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1、人教版新課標必修第二冊知識點總結Unit 1 Cultural heritage一、重點單詞以及其詞性轉換preserve-(n.) preservation 保存;維護;防腐-(adj.) preservative 保存的;有保存力的;防 腐的proposal(v.) propose 建議;提議;求婚establish-(n.) establishment 建立;成立investigate(n.)investigation 調查;研究;審查-(n.) investigator 調查者;研究者;審查者promote(n.) promotionhistoric (adj.歷史上著名(或重要)的)
2、一 history (n.歷史)conduct (n.行為;舉止;管理方法vt.組織;安排;帶著)一 conductor (n.(公車)售票員洌車員;(樂 隊)指揮)limit(adj.) limited 限制一有限的identify(n.) identity 一致;身份;特征一(adj.) identical 同一的;相同的create(adj.)creative(adv.) creatively(n.) creation 創(chuàng)造;倉作一(n.) creativity 創(chuàng)造力apply-(n.) application 申請;運用-applier 申請人;填充器balance-(adj.) b
3、alanced 平衡的-常用詞塊:balanced diet 平衡飲食likely-(反義詞)unlikely可能的一不可能的forgive-(n.) forgiveness 原諒prevent(n.)prevention 阻止lose-(n.) loss喪失;損失-(n.) loser失敗者;遺失著contribute-(n.) contribution 貢獻;捐獻;投稿-contributor 貢獻者;捐獻者;投稿者donate(n.) donation-捐款;捐贈appear-(opposite word) disappear-(n.) disappearance-(opposite w
4、ord) appearance,professional-(n.) profession 專業(yè)的-專業(yè)entrance (n.入口;進入)一 enter (vi.&vt.進入)tradition(adj.) traditional 傳統(tǒng)一傳統(tǒng)的comparison(v.) compare 比照一比擬fund基金;??頤nit 4 History and Traditions十三、重點單詞以及其詞性轉換individual(n.)individuality;個人特征;個人的嗜好puzzle (n.謎凝問vt.迷惑;使困惑)一 puzzling (adj.令人迷惑的)一puzzle/ adj.(人
5、感到)困 惑的)Philosophy 哲學一(adj.) philosophical / philosophic 哲學的-(n.) philosopher 哲學家defend (v.保護;保衛(wèi))-defence (n.防御;保衛(wèi))一defensive (adj.防御性的)fascinate-(adj.) fascinating迷人的;吸引人的一(adj.)fascinated著迷的;被深深吸引的surround (vt.圍繞;包圍)一surrounding (adj.周圍的;附近的)surroundings (n. (pl.)周圍的事 物;環(huán)境)evident (adj.明顯的)一eviden
6、ce (n.證據;證明)achieve (vt.取得;完成;到達)achievement (n.成就;成績;到達)locate(V.找出的位置)located (adj.位于;坐落在)一location (n.地方;地點;位置)announce-(n.) announcement 宣布; 通矢口; 聲稱-(n.) announcer 廣播員; 宣告者generous (adj.慷慨的;大方的)一generously (adv,慷慨地;大方地)-(n.) generosity 慷慨,大 方greet (vt.問候;迎接)一greeting (n.問候;招呼)poet-(n.) poem詩;詩歌(
7、可數)-(n.) poetry (總稱)詩歌(不可數)crowd (n.人群;民眾vt.擠滿;使擁擠)一crowded(adj.擁擠的;擠滿的)eager-(n.) eagerness急切的,迫切的急切,迫切individual單獨的;個別的currency通貨;貨幣military軍事的;軍用的approach方法;途徑;接近;靠近ensure保證;確保;擔保feast盛宴;宴會;節(jié)日striking引人注目的;顯著的transition 過渡;轉變十四、重點短語keep your eyes open (for)留心、; 留意jointo把和.連接/聯(lián)結起來break away (from
8、sb/sth)脫離;背叛;逃脫belong to 屬于as well as同(一樣也);和;還achieve ones dream/goal 實現夢想/目標be eager to do./ be eager for.渴望in defence (of)/in ones defence 保護;為了保衛(wèi);(為)辯護;defend.from/against.保護.免受;保衛(wèi)抵御be surrounded by/with被.包圍/于不繞charge sb. (money) for sth.因某事要某人收費free of charge/for free/for nothing 免費charge sb. w
9、ith (doing) sth./accuse sb. of (doing)sth.因某事控告/譴責某人take charge of/be in charge of 主管;掌管announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布a large/great/good/small amount of Un.大量的/少量的(謂語單數) (large/small) amounts of Un.大量的/少量的(謂語復數) the amount of Un.的總數(謂語單數)an approach to (doing) sth=a way to do sth/of doing sth.with the a
10、pproach of.=with.approach=as.approaches/approached 隨著的臨近be located at/in 位于be generous to sb對某人大方對某人很大方be crowded with 擠滿 了裝滿了十五、長難句分析The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.that引導的定語從句后天,dating現在分詞定語,
11、修飾history.They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.此句中,用known as過去分詞作定語,修飾前面的the same flag.十六、語法知識點過去分詞的用法過去分詞作定語:過去分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動關系,表示該 動作的被動或完成。You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.His firs
12、t book published last month is based on a true story.過去分詞作賓補:過去分詞作賓補的兩大特征:一是及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補與賓語 有動賓關系;二是不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補與賓語有主謂關系,多用來表示動作已完成。 可接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有:have, see, hear, find, leave, want, make等。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.I was surprised to find my hometown changed so mu
13、ch.過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語時,與句子主語之間是被動關系。Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.(被動關系)過去分詞作表語時,通常為分詞化的形容詞,通常修飾指人的名詞或代詞。excited/ disappointed/ embarrassed.Unit 5 Music十七、重點單詞以及其詞性轉換energy (n.能量;精力)energetic (adj.充滿活力的;精力充分的)perform-(n.) performer 表演者; 演員-(n.) performance 表演; 演技; 表現able-
14、(v.) enable 使能夠;使可能-(n.) ability-(反義詞)disability 殘疾original (n.原件adj.原來的;獨創(chuàng)的)originally( adv.原來;起初)origin (n.起源;源頭;身 世)phenomenon(pl.) phenomena 現象gradual (adj .逐漸的;漸進的)gradually (adv.逐漸地;逐步地)capable (adj.有能力的;有才能的)一capability (n.能力;才能)一incapable (adj.沒有能力的)relief (n.減輕或消除;(不快過后的)寬慰、輕松或解脫)relieve (v
15、t.使減輕;緩解)employ (vt.雇用;使用 n.雇用;職業(yè))一 employment(n.就業(yè);雇傭)一employer(n.雇主)一 employee(n.雇員)一employed(adj.被雇傭的)一(反義詞)unemployed(adj.失業(yè)的彳寺業(yè) 的)一 unemployments.失業(yè))aim-(adj.) aimless沒有目標的;無目的的-(adv.)aimlessly漫無目的地,無目標地person-(adj.) personal -(adv.) personally 個人-私人的-個人地,私自地assume (vt.假定;設想;認為)一assuming (conj.
16、假設)一assumption(n.設想;假定;擔任)add (v.增加)一addition (n.添力口;加法;增加物)一additional (adj.附加的;額外的)repeat-(n.) repetition-(adj.) repeated 反復的;屢次的(adj.) repetitive 重復的satisfy (v.使?jié)M意)-satisfaction (n.滿足;滿意;欣慰)一satisfled(adj.感到滿意的)satisfying (adj.令人滿意的)16. various (adj.各種各樣的)一variety(n.多樣化;種類)talent(n.天才;天賦=gift)一ta
17、lented (adj.有才能的;有才干的)composer作曲家;作曲者previous先前的;以往的reaction反響; 回應lean依靠;傾斜classical古典的;經典的opportunity 機會;時機stage開展或進展的)時期;階段;舞臺altogether用以強調)全部;總共thus如此;因此cure治愈;治好(疾?。?;解決(問題);藥物;治療十八、重點短語have an impact on/upon對有影響be equipped with配備有;裝有;裝備有-be capable of 能夠be satisfied with 對滿意a variety of各種各樣的hav
18、e the opportunity to do sth.有機會做某事in relief如釋重負to ones relief:令人感到欣慰的是set sth. up安裝好(設備或機器)get through (設法)處理;完成; 接通to ones satisfaction,讓某人感到滿意的是in reaction to sth.對的反響a cure for sth的治愈方法;解決的措施in addition (to sb/sth)除以外(還)from (then) on 從 (那)時起fall in love with 愛上 喜歡上be absorbed in被吸引住;專心致志try out參
19、加選拔(或試演)十九、長難句分析Imagine having the opportunity to sing together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone.劃線局部為doing動名詞作賓語,表主動At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. During those times, music can help you in the same way that it helped me.此句的劃線局
20、部是由that引導的定語從句,領先行詞是way(方式;方法)的時候,引導定語 從句的連接詞是that/in which/省略I dont like the way she dresses herself.Moved by this music, he said, It was like seeing color for the first此句劃線局部為過去分詞做狀語,表被動二十、語法知識點分詞的用法1,過去分詞做表語作表語的過去分詞主要來自及物動詞,在主-系-表句型中,總是在連系動詞之后,說明 主語所處的一種狀態(tài)。注意:少數不及物動詞(如go, come, set)的過去分詞也能作表語,但它們
21、不表示被動意義, 只是表示動作已完成The man seemed a little surprised when he heard the price.The glass was broken by Tom.2.過去分詞做作狀語過去分詞用作狀語,表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨等,多數情況下相當于一個 省略了連詞、主語和動詞be的狀語從句(例句1)。其邏輯主語一般和句子的主語一致,在 大多數情況下有被動的含義。它多放在句首,有時也可放在句后或句中。done發(fā)生為謂語動詞之前或者與謂語同時進行having been done發(fā)生為謂語動詞之后When told of the news, s
22、he got very excited.Having been fired by the company, he lost his direction for the future.issue重要議題;爭論的問題;宣布;公布document文件;公文(計算機)文檔download 下載parade游行;檢閱digital數碼的;數字顯示的contrast比照;對照process過程;進程;步驟二、重點短語give way to讓步;屈服make a proposal 提出建議keep balance 保持平衡turn to向求助prevent. from .,阻止; 不準attempt to
23、do企圖;試圖;嘗試all over the world 在世界各地be likely to do sth 可能做某事lead to 導致donate. to ,.向捐贈Its worthwhile doing /to do sth.值得做某事make sure確保;設法保證be proud of 以而自豪be familiar with 對熟悉limit.to.把限制在內三、長難句分析There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything f
24、rom our past as we move towards the future.新舊更替的時代已經到來,在走向未來的過程中,我們不可能將過去的一切都保存下來。此句中是由when引導定語從句,先行詞為a time,表時間后面的定語從句不缺主語賓語表 語,因此就是關系副詞when.如果先行詞表地點,后面定從缺狀語,就用關系副詞where,如 果先行詞表元音,后面定從缺狀語,就用關系副詞why.This is the reason why he overslept.There was once a factory where villagers made shoes .Not only hvd
25、 the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.此句中是由not only引導的局部倒裝。四、語法知識點倒裝(一)局部倒裝表否認或半否認意義的副詞或者介詞短語位于句首OMy+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句位于句首so/suchthat. .位于句首的倒裝;so +助動詞
26、/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語,表示肯定情況的延續(xù),即:第二句中的主語和第 一句的主語一樣都虛擬語氣中的倒裝句,If虛擬句中,含有had/were/should時,if可以省去,將 had/were/should 提至句首。Little did he say in the meeting.Hardly had he arrived at school when his friend called him back.So fast does the man run that we cant catch up him.Had I obeyed the traffic rules before, 1 wo
27、uldnt had been fined.He got the first prize, so did Lily.(二)全部倒裝 完全倒裝:整個謂語局部移至主語前面叫完全倒裝。條件:當表地點或方位等副詞/介詞短語置于句首的時候,為了起到強調的作用,主語和謂 語局部位置全部調換。注意:這類倒裝句式一般只用一般現在時和一般過去時,且動詞一般為不及物動詞。Here stands a tall pine tree.At the meeting place of Jianlingjiang River and Yangtze River lies Chongqing.Unit 2 Wildlife Pr
28、otection五、重點單詞以及其詞性轉換legal-(反義詞)iHegal-(adv.) illegally合法的-不合法的,違法的一違規(guī)地hunt(n.) hunter尋找,捕殺獵人immediate(adv.) immediately立亥Uextinct(n.) extinction 滅絕的-滅絕endanger-(adj.) endangered 使遭受危害一瀕臨滅絕的prince (n.) 一 princess (n.)王子; 親王公主observe(n.) observer 觀察者;觀測者-(n.) observation 觀察;監(jiān)視;aware (adj.) awareness
29、(n.)知道的;有意識的一意識threat-.) threaten 威脅;恐嚇;脅迫harmony(adj.) harmonious和諧的,和睦的;協(xié)調的;悅耳的remove(adj.) removable可移動的;可去掉的;可免職的adapt (v.適應) adaptation (n.適應)adaptable (adj.有適應能力的)exist(n.) existence存在-存在recover (v.) 一 recovery (n.)恢復reduce-(n.) reduction 減少;銳減concern(adj.) concerned 關心,擔憂一關心的,擔憂的press-(n.) pr
30、essure 按壓一壓力beauty (n.美麗;美貌)-beautiful (adj.美麗的)一beautify (v.美化;使美麗)intend (v.打算;計戈tl) -intended (adj.故意的;打算的)intention (n.意圖)effect-(v.) affect -(adj.) effective-(adv.) effectively 效果-影響一有效的一有效地emotion(adj.) emotional (adv.) emotionally 情緒一有情緒的,有情感的usual-(反義詞)unusual(adv.) usually/unusually尋常的,平常的一
31、不尋常的alarm (vt使驚恐;n.警報)一 alarming (adj.令人驚恐的)alarmed (adj.感到恐慌的)species 物種rate速度;(比)率;劃分等級habitat生活環(huán)境;棲息地authority官方;當權;權威profit利潤;利益attack攻擊;襲擊stir激發(fā);攪動六、重點短語remind sb. of sth 使某人想起remind sb to do sht.提醒某人做某事be concerned about對關心/牽掛/顧慮under pressure在壓力下;承受壓力stir up 激起on earth究竟;到底die out滅亡;漸漸消失be aw
32、are of意識到;知道on average 平均make progress 取得進步make out看清;聽清adapt (oneself) to.適應stand fbr代表, 表示on the plain 在平原上observe sb doing sth注意到某人正在做make profits/make a prog 謀利intend to do sth/doing sth 打算做.watch over保護;照管;監(jiān)督day and night日日夜夜;夜以繼日due to因為;由于search for 搜索;查找七、長難句分析Only when we learn to exist in
33、harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet,只有學會和大自然和諧共處,我們才不會成為野生生物和地球的威脅。此句中運用的句型為。nly+狀語從句引起的句子局部倒裝。The government, however,does not intend to stop the protection programme , since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.然而,政府并沒有打算停止這些保護工程,因為對
34、 藏羚羊的威脅依然存在。此處的劃線局部since引導的原因狀語從句,since表“自從”,后面句子跟一般過去時,引導 時間狀語從句。八、語法知識點1.現在進行時的被動語態(tài):表示現在或者現階段,動作正在做,且主語和謂語動詞之間存在 一種被動關系,具體形式如下:主動被動am/is/are doingam/is/are being doneA new gym is being built in our city at present and itll be accessible to the public when it is completed next February. The man who
35、 is being interviewed there is our headmaster.2. doing作賓補:一般表示某個人/物正在做某事,被動形式為being done, see/hear/notice/ watch sb/sth doing看見/聽見/注意到/注視正在做某事I noticed a student sweeping the floor in our classroom.He saw a thief being caught on the street.Unit 3 The Internet九、重點單詞以及其詞性轉換.convenient(n.) convenience
36、方便的,便利的-便利. identity-(v.) identify 確定;鑒定;識別-(adj.) identical 同一的;完全相同的.benefit(adj.) beneficial有益處,好處-有好處的,有益的.distance(adj.) distant遙遠的;不友好的;冷淡的. privacy(adj.) private隱私私密的,隱私的. inspire-(n.) inspiration 靈感;鼓舞一(adj.) inspired 受鼓舞的;受啟發(fā)的-(adj.) inspiring鼓舞人心的;啟發(fā)靈感的confirm-(adj.) confirmed堅定的;根深蒂固的;確認的
37、embarrass(adj.) embarrassed 感到尷尬的;難為情的theft-(n.) thief偷盜行為一小偷rude (adj.粗魯的)一 rudely (adv.粗魯地)一rudeness(n.粗魯).define (vt.給下定義;界定;解釋)一deflnitely(adv.明確地,肯定地)一definition(n.定義;清晰)access (n.通道;機會vt.進入;使用;獲取)-accessible (adj.易接近的;可進入的)update更新;向提供最新消息charity慈善、慈善機構conference會議;研討會;正式會談function功能;作用;機能disc
38、ount折扣;打折account賬戶;描述十、重點短語now that既然;由于in shape狀況良好keep track of掌握的最新消息;了解的動態(tài)ke叩sb. company陪伴某人go through經歷;度過;通讀make fun of取笑;戲弄benefit from. .從.受益have/get access to有權/機會使用.be upset about為某事煩惱in case以防;免得;以防萬一in no case 絕不keep (.) in mind 牢記It is convenient for sb to do sth 做某事很方便at ones convenience 在某人方便時be familiar with.對熟悉be particular about對很挑剔/講究chat with/to 與閑聊be embarrassed to do sth.窘迫地做某事to ones embarrassment令某人尷尬的是十一、長難句分析She realized that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that us
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