將整體預防環(huán)境戰(zhàn)略持續(xù)應用與生產過程

1、將整體預防環(huán)境戰(zhàn)略持續(xù)應用與生產過程UNEP definition (1996) 將整體預防的環(huán)境戰(zhàn)略持續(xù)應用與、產品和服務中，以增加生態(tài)效益和減少人類及環(huán)境的風險；對，要求節(jié)約原材料和能源，淘汰有毒原材料，減降所有廢棄物的數(shù)量和毒性；對產品，要求減少從原材料提煉到產品最終處置的全生命周期的不利影響；對服務，要求將環(huán)境因素納入設計和所提高的服務中。What is Cleaner ProductionWhat is Cleaner Production 2不斷采取改進設計、使用清潔的能源和原料、采用先進的工藝技術與設備、改善管理、綜合利用等措施，從源頭削減污染，提高資源利用效率，減少或避免生產、

2、服務和產品使用過程中污染物的產生與排放，以減輕或消除對人類健康和環(huán)境的危害。Clean energyOver coal (p23)Renewable energy:water, biomass, wind, solarCleaner use of the existing energyClean materialNot use/reduce use of toxic/harmful/rare materialsReplace with non-toxic/harmful materialsMain Contents of CP 1Clean production processNontoxic

3、/harmful intermediates(中間產品)Reduce by-products(副產品)Reduce potential danger(高溫高壓易燃易爆強噪強振)Reuse/recycling materialsClean products (White pollution)Easy for recycling/reproduction（易回收、再生）Easy degradation/disposal（易分解、處置）No harm to human being or environmentNo excessive packing（合理包裝）Main Contents of CP

4、2Why CP for Enterprises?符合相關環(huán)保法規(guī)綠色消費、國際環(huán)保潮流提高競爭力及營銷能力（品牌認證）社區(qū)環(huán)保意識高漲Benefits for EnterprisesImprove production performanceLow risk of production實施清潔生產Implementation of Cleaner ProductionCP Auditing 清潔生產審計清潔生產審計是對企業(yè)現(xiàn)在的和計劃進行的工業(yè)生產進行預防污染的分析和評估，是企業(yè)實施清潔生產的前提和核心。清潔生產審計包括對企業(yè)生產全過程的重點或優(yōu)先環(huán)節(jié)、工序產生的污染進行定量監(jiān)測，找出高物耗、

5、高能耗、高污染的原因，然后提出對策、制定方案，減少或防止污染物的產生。Production Process (8 issues)(1) 原輔材料和能源 (2) 技術工藝 (3) 設備 (4) 過程控制 (5) 產品 (6) 管理 (7) 員工 (8) 廢物CP Auditing Procedures國家清潔生產中心開發(fā)了我國的清潔生產審計程序，包括7個階段、35個步驟:籌劃、組織 (Planning)預評估 (Pre-assessment)評估 (Assessment)方案產生與遴選 (Screening of Solutions)可行性分析 (Feasibility studies)方案實施

6、 (Implementation of solutions)持續(xù)清潔生產 (Continuous CP)1 確定備選審核對象(Candidate objects)35生產線、車間、工段、操作單元優(yōu)先考慮超標嚴重，污染物毒性大，生產效率低，能耗水耗大，公眾意見大，易見經濟、環(huán)境效益的部位2 確定審核對象(Audit object)加權排序法（p34 explain）得分高者為審核對象Identify Audit Objects & GoalsClear and quantified goals e.g.Reduce power use by 10%Meet the Class II standa

7、rd (wastewater)QA rate reach 90%Give the time to achieve the goal Consider factorsLaw & regulatory requirements (national & local)Total amount control requirementLong-term planningProcess technology and gapsSet up GoalsPut Forward CP SuggestionsCommon CP suggestions (p35-36)Raw materialsProductsCons

8、umption of materials and energyProcess and equipmentProduction ManagementSolutions ScreeningCategorize solutions：A: 無費、少費，可行B: 需要投資，基本可行C: 投資大、效益低，暫不可行Solution selection （B type）加權排序法Feasibility Study技術上可行先進、實用、可實施環(huán)境上可行符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展實施前后廢氣、廢水、廢渣、噪音、能耗差別經濟上可行經濟承受能力投資回收期、內部收益率需進行經濟分析Continuous Cleaner Produc

9、tion編寫前階段CP工作總結審計對象外推行CP審計重點繼續(xù)推行CP進行下一輪審計清潔生產審計小組制定持續(xù)CP計劃研發(fā)新的CP技術清潔生產的環(huán)境影響評價Cleaner Production and EIACP Analysis -Way of Thinking污染物在哪里產生？污染源清單為什么產生廢棄物？查找原因如何消除廢棄物？方案產生和實施Where?Why?How?CP Assessment ParametersSix types of parameters生產工藝與裝備要求資源能源利用指標產品指標污染物產生指標廢物回收利用指標環(huán)境管理要求Quantitative + Qualitativ

10、e indices CP Assessment MethodAssessment Method: Index assessment (指標評價法)Steps of CP assessmentCollect CP standards,if no, establish indices and assessment criteriaPredict the values of those indicesCompare the predicted values with the standard values (Class II, talk below)ConclusionsSuggestionsAss

11、essment Standard行業(yè)清潔生產標準（國家環(huán)保總局 2003.4）石油煉制業(yè) (HJ/T125-2003)煉焦行業(yè) (HJ/T126-2003)制革行業(yè)（豬輕革）(HJ/T127-2003)(目前37 個行業(yè)有清潔生產標準)CP Classes3 Classes divided by StandardClass I: Advanced, international一級： 國際CP先進水平Class II: Advanced, national二級： 國內CP先進水平Class III: Basic, national三級： 國內CP基本水平ConclusionsAll indice

12、s meet class I: very good and acceptableAll indices meet class II: good and acceptableAll indices meet class III: basic, need to modify design and improve, meet CP class II requirementsAll indices NOT meet class III: unacceptable from point of CPAssessment of the ClassPresentation of each individual

13、 studentSubmission of his/her slide layout in printTopics of Presentation旅游行業(yè)清潔生產分析水泥行業(yè)清潔生產分析清潔生產的理論與實踐-以造紙行業(yè)為例煉油行業(yè)清潔生產審核印染行業(yè)清潔生產實踐企業(yè)如何實施ISO14000ISO14000簡介RequirementEvery student is given 12-15 min. 10-12 min talk, 3-5 min questionsTwo teachers assess your presentationPrepare to answer at least 2 questionsAt least 10 slides with solid contentSubmit your layout in designated format prior to