大學(xué)英語四六級翻譯語法精要：虛擬語氣

1、大學(xué)英語四六級翻譯語法精要：虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣that從居中:wish, would rather (sooner), had better:I wish I were as strong as you.I wish I had paid more attention to our pronunciation.I wish I remembered the address.I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too).I had rather (that) you told him than I did.suggest,

2、order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句:The commander ordered that all civilians (should) be evacuated.He asked that he be given an opportunity to try.She urged that he write and accept the post.it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was propos

3、ed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中.It was arranged that they leave the following weekIt will be better that we meet some other time.suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等后面的表語從句和同位語從句:His sole requirement is (was) that thy system be adjust

4、ed.在某些句型中it is time thatIt is time that we went (或should go) to bed.It is high time we (should) put an end to this controversy.as if (though) 引起的從句:They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years.It seems as if it was (were) spring today.He acts (acted) as if (though) he were (was) a

5、n expert.以lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的從句(這時(shí)謂語多用 should +動(dòng)詞原形):He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.He put his coat over the child for fear that (或lest) he should catch cold.Ill keep a seat for you in case you should need it.以whatever, whoever, no matter what這類代詞或詞組引起的從句(這時(shí), 謂語多用may

6、加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成):Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.Come what may, we will go ahead.不管發(fā)生什么情況, 我們都要干下去.I accept that he is old and frail; be that as it may, hes still a good politician.我承認(rèn)他年老體衰, 然而盡管如此, 它仍是優(yōu)秀的政治家.條件句虛擬條件句主要有下面兩類:表示現(xiàn)在及將來情況(表示純?nèi)患僭O(shè)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性不大的情況):謂語主要形式如下(be多用were這個(gè)形式):從句主句過去式would

7、 + 動(dòng)詞原形If I were you, I wouldnt lose heart.How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.表示過去情況的虛擬條件句(與事實(shí)完全相反的假設(shè)情況), 謂語主要形式如下:從句主句had + 過去分詞would have + 過去分詞She would have come if we had invited her.If I hadnt taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake,You wouldnt have caught cold if y

8、ou had put on more clothes.有時(shí)候, 條件從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作, 發(fā)生的時(shí)間是不一致的(如一個(gè)是過去發(fā)生的, 一個(gè)是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的). 這時(shí), 動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整. 這種句子可以稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句.If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.If we hadnt got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示, 而是通過一個(gè)介詞短語

9、來表示.Without music, the world would be a dull place.We could have done better under more favorable conditions.That would have been considered miraculous in the past.But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.如果條件句從句中包含有 were, had, should 或could, 有時(shí)可把if省略掉, 并把were, had, should或could放在主語前面.Had we made adequate prepa