主謂一致講解 (2)講稿

1、關(guān)于主謂一致講解 (2)第一張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語在人稱和數(shù)上必須和主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。這是英語語法中必須遵循的基本規(guī)則，也是英語和漢語區(qū)別很大的地方。 主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：二、意義一致三、就近原則一、語法一致第二張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 一、語法一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：I often help him and he often helps me.我經(jīng)常幫助他，他也經(jīng)常幫助我。We often help each other.我們經(jīng)?；ハ鄮椭２豢蓴?shù)名詞作主語

2、，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。第三張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、意義一致主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義為單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The crowd were surrounding the government official.人群包圍了這位政府官員。Maths is hard to learn.數(shù)學(xué)難學(xué)。第四張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、就近原則就近原則即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 桌子

3、上有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。第五張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或 代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞有以下兩種 情況： 1). and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或 物作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。 Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不饒人。第六張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2). 如果連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列結(jié)構(gòu)是指同一個(gè)人或物，或指同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，這時(shí)and后面的名詞前不加冠詞。第七張，PPT共

4、三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月例如：A).表整體概念的并列結(jié)構(gòu)：bread and butter knife and forkiron and steel law and orderB).配套事物：a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fork is on the desk.刀叉放在桌子上。第八張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2.主語后面帶有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, bu

5、t 等引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞必須與前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如： The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the garden. 老師和同學(xué)們正在花園里種樹。第九張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3.如果主語是不定式，動(dòng)詞-ing形式或主語從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做什么看起來很重要。Serving the people is my great happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福。第十張，PPT共三十一

6、頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. 用連接的并列主語被each, every 或no修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班里的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。第十一張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語動(dòng)用單數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)代詞+ each, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： Each of us has something to say.我們每個(gè)人都有些話要說。第十二張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. 不定代詞all, more, some, any, none等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)

7、詞視情況而定。謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)它指代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)看作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。All the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。All the apple is rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。None of us are /is perfect. 人無完人。None of the money is left. 一點(diǎn)錢也沒剩下。第十三張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)。 Someone is calling you. 有人叫你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋里找不到什么東

8、西。第十四張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月8. 名詞如trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)；而形復(fù)義單的名詞如news;以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如physics, politics, 國名如the United States; 報(bào)紙名如the New Times; 書名如Great Expectations(遠(yuǎn)大前程)；以及the United Nations作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。第十五張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 如：The scissors are sharp.No news is

9、 good news.Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860.第十六張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月9. 集體名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)， 也可用復(fù)數(shù)，主要由句子的意思決定。 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)用單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中的個(gè)體 的用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有people, family, class, population, crowd, team, ground等。His family is going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬?。His family are all music lovers. 他們?nèi)叶际且魳窅酆谜?。第十七張，P

10、PT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月10. 有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞由上下文決定。這類名詞有means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish等。如：Not every means is useful. 并非每種方法都有效。Not all means are useful. 并非所有的方法都有效。第十八張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月11. 表示一類人的 “the +形容詞(分詞)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital.The l

11、ost have been found.第十九張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月12. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、度量等名詞作主語時(shí)，不管單復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的時(shí)間并不長。Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 兩個(gè)小時(shí)對(duì)我來說完成這項(xiàng)工作足夠了。第二十張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月13. the rest of, half of, majority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a num

12、ber of, a plenty of, percent of 以及分?jǐn)?shù)詞等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面名詞的數(shù)，即就近原則。如：A part of the students have arrived.部分學(xué)生已到了。A part of the apple has been eaten by the mouse.這個(gè)蘋果的一部分被老鼠吃了。第二十一張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月14. 在表存在的there be 句式中，主語是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列名詞（短語），be的形式與最近的一個(gè)名詞（短語）保持一致。 There is a pen, two pencils and severa

13、l books on the desk.=There are two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk.=There are several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk.第二十二張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月15. 由here, there等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中，若主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與最近的主語保持一致。如：Here comes the bus.Here is a pen and two books for you.第二十三張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月16.

14、用連詞 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最近的主語保持一致。如：Neither you nor I am wrong. Neither I nor you are wrong.Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music. Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music.第二十四張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月

15、 Multiple choice:1. On the wall_ two large portraits.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said.A. keep B. kept C. keeps D. have kept3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A. are B. is C. were D. has第二十五張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022

16、年6月 4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was5. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known6. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were第二十六張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7. When and where to build the new factory _ y

17、et. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided8. A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered第二十七張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed第二十八張，PPT共三十一頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countrys