高三英語-閱讀理解-第2節(jié)-推理判斷題-2-觀點態(tài)度題

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)二、觀點態(tài)度題(2019北京，C)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know.By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺詐)We are finally waking up to the severity of t

2、he problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately，its too little，too late.By the time these “solutions”(解決方案)become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future，its not just

3、 going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(處理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to us

4、e.At this years I/O Conference，a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing humansounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The r

5、eason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.A decade of data breaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name，and far more.Armed with this knowledge，theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaig

6、ns to cheat people.This means，for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers，tricking you into “confirming” your address，mothers name，and card number.Scammers follow money，so companies will be

7、 the worst hit.A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks.Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to f

8、ind ways of determining and communicating what is real.That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images，showing when and who they were made by，or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards databased communicationsusing apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp，which can be ti

9、ed to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose，and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.eq x(語篇解讀隨著科技的發(fā)展，詐騙手段越來越多樣，騷擾電話給人們帶來了危害。)38How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?APanicked. BConfused.CEmbarrassed. DDisappointed.答案D解析推理判斷

10、題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Unfortunately，its too little，too late.By the time these solutions(解決方案) become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知這些措施太少，也太晚，等到這些“解決方案”被廣泛使用時，不法分子就會轉(zhuǎn)向更聰明的手段。由此可推知，作者對騷擾電話問題的解決方案感到很失望，故D項正確。39Taking advantage of the new technologies，scammers can .Aaim at victim

11、s preciselyBdamage databases easily Cstart campaigns rapidlyDspread information widely答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第二句“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.”可知，騷擾電話讓人頭疼的原因是它能準(zhǔn)確地獲取受害人的信息，故A項正確。40What does the passage imply?AHonesty is the best policy.BTechnologies ca

12、n be doubleedged.CThere are more solutions than problems.DCredibility holds the key to development.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，新技術(shù)可以給人們帶來便利，第三段論述了這一技術(shù)讓不法分子有了可乘之機(jī)，由此可知，技術(shù)是把雙刃劍，故B項正確。41Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?AWhere the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted BWho Is to Blame for

13、the Problem of Robocalls CWhy Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous DHow Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，首段介紹了越來越多的人拒接未知號碼的電話的現(xiàn)象，接下來著重闡述了這類電話給人們帶來危害的原因，最后給出了解決方案，故C項最適合作本文標(biāo)題。一、題型解讀所謂作者的觀點和態(tài)度，就是表達(dá)作者對某個話題、行為、事件的看法、感覺或判斷。作者的觀點和態(tài)度一般分為三大類：支持、贊同、樂觀；客觀、中立；反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀。作者

14、的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間。因此，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞或副詞。此類試題往往讓考生推斷文章作者或文中人物對某事所持的態(tài)度、觀點或看法，或推斷文中人物的語氣、性格等。設(shè)問形式常有：1Whats the writers attitude towards.?2What is the authors opinion on.?3What does the author think/feel about.?二、解題技巧“忠于措辭”定選項1文章作者或文中人物對某事物所持的觀點或態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中，注意文中作者或人物

15、的措辭。(1)正確掌握字里行間所隱含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的觀點來代替作者或文中人物的觀點。(2)留意那些描寫所處氛圍的語言及表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度或觀點的詞語或句子。(3)結(jié)合平時所積累的有關(guān)英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等的背景知識來進(jìn)行合理的推斷。(4)關(guān)注首段首尾句，推斷文章主題，確定作者觀點。2要分清選項中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反對或否定的詞語，再以此對照文章內(nèi)容。下面是一些常見的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語：(1)表示支持或肯定的詞語 favorable贊同的，有利的；positive積極的，肯定的，確實的；supportive支持的；approval贊成，正式批準(zhǔn)；reasonable合

16、理的；enthusiastic熱情的等。(2)表示反對或否定的詞語critical批評的；negative否定的，消極的；disapproval不贊成；impractical不實際的；radical激進(jìn)的；prejudiced有成見的，偏頗的等。(3)表示中立、客觀的態(tài)度objective 客觀的；neutral 中立的； indifferent 漠然的例如：【真題感悟】中第38題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Unfortunately，its too little，too late.By the time these solutions(解決方案) become widely available，sca

17、mmers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知這些措施太少，也太晚，等到這些“解決方案”被廣泛使用時，不法分子就會轉(zhuǎn)向更聰明的手段。由此可推知，作者對騷擾電話問題的解決方案感到很失望，故D項正確。A(2019吉林三模)For the last few months, I have given up what was previously one of my favorite foods：beef.Eating less red meat and be healthier, better for the environment andsurprisin

18、gly to mereally easy to do so.Sometimes it seems like much of our food is stuck in a cycle of excessive(過度的) production and excessive 1consumption.Meat consumption today contributes to 4global warming and environmental degradation(退化)Its 2estimated that 14.5% of global manmade greenhouse gas emissio

19、n(排放) come from livestock(家畜)which is more than the contribution from all forms of transport.Beef production 5makes up 41% of those emissions. Last year, Brazil reported a 28% increase in Amazonian deforestation(森林采伐)80% of deforested land in Brazil is then used for cattle farming.Modern beef farmin

20、g is also a huge drain(流干) on water resources.But it is possible to change.Reducing meat consumption is a growing trend,8driven by health and environmental considerations.A switch to a “healthy diet” as 6recommended by Harvard Medical Schoolwhich still includes eating meat，fish and eggswould reduce

21、greenhouse gas emissions from food production by 36%.The Norwegian military announced it is switching a oneday to a oneweek vegetarian diet in a move against global warming, while even in the US consumption of redmeat is falling. And as for yours truly，I feel healthier，more active and by making my d

22、iet more varied I never feel like I am missing out on anything.Stopping eating beef has also had a knockon effect on the rest of my diet，and I am eating less.Cattle and other livestock dont have to be environmentally harmful.Grassfed cattle need much smaller resource input.And as it has been shown,

23、livestock, if managed properly, can even restore degraded land.In the longer term, as Bill Gates highlighted, there is also great potential for advance in fields like synthetic(合成) meat. And there are other more sources of efficient protein; like insects！9But in a world where more people are now dyi

24、ng from obesity than malnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良)when hundreds of millions of people still dont have enough to eat, we cant solve this problem by simply continuing to make “conventional” intensive farming more intensive.語篇解讀 本文主要講了牛肉的消費對于環(huán)境和健康的不利之處，并呼吁人們減少紅肉的消費。1Why has the author given up eating beef?AIt is

25、better for his health and global warming.BIt can prevent him from being obesity.CIt is better for both health and environment.DHe likes vegetarian diet very much.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Eating less red meat and be healthier, better for the environment andsurprisingly to mereally easy to do so.”可知，少吃牛肉對于

26、健康和環(huán)境都好。故選C。2What result does cattle farming lead to?AThe loss of deforestation.BThe great loss of water resources.CThe loss of manmade greenhouse.DThe loss of livestock.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Last year，Brazil reported a 28% increase in Amazonian deforestation(森林采伐)80% of deforested land in Brazil is

27、then used for cattle farming.Modern beef farming is also a huge drain(流干) on water resources.”可知，養(yǎng)牛造成大量水資源的流失。故選B。3Whats the authors attitude towards raising some livestock in an environmental way? ANegative. BDoubtful.CFavorable. DProtective.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后三句“Cattle and other livestock dont ha

28、ve to be environmentally harmful.Grassfed cattle need much smaller resource input.And as it has been shown, livestock, if managed properly, can even restore degraded land.”可知，如果管理得當(dāng)，畜牧養(yǎng)殖甚至可以恢復(fù)退化的土地，可見作者是持支持態(tài)度的。故選C。4In Bill Gates opinion, we can get efficient protein by .Araising more insectsBraising

29、 more cattleCdeveloping manmade meatDdeveloping intensive farming答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“In the longer term, as Bill Gates highlighted, there is also great potential for advance in fields like synthetic(合成) meat.”可知，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，在合成肉等領(lǐng)域也有很大的發(fā)展?jié)摿?。故選C。B(2019廣西南寧二模)A new study shows that when teachers participat

30、e in a training program focused on prosocial(親社會的) classroom behavior，their students are better able to control their emotions，and that children who can regulate emotions are more likely to be academically successful.10For the study，which appears in Prevention Science，researchers looked at more than

31、 100 teachers and 1,817 students from kindergarten to third grade to see if teachers could support students emotional and behavioral growth through the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management(IYTCM) program.The program uses videos and training sessions，along with roleplaying and coaching，to he

32、lp teachers learn management skills such as using behaviorspecific praise，building positive relationships with students，and considering how to reduce poor behavior.Teachers in the training group increased 3interactions with students by 64 percent compared with 53 percent for teachers in the control

33、group without the training.“Emotional regulation is the ability to recognize what behavior is 7appropriate in the present situation，” says Wendy Reinke，professor in the College of Education at the University of Missouri.“For example，a student might have difficulty controlling the feeling of anger if

34、 he or she becomes annoyed with another student.But under this program，the teacher encourages them to move to a different spot in the classroom，effectively teaching them that sometimes stepping away and taking a break is a good way to calm down and manage that feeling.”After one school year of using

35、 the program in classrooms，students improved their social ability and ability to regulate their emotions.These improvements resulted in an increase in the tests for students in Incredible Years classrooms vs.students in control classrooms.And this classroom management approach can help reduce the ri

36、sk of struggling learners early on，which could help prevent more accumulative support that needs in a childs future.語篇解讀本文是一篇科普文，介紹了一個新的教師培訓(xùn)項目。參與了該項目的老師在教學(xué)過程中能更有效地幫助孩子們控制他們的情緒。5What do the teachers do in the IYTCM program?ALearn how to identify poor behavior.BOffer the researchers advice on emotiona

37、l control.CTake care of kids from kindergarten to third grade.DApply different ways to learning how to manage kids.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“The program uses videos and training sessions，along with roleplaying and coaching，to help teachers learn management skills.”可知答案為D。6What do Wendy Reinkes words sugge

38、st in Para.4?ANow it is hard for students to control their anger.BA calm manner is an effective way to handle problems.CFew can realize their behavior is unfit for a situation.DThe program will show how to handle troublesome kids.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的“the teacher encourages them to move to a differ

39、ent spot in the classroom，effectively teaching them that sometimes stepping away and taking a break is a good way to calm down and manage that feeling.”可以推出答案為B。7What is the authors attitude towards the training program?APositive. BNegative.CSubjective. DIndifferent.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文及第一段中的“.their stud

40、ents are better able to control their emotions，and that children who can regulate emotions are more likely to be academically successful.”可推知答案為A。8What can we learn from the last paragraph?AStudy results of the program are entirely unexpected.BThe program advances the students academic performance.C

41、Students in control classrooms can better control their emotions.DStudents change their bad behavior shortly through the program.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“These improvements resulted in an increase in the tests for students in Incredible Years classroom vs.students in control classrooms.”可推出答案為B。.障礙詞匯突破(

42、一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思1They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.(2018全國)n消耗2Scientists estimate that smoking reduces life expectancy by around 12 years on average.v.估算3Even if you have hundreds of reasons

43、 to contact your friends via QQ or WeChat，one reason is enough to make you turn off your smartphones or tablets to have a facetoface interaction.n.相互交流(二)同義詞語替換4A lack of a global law means scientists can clone humans in countries where the ban does not exist.worldwide5Computers make up 5% of the co

44、untrys commercial electricity consumption.account for6The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that adults and children should eat a variety of fruit and vegetables to help them achieve and maintain a healthy weight.suggests/advises7The appropriate attitude volunteers should possess is to beh

45、ave per(三)一詞多義8drive v駕駛；驅(qū)使；迫使；擊，敲(1)Curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge.驅(qū)使(2)With one blow，he drove the nail into the wall.擊，敲(3)He drove along for several miles before he spotted anyone.駕駛.長難句理解9But in a world wher

46、e more people are now dying from obesity than malnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良)when hundreds of millions of people still dont have enough to eat，we cant solve this problem by simply continuing to make “conventional” intensive farming more intensive.句式分析本句主句為 we cant solve this problem，in a world 是地點狀語，后面where 引導(dǎo)的是

47、定語從句，修飾先行詞world；when 引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，表示dying from obesity than malnutrition發(fā)生的時間。 by simply continuing.作方式狀語。精美譯文 但是在這個世界，死于肥胖的人數(shù)比死于營養(yǎng)不良的人數(shù)還多，與此同時，數(shù)億人還沒有足夠的食物吃，現(xiàn)在我們不能僅僅通過繼續(xù)使“傳統(tǒng)”的集約化農(nóng)業(yè)更加集約化來解決這個問題。10For the study，which appears in Prevention Science，researchers looked at more than 100 teachers and 1,817 st

48、udents from kindergarten to third grade to see if teachers could support students emotional and behavioral growth through the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management(IYTCM) program.句式分析本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。researchers looked at more than 100 teachers and 1,817 students from kindergarten to third grade為主

49、句。which引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞 study。 to see作的是目的狀語； 后面的if 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句。through the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management (IYTCM) program是介詞短語作狀語。精美譯文為了這項出現(xiàn)在預(yù)防科學(xué)上的研究，研究人員觀察了100多名教師和1 817名從幼兒園到三年級的學(xué)生，看教師能否通過“難以置信年教師課堂管理”(IYTCM)項目來支持學(xué)生的情感和行為發(fā)展。強(qiáng)化練(十四).閱讀理解A2019江西名校(臨川一中、南昌二中)聯(lián)考As the international demand f

50、or narrative(敘事的) film/TV content continues to increase with popular streaming services like Netflix and others，the two questions then come：will the coming generations receive most of their entertainment through visual means rather than through the written word and will such an increase of narrative

51、 film/TV reduce the importance of reading?Growing examples of this trend include the diminishment(減少) of fiction in the common core(核心的) curriculum，the everrising culture of computer games，the wave of streaming services of wide international reach，and movies filled with special effects made for chil

52、dren and teenagers.Nor must we ignore the economic dangers that lie ahead for the written word.The narrative film industry is a moneymaker that dwarfs(使相形見絀) the publishing industry.The other underlying question，of course，is “does it really matter if the written word bows to the world of narrative f

53、ilm/TV？” From my point of view，any diminishment of fiction delivered by words is a loss for mankind.There is no greater human feature than the imagination.It lies at the very soul of the human species.It is the brains most powerful engine.It is the essential muscle of life and like all muscles it mu

54、st be exercised and strengthened.Writing and reading are the principal tools that inspire，create and empower our imagination.Anything that diminishes that power is the enemy of mankind.It should be known that I am not opposed to new media and technological advances.Instead，I have always felt it nece

55、ssary to adapt to advancing technology.In fact，a number of my novels are in various stages of development for film，TV，and live stage productions.My hope is that the written word will only stand to be complemented(補(bǔ)充) by its visual counterparts(對應(yīng)物)，not pushed to the edge of extinction.Of course，ther

56、e are those who will present arguments for the superiority of the moving image over the written word.Each has its place.My argument is for finding the right balance between it and the moving image.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了敘事電影行業(yè)的發(fā)展讓文字變得相形見絀。作者認(rèn)為文字是激發(fā)和增強(qiáng)我們想象力的重要工具，同時表達(dá)了對閱讀的命運的擔(dān)心。1In what way does narrative fi

57、lm/TV embarrass the written word?AEconomic benefits.BInternational reach.CCultural influence.DEducational importance.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“The narrative film industry is a moneymaker that dwarfs(使相形見絀) the publishing industry.”可知，敘事電影行業(yè)是一個令出版行業(yè)相形見絀的賺錢行業(yè)，由此可知，敘事電影行業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)利益方面使文字變得尷尬。故選A。2Why does the aut

58、hor value the role of the written word?AIt strengthens our muscles.BIt helps sharpen our imagination.CIt distinguishes man from each other.DIt paves the way for narrative film/TV.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Writing and reading are the principal tools that inspire，create and empower our imagination.”可知，寫作和閱讀

59、是激發(fā)、創(chuàng)造和增強(qiáng)我們想象力的主要工具，由此可知，作者重視文字的作用是因為它能提高我們的想象力。故選B。3What is the authors attitude towards technology?ACautious. BSkeptical.CPositive. DCritical.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Instead，I have always felt it necessary to adapt to advancing technology.”可知，作者覺得有必要適應(yīng)先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，由此可推知，作者對技術(shù)持積極的態(tài)度。故選C項。4Whats the author c

60、oncerned about?AThe fate of reading.BThe extinction of fiction.CThe impact of the written word.DThe future of the moving image.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“My hope is that the written word will only stand to be complemented(補(bǔ)充) by its visual counterparts(對應(yīng)物)，not pushed to the edge of extinction.”可知，作者希望書