2023年最新的簡單句并列句復(fù)合句

1、第 PAGE20 頁 共 NUMPAGES20 頁2023年最新的簡單句并列句復(fù)合句 根據(jù)語法形式，即句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，英語的句子可分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。 1簡單句 句型：主語+謂語 只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而句子的各個結(jié)構(gòu)都只由單詞或短語表示 They are playing baseball in the garden. 他們正在公園里打棒球。 Her brother and sister both are teachers. 她的哥哥和姐姐都是老師。 2并列句 句型：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句（常見的并列連詞有and，but，or） 并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡單句

2、意義同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。 Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher. I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasnt interested in it. Hurry up，or youll be late. 3 復(fù)合句 句型：主句+連詞+從句；或連詞+從句+主句（包含一個主句、一個或一個以上的從句，或只包含一個從句，但有兩個或兩個以上的主句的句子叫復(fù)合句。） 復(fù)合句（The Complex Sentence）：句子中有一個或一個以上的從句，叫

3、做復(fù)合句。復(fù)合句可分為： 1).定語從句（The Attributive Clause）； 2).狀語從句（The Adverbial Clause）； 3).名詞性從句（The Noun Clause）： 一、 定語從句 定語從句的定義 定語從句在句子中作定語，用來修飾一個名詞、名詞詞組或者代詞。 先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞 被修飾的名詞、名詞詞組或代詞叫做先行詞； 在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫做引導(dǎo)詞。 引導(dǎo)詞分為“關(guān)系代詞”和“關(guān)系副詞”。 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why。

4、注意：關(guān)系副詞里面沒有how。 如果要修飾方式，用that或in which引導(dǎo)，或者不用引導(dǎo)詞。 I dont like the way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜歡他看我的那個樣子。 關(guān)系代詞：who 關(guān)系動詞who在從句中主要作主語，在非正式語體里who還可以作從句中的賓語。 He is the man who wants to see you. He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday. 關(guān)系代詞：whom He is the man （whom） I saw in the park yesterd

5、ay. （whom在從句中作賓語） 關(guān)系代詞：whose whose 用來指人或物，（只能用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （of which the cover/the cover of which） 關(guān)系代詞：which（1） which指物，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時在非正式語體中可以省略。 They needed a plant which didnt

6、 need as much water as rice. The farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing. 關(guān)系代詞：which（2） 當(dāng)在which和that面前進(jìn)行選擇的情況下，一下情況要選which： 1.在非限制性定語從句中通常用which作引導(dǎo)詞，而不能用that做非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。 2. 修飾整個主句。 I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity. 3. 修飾謂語部分。 He can swim in the riv

7、er, which I cannot. 4. 介詞 + which They are all questions to which there are no answers. 關(guān)系代詞：that（1） that多用來指物，有時也可以用來指人；在從句中作主語或賓語。指物的時候多用that，也可用which。 Its a question that (which) needs careful consideration. （指物，作主語。） Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree （指人，作主語。） The girl (th

8、at) we saw yesterday is Toms sister. （指人，作賓語，可省略。） 關(guān)系代詞：that（2） 在以下的情況中，只能用that作引導(dǎo)詞，而不能用which作引導(dǎo)詞。 1. 先行詞為all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代詞時。 All (that) she lacked was training. 2. 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 3. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞和the last修飾時 4. 先行詞中既有人又有物時 They ta

9、lked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited. 5. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑問句，為了避免重復(fù)時 二、 狀語從句 1 地點狀語從句 地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。 Where I live there are plenty of trees. Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 2 方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。 1） as, (just) asso引導(dǎo)的方式

10、狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文體，例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。 2）

11、 as if, as though 兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作仿佛似的，好像似的，例如： They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。） He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。） It

12、looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。） 說明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。 3 原因狀語從句 比較：because, since, as和for 1） bec

13、ause語勢最強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。 I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2） 由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he

14、 is absent today. 4 目的狀語從句 表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)，例如： You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 5 結(jié)果狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句常由so that 或 suchthat引導(dǎo)，掌握這兩個句型，首先要了解so 和 such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。 比較：so和 such 其規(guī)律由so與

15、such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。 so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people （ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot

16、 of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。） sothat與suchthat之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。 The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school 6 條件狀語從句 連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。. if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。 unless = if not.

17、Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk. 7 讓步狀語從句 though, although 注意： 當(dāng)有though, although時，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用 Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 3) ever if, even though. 即使 Well make a trip even though the we

18、ather is bad. 4) whetheror- 不管都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 5) no matter +疑問詞 或疑問詞+后綴ever No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替換：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matt

19、er which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。 （錯）No matter what you say is of no use now. （對）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句) （錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （對）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given. 囚犯們只能給什么

20、吃什么。 8 比較while, when, as 1）as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動作的動詞。 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2）當(dāng)從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個從句，不可用as 或 while。 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3）從句表示隨時間推移連詞能用as，不用when 或while。 As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天過去

21、，天氣越變越壞。 9 比較until和till 此兩個連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际亲瞿呈轮敝聊硶r，動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是直至某時才做某事。動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可 以。 正確使用這兩個連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。 肯定句： I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替 Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句： She didnt arrive until 6 ocloc

22、k. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點也不知道。 2)Until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。 Until when are you staying 你呆到什么時候？ Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。 注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。 (1)Not until 在句首，主句用倒裝。 Not until the

23、 early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世紀(jì)初，人類才知道熱能是什么。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我開始工作，我才認(rèn)識到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。 (2) It is not until that 10 表示一就的結(jié)構(gòu) hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan 和as soon as都可以表示一就的意思，例： I had hardly / scarcely

24、 got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 三、 名詞性從句 1）.賓語從句（The Objec

25、t Clause）； 賓語從句 在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。賓語從句可以作及物動詞的賓語，作短語動詞的賓語，介詞的賓語。 賓語從句：及物動詞 Everybody knows that money doesnt grow on trees. 賓語從句：短語動詞 Please go and find out when the train will arrive. 賓語從句：介詞的賓語 I am interested in what she is doing. 賓語從句：否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 I dont suppose youre used to this

26、diet. 我想你不習(xí)慣這種飲食。 I dont believe shell arrive before 8. 我相信她8點之前不會到。 2）.表語從句（The Predicative Clause）； 表語從句 在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。 What the police want to know is when you entered the room. This is what we should do. Thats why I want you to work there. as if, as though, because也可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句。 She seems as if she had done a great thing. It is because you eat too much. 虛擬語氣：表語從句 主語是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名詞時,作表語從句的動詞為原形動詞或should+原形動詞。 My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him. Our only req