動(dòng)詞的“三單”,ing,和過去式變化規(guī)則

1、動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)的單數(shù)及發(fā)音規(guī)則：一般直接在此為加-s,-s在清輔音后讀/s/,在濁輔音或元音后讀/z/,ds讀/dz/,ts讀/ts如helphelps/s/knowknows/z/getgets/s/readreads/z/以字母s,x,ch,sh或有些以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-es,-es讀/iz/,如guessguessesfixfixesteachteacheswashwashes注意：gogoes/z/dodoes/z/輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i,再加-es,-ies讀/iz/carrycarriesflyflies注意：在play-plays,say-says中，字母y前為元音

2、字母，第三人稱單數(shù)形式直接在動(dòng)詞后加-s特俗詞例外be動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)分別為am,is,are,have則為has注意：以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾的開音節(jié)詞，如果尾音是/s/,/z/,加-s后，字母,”e”發(fā)音，與所加-s起讀作/iz/,如closecloses/iz/動(dòng)詞的ing變化規(guī)則：一般情況直接力口ing,如looklookinggo-goingvisit-visiting以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，去e再力口ing,如come-comingmake-makingwrite-writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，雙寫該輔音字母，再加ing,如run-runningstop-sto

3、ppingget-gettingswim-swimmingbegin-beginning以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，直接加ing,如study-studyingcarry-carryingfly-flyingcry-crying以ie結(jié)尾的重度開音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，先變ie為y,再加ing,如die-dyingtie-tyinglie-lying動(dòng)詞的過去式變化規(guī)則：1.規(guī)則變化一般直接在動(dòng)詞后加ed,-ed在清輔音后讀/t/,在濁輔音及元音后讀/d,/-ed在/t/d/后讀/id/,如call-calledopen-openedlook-lookedwant-wanted/id/need-needed/id

4、/以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的，直接加-d,如live-livedmove-movedhope-hoped以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i,再加-ed,(注意：如果是元音字母加y結(jié)尾的，還是直接加-ed,如，play-played,enjoy-enjoyed)如study-studiedcry-criedtry-tried以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed,如plan-plannedfit-fittedstop-stopped2.不規(guī)則變化(要特俗記憶)，以下是一些常見的動(dòng)詞的過去式am,is-wasgo-wentmake-madespeak-spokeare-

5、were,come-cameread-readsweep-sweptdo-did,have/has-hadwrite-wroteswim-swamsee-saw,eat-ate,draw-drewsit-satsay-said,take-tookdrink-drankhear-heardgive-gave,run-ranfly-flewsleep-sleptget-got,put-putride-rodelet-letblow-blewhurt-hurtcatch-caughtknow-knewteach-taughtdrink-drankfeel-feltdrive-droveforget-

6、forgotring-rangspeak-spokestand-stoodmake-mademeet-metsee-sawbuy-boughtkeep-keptswim-swameat-atechoose-choselie-layleave-leftdraw-drewtell-toldthink-thoughtmean-meantwrite-wrotefind-foundfly-flewride-rodegrow-grewsing-sang/sungbegin-beganlearn-learned/learnt可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則：1.規(guī)則變化：一般情況下，在詞尾加-s,如book-books

7、boy-boys以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es,如bus-buseswatch-watches以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i,再加-es,如city-citiesfamily-families以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的分兩類，一類直接加-s,另一類大多數(shù)情況下，將-f或-fe改為v,再力口-es,如，roof-roofsbelief-beliefsleaf-leaveslife-livesknife-knives2.不規(guī)則變化1)元音字母發(fā)生變化man-mentooth-teethgoose-geese2)詞尾變化child-childrenmouse-mice3)單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheep-sheepdeer-deerfish-fish另附清輔音與濁輔音：trhdrr清輔音：ptkfsJts濁輔音：bdgvz53dzd3音節(jié)分為開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié),開音節(jié)又分為相對開音節(jié)和絕對開音節(jié)相對開音節(jié)：“以一個(gè)元音字母+個(gè)輔音字母(r除外)+不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的叫相對開音節(jié)。這里元音字母發(fā)自己