煤與瓦斯突出防治工作的實(shí)踐

1、Coal Outbursts and Outburst Control in Chinese Coal Mines: PCG Experience中國(guó)平煤神馬集團(tuán)煤與瓦斯突出防治工作的實(shí)踐Outline平頂山礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出情況Coal Outbursts in PCG平頂山礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警 Outburst Monitoring平頂山礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出防治Outburst Control Coal Outbursts in PCG一、平頂山礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出情況China is the worlds most serious national gas disaster中國(guó)是世界上瓦斯災(zāi)害

2、最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家。 國(guó)有重點(diǎn)煤礦48%以上是高瓦斯和瓦斯突出礦井。Heavy casualties, suffered serious losses傷亡重大、損失嚴(yán)重 建國(guó)以來(lái)共發(fā)生22起死亡百人以上煤礦事故，其中20起是瓦斯災(zāi)害事故，死亡3331人。 2011年，全國(guó)煤礦發(fā)生瓦斯事故119起、死亡533人。2011年全國(guó)煤礦10人以上事故統(tǒng)計(jì)中國(guó)煤與瓦斯突出概況Coal Outbursts in China 中國(guó)平煤神馬集團(tuán)目前共有23個(gè)原煤生產(chǎn)單位，36對(duì)礦井(不包括整合小煤礦)。其中突出礦井16對(duì)，煤與瓦斯突出礦井核定產(chǎn)能3662萬(wàn)噸/年，占全公司產(chǎn)能（5008萬(wàn)噸/年）的73.1%。 PC

3、G has 36 coal mines with overall annual coal production capacity 50 million tons. Out of our 36 coal mines, there are 16 coal outburst mines with coal production capacity 36.62 million tons / year,. 1、礦區(qū)基本情況Introduction 中國(guó)平煤神馬集團(tuán)所開(kāi)采的突出煤層普遍松軟、頂板堅(jiān)硬，煤層滲透率為0.00010.0061mD，屬難以抽采煤層。目前，主力生產(chǎn)礦井均已進(jìn)入深部開(kāi)采，最大開(kāi)采深度達(dá)

4、1100m以上，生產(chǎn)區(qū)域煤層最大瓦斯含量達(dá)30.0m3/t，最大瓦斯壓力達(dá)6.60 MPa，特別是禹州的突出礦井和平頂山礦區(qū)東部的八礦、十礦、十二礦、十三礦、平寶公司，瓦斯壓力與地應(yīng)力相互耦合，嚴(yán)重威脅著煤礦的安全生產(chǎn)。Permeability is low, between 0.0001-0.0061mD.Gas pressure is high with maximum pressure 6.6MPa. Gas content is high with maximum value 30m3/t. Coal outburst possibility is large. At the mome

5、nt, most mining operations are under 800m deep. Some of mines are operated with depth at 1100 m. 1、礦區(qū)基本情況Introduction礦別Mines突出次數(shù)Number of times突出煤量Amount of coal (t)突出瓦斯量Amount of gas(m3)平均突出煤量Average amount of coal (t)平均突出瓦斯量Average amount of gas (m3)占次數(shù)比例Proportion(%)一礦No.11242024200.64 二礦No.21392

6、9003929000.64 四礦No.4133001185723.08912.18.33 五礦No.51339022238301710.68.33 六礦No.6362175520.75851.92 八礦No.840395725160298.96290.125.64 十礦No.1050471416927594.32285.532.05 十二礦No.1227173712687464.34699.017.31 十三礦No.1341941345524485.3863812.56 首山一礦SY No.114030004030000.64 白廟礦BM151400514000.64 平禹四礦PY No.42

7、510241000025512050001.28 合計(jì)Total156182891346845117.28633.6/2、礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律Characteristic自1984年發(fā)生第一次煤與瓦斯突出以來(lái)，累計(jì)發(fā)生突出156次,平均煤量117.2t/次，平均瓦斯量8633.6m3/次。Since 1984, occurred the first coal and gas outburst. Accumulative coal and gas outburst 156 times. The average amount of coal 117.2t and gas 8633.6m3 .

8、礦井突出次數(shù)對(duì)比Number of outburst in different mines礦井突出煤量與突出瓦斯量對(duì)比Outburst amount of coal and gas in different mines突出類(lèi)型Outburst types突出與采掘工藝關(guān)系Outburst and mining technology突出與構(gòu)造關(guān)系Outburst and tectonic2、礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律Characteristic不同煤層煤與瓦斯突出強(qiáng)度不同。其中己組煤層突出次數(shù)最多、突出煤量和瓦斯涌出量最大，戊組次之，丁組最小。Different coal seams of va

9、rying intensity of coal and gas outburst. Which group B has most number of outburst, and the largest amount of coal and gas, followed by group C, group D Min.煤層Coal seam次數(shù)Number of times平均突出煤量Average amount of coal （t）最大突出煤量Largest amount of coal （t）平均突出瓦斯量Average amount of gas （m3）丁組D4012.748567.8戊

10、組C4147.75512860.3己組B74144.32555107102、礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律DCBOutburst Monitoring二、平頂山礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)采動(dòng)應(yīng)力外界擾動(dòng)系統(tǒng)失穩(wěn)能量釋放非穩(wěn)定瓦斯積聚裂縫形成沖擊傾向性開(kāi)采深度瓦斯構(gòu)造煤個(gè)性因素構(gòu)造結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力能量共性因素非穩(wěn)定區(qū)域穩(wěn)定區(qū)域All kinds of dynamic disasters have unified power source, the mechanical process that dynamic disasters occur from birth is very complex. On

11、ce we master the main factors and their mutual coupling relationship, it is possible to reveal the deep mine dynamic disasters mechanism.1、動(dòng)力災(zāi)害多因素耦合統(tǒng)一災(zāi)變機(jī)理Multi-factors Coupling Unified Disaster Mechanism of Dynamic Disasters礦井各類(lèi)動(dòng)力災(zāi)害都具有統(tǒng)一的動(dòng)力源，動(dòng)力災(zāi)害從孕育到發(fā)生的力學(xué)過(guò)程十分復(fù)雜，受到多種因素的影響，只要掌握了主要影響因素及其相互耦合關(guān)系，就有可能揭示深部

12、動(dòng)力災(zāi)害的災(zāi)變機(jī)理。在此基礎(chǔ)上我們提出了以平頂山東三礦為試驗(yàn)礦井構(gòu)建統(tǒng)一預(yù)測(cè)與防治技術(shù)體系的總體思路. On this basis, we propose east three mine for the trial to build an unified system of prediction and prevention technology.實(shí)施統(tǒng)一防治實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警實(shí)行統(tǒng)一預(yù)測(cè)建立統(tǒng)一理論試驗(yàn)礦井八礦十礦十二礦動(dòng)力災(zāi)害2、動(dòng)力災(zāi)害統(tǒng)一防治技術(shù)體系Dynamic disasters unified prevention technology system八礦戊9-10煤層動(dòng)力災(zāi)害分級(jí)預(yù)

13、測(cè)圖Dynamic disasters prediction map of C9-10 in Mine No.8等級(jí)：按作業(yè)規(guī)程進(jìn)行。等級(jí)：?jiǎn)我痪植拷馕?，加?qiáng)檢測(cè)。等級(jí)：局部解危，加強(qiáng)檢測(cè)。等級(jí)：綜合解危，加強(qiáng)檢測(cè)。等級(jí)：綜合解危，加強(qiáng)檢測(cè)，效果檢驗(yàn)。3、動(dòng)力災(zāi)害統(tǒng)一預(yù)測(cè)Dynamic disasters unified prediction如何實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)合動(dòng)力災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警？How to monitoring?應(yīng)力監(jiān)測(cè)Stress monitoring統(tǒng)一監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警unified monitoring基于統(tǒng)一機(jī)理Based on the unified theory電荷法The Electric C

14、harge Method鉆屑溫度法The Cuttings Temperature Method4、動(dòng)力災(zāi)害統(tǒng)一監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警 Dynamic disasters unified monitoring5、煤與瓦斯突出預(yù)測(cè)Outburst prediction區(qū)域突出危險(xiǎn)性預(yù)測(cè)、區(qū)域防突措施、區(qū)域措施效果檢驗(yàn)、區(qū)域驗(yàn)證Regional outburst prediction, regional outburst prevention measures, regional test the effectiveness of measures, regional verification工作面突出危險(xiǎn)性預(yù)

15、測(cè)、工作面防突措施、工作面措施效果檢驗(yàn)、安全防護(hù)措施Workface outburst prediction, workface outburst prevention measures, workface test the effectiveness of measures, security measures兩個(gè)“四位一體”綜合防突措施Two of four in one“ integrated outburst control measures瓦斯壓力P/MpaGas pressure瓦斯含量W/(m3/t)Gas content區(qū)域類(lèi)別Type of area0.748無(wú)突出危險(xiǎn)區(qū)No

16、 dangerous除上述情況以外的其他情況In addition to the case other than the above突出危險(xiǎn)區(qū)Dangerous根據(jù)煤層瓦斯壓力或瓦斯含量進(jìn)行區(qū)域預(yù)測(cè)的臨界值Critical value for regional forecast according to gas pressure or gas content5、煤與瓦斯突出預(yù)測(cè)Outburst prediction綜合指標(biāo)Composite indicatorD綜合指標(biāo)Composite indicatorK無(wú)煙煤Anthracite其他煤種Other coal types0.252015鉆孔

17、瓦斯涌出初速度q/(L/min)initial velocity of gas emission from drilling鉆屑量SDrill cuttingsKg/mL/m565.4復(fù)合指標(biāo)法預(yù)測(cè)煤巷掘進(jìn)工作面突出危險(xiǎn)性的參考臨界值Reference critical value of composite index method predicted outburst in coalroad driving face石門(mén)揭煤工作面突出危險(xiǎn)性預(yù)測(cè)綜合指標(biāo)D、K參考臨界值Composite indicator D, K reference critical value for outburst

18、prediction ofrock cross-cutting to uncover coal5、煤與瓦斯突出預(yù)測(cè)Outburst predictionOutburst Control三、平頂山礦區(qū)煤與瓦斯突出防治 具備保護(hù)層開(kāi)采條件的煤層首先開(kāi)采保護(hù)層，保護(hù)層開(kāi)采分為煤組間保護(hù)和煤組內(nèi)保護(hù)。The protective mining is divided into between and within coal group protection. 煤組間保護(hù)：一礦、四礦、六礦、十礦開(kāi)采戊組煤層保護(hù)丁組煤層，十礦三水平、首山一礦開(kāi)展己組煤層保護(hù)戊組煤層的試驗(yàn)研究。Mining Group C

19、protect Group D in mine No.1, No.4, No.6, No.10, Mining Group B protect Group C in mine No.10, SY No.1.（1）具備保護(hù)層開(kāi)采條件的煤層Coal seam with protection seam 煤組內(nèi)保護(hù)：十二礦三水平開(kāi)采己14煤層保護(hù)己15煤層；四礦、六礦三水平、八礦二水平、十礦開(kāi)采戊8煤層保護(hù)戊9-10煤層。Mining B14 protect B15 in mine No.12, Mining Group C8 protect Group C9-10 in mine No.4, No.

20、6, No.8, No.10.1、確定瓦斯區(qū)域防治技術(shù)路線Technical routes 不具備保護(hù)層開(kāi)采條件的突出煤層實(shí)行分級(jí)治理： Outburst coal seam without protection seam adopting a classification control 瓦斯壓力小于1.5MPa且瓦斯含量小于10m3/t的弱突出煤層，采用區(qū)段遞進(jìn)式預(yù)抽煤層瓦斯；Weak outburst coal seam with gas pressure less than 1.5MPa and gas content less than 10m3 / t, using progres

21、sive sections pre - drainage coal seam gas（2）不具備保護(hù)層開(kāi)采條件的煤層Coal seam without protection seam1、確定瓦斯區(qū)域防治技術(shù)路線Technical routes 瓦斯壓力達(dá)到1.5MPa或瓦斯含量達(dá)到10m3/t的區(qū)域，煤巷掘進(jìn)前，必須施工低（高）位預(yù)抽巷，預(yù)抽煤巷條帶煤層瓦斯；Coal seam with gas pressure to 1.5MPa or gas content to 10m3 / t, should construct low (high) pre - drainage lane befor

22、e excavating coal lane, striped pre - drainage coal seam gas;1、確定瓦斯區(qū)域防治技術(shù)路線Technical routes（2）不具備保護(hù)層開(kāi)采條件的煤層Coal seam without protection seam 瓦斯壓力達(dá)到2.0 MPa的區(qū)域，煤巷掘進(jìn)前，除施工低（高）位預(yù)抽巷外，應(yīng)采用水力沖孔、水力割縫、松動(dòng)爆破等卸壓增透措施，提高瓦斯防治效果。Coal seam with gas pressure to 2.0MPa, before excavating coal lane, besides construct low

23、 (high) pre - drainage lane, and Should adopt relief measures, such as hydraulic punching, hydraulic cutting seam, loose blasting, to improve the gas control effect.1、確定瓦斯區(qū)域防治技術(shù)路線Technical routes（2）不具備保護(hù)層開(kāi)采條件的煤層Coal seam without protection seam2、積極探索新技術(shù)和先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為瓦斯防治提供技術(shù)支撐 針對(duì)目前瓦斯防治方面存在的難題，結(jié)合國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究計(jì)劃（

24、973項(xiàng)目）以及“十二五”科技支撐計(jì)劃，重點(diǎn)圍繞極薄煤層保護(hù)層開(kāi)采、低透煤層增透、瓦斯抽采鉆孔封孔和聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究，有針對(duì)性的開(kāi)展了“深部煤炭開(kāi)發(fā)中煤與瓦斯共采理論”與“深部礦井煤與瓦斯突出防治關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及示范”研究與應(yīng)用，形成了一批有效的單一突出煤層瓦斯防治技術(shù)體系與配套裝備，進(jìn)一步提高了中國(guó)平煤神馬集團(tuán)瓦斯防治技術(shù)水平。For the current gas control problems, combined with the National Key Basic Research Program (973 Program) and the Twelfth Five Technology

25、 Support Program, focus on the thin protective coal seam mining, low permeability coal seam improve permeability, gas drainage drilling sealing and networking technology research, targeted launched the coal and gas extraction theory in the deep coal development and deep mine coal and gas outburst pr

26、evention key technologies and demonstration research and application, further improve China Pingmei Shenma Group gas control technology.普通鉆孔 水力沖孔 普通鉆孔 水力沖孔水力沖孔與普通穿層鉆孔相比，擾動(dòng)煤體體積提高69倍，影響煤體表面積提高56倍，普通抽放孔的最大起始流量為11L/min，而沖孔后的抽放孔最大起始流量為78 L/min，是普通抽放孔的7倍。Hydraulic punching compared with the ordinary cross

27、ing drilling, disturbance of coal volume increased by 6 to 9 times, the impact of coal surface area increased by 5 to 6 times, the maximum normal drainage drilling initial flow of 11L/min, but after punching the maximum initial flow of drainage drilling 78 L / min, its seven times the normal drainag

28、e drilling. 十二礦己15-17200低位巷穿層鉆孔low lane crossing-borehole in B15-17200 mine No.122.1 高壓水力沖孔技術(shù)High-pressure hydraulic punching 該技術(shù)利用高壓脈沖水射流振蕩特性、動(dòng)態(tài)沖擊特性及破碎煤巖特性，在高低位抽放巷、煤巷掘進(jìn)、石門(mén)揭煤等瓦斯預(yù)抽時(shí)對(duì)煤層進(jìn)行割縫，達(dá)到高效抽采的目的。The technology uses high-pressure water jet pulse oscillation characteristics, dynamic impact properti

29、es and characteristics of coal and rock crushing, Crosscut coal seam in the high or low gas drainage lane, achieve efficient drainage purposes.2.2 高壓脈沖水射流定向卸壓增透Pulsed water jet directed relief2.3 地面井組抽采瓦斯Ground gas drainage wells group 目前，集團(tuán)公司大力發(fā)展地面抽采井“一井三用”技術(shù)，即采前預(yù)抽、采動(dòng)抽采、采空區(qū)抽采，使突出煤層瓦斯含量和壓力分別降低到8m3/t

30、和0.74Mpa以下，實(shí)現(xiàn)安全回采。Currently, we develop ground extraction wells, “one well with three function technology. Gas extraction method from a single underground gas drainage, develop to ground wells, underground crossing drilling, and coal seam drilling, 3-D integrated gas extraction method. 試驗(yàn)井組位于首山一礦己15-17-12081工作面西部。Group of test wells located in west of working face B15-17-12081. 高聚能等離子脈沖技術(shù)又稱(chēng)電爆震技術(shù)。脈沖高電壓首先引起電極間隙的水擊穿，形成等離子體電弧通道。強(qiáng)大的放