎn)4省略1.If _ for the job，youll b

44、e informed soon.(2015北京，31)A.to accept B.acceptC.accepting D.accepted解析考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。句意為：如果你被錄用做這份工作的話，你將會(huì)很快得到通知。本題中if之后省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，補(bǔ)充完整為：If you are accepted for the job，所以選D。2.The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，_，reaching 30 in summer.(2014福建，28)A.if not B.if everC.if any D.if so解

45、析考查省略句。句意為：這里的氣候相當(dāng)宜人，如果曾經(jīng)有的話，夏天也很少達(dá)到30。if ever為省略句，補(bǔ)全完整為：if the climate here has ever reached 30 in summer。1.狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略由when，while，if，as if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果其謂語(yǔ)為be，而主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，則從句的主語(yǔ)和be可省略；如果從句的主語(yǔ)為it時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)為be，也可省略從句中的it和be。When (I am) in trouble，I always tur

46、n to my classmates for help.遇到麻煩時(shí)，我總是找同學(xué)幫忙。If (it is) possible，this machine can be fixed at once.可能的話，這臺(tái)機(jī)器會(huì)立即被修好?？键c(diǎn)歸納2.不定式的省略單獨(dú)使用不定式符號(hào)to代替不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等詞后；或放在表情緒的詞后，代替被省略的動(dòng)詞，常見詞有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，hav

47、e been，則要保留be，have，have been。I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.我請(qǐng)他去看電影，但是他不想去。Are you a sailor?No.But I used to be.你是海員嗎？不是，但我曾經(jīng)是。3.常考的幾個(gè)省略形式if ever，if any，if not better/worse/taller.than等。4.并列句中的省略并列句中的兩個(gè)對(duì)等句里的動(dòng)詞相同時(shí)，后者的動(dòng)詞可以省略。He is going to Hong Kong，but his brother (is going) to Amer

48、ica.他要去香港，但是他的弟弟要去美國(guó)。My room is on the third floor and his，on the fifth.我的房間在三樓，他的在五樓?？键c(diǎn)5主謂一致和反意疑問(wèn)句1.It is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years to achieve.(2015湖南，27)A.is；takes B.are；takes C.are；take D.is；take解析考查主謂一致。句意為：重要的是要記住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力

49、的總和，它常常需要很多年的時(shí)間才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，兩個(gè)空格是由and連接的并列謂語(yǔ)；此處success是不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選A項(xiàng)。2.I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，_ you？(2014重慶，10)A.mustnt B.havent C.didnt D.hadnt解析考查反意疑問(wèn)句。答句句意為：那你逗留倫敦期間肯定去看過(guò)大英博物館，對(duì)嗎？must have done在句中表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推測(cè)

50、，當(dāng)句末有反意疑問(wèn)的語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，可分為兩種情況：(1)句中沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為“havent/hasnt.？”；(2)句中有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為“didnt.？”。題中l(wèi)ast summer表示的是一個(gè)確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間，故C項(xiàng)正確。1.?？嫉闹髦^一致的幾種情況：(1)主語(yǔ)后面有as well as，with，along with，together with，including，but，except，in addition to，rather than，like，instead of，plus，as much as，more than等連詞或介詞連接的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單

51、復(fù)數(shù)與前面主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)相一致?？键c(diǎn)歸納Generally，students inner motivation with high expectations from others is essential to their development.(2013江蘇，21)一般來(lái)說(shuō)，別人對(duì)其期望值高的學(xué)生，他們的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)他們自身的發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的。The father，rather than the brothers，is responsible for the loss.損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由父親而不是兄弟們來(lái)承擔(dān)。(2)由or，nor，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only

52、.but (also).等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，通常根據(jù)就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與它鄰近的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。 One or two friends are coming this evening.今天晚上有一兩個(gè)朋友要來(lái)。 Neither I nor he is in favor of her marriage.我和他都不贊成她的婚姻。 (3)“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，后跟定語(yǔ)從句，如果one前有the，the very，the only等詞限制修飾時(shí)，先行詞為one；否則，先行詞為后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts w

53、ho are working in China.赫賓先生是在中國(guó)工作的外國(guó)專家之一。Mr. Smith is the only one of those foreigners who is working in China.史密斯先生是這些外國(guó)人之中唯一一位在中國(guó)工作的人。(4)被every，each，many a，more than one，no等修飾的單數(shù)名詞由and連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。 Each boy and (each) girl has got a gift.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都得到了一個(gè)禮物。 Many a teacher and (many a) student ha

54、s seen the film.許多老師和學(xué)生看過(guò)這部電影。 (5)a large quantity of和large quantities of表示“許多，大量”，既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a large amount of和large amounts of表示“許多，大量”，只修飾不可數(shù)名詞。以上四個(gè)短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于quantity/amount的單復(fù)數(shù)。Quantities of food/nuts were on the table.桌上有不少食物/堅(jiān)果。A large amount of water has been polluted.Large amounts of water have been polluted.大量水已被污染了。(6)當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)名詞，其后的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞時(shí)，是指同一個(gè)人或同一件事，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式；若and后面的名詞有冠詞時(shí)，則指不同的人或事，謂語(yǔ)就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The bread and butter is served for breakfast.早飯供應(yīng)黃油面包。The bread