新概念英語第二冊第18課課件

1、新概念英語第二冊第18課課件新概念英語第二冊第18課課件Daily ProverbKnow the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.知己知彼,百戰(zhàn)不殆Daily ProverbKnow the enemy anNew Words1New Words1leavev. 離開v. 留下你最好留下你的地址和電話號碼。Youd better leave your address and telephone number.常表示某物落在/忘在某地。v. 留給，交給他把

2、好些書都存在我這兒/留給了我。He has left a number of books with / to me.leave sth. with sb.leave sth. to sb.表示暫存,以后還要取回表示以后不再索還leavev. 離開v. 留下你最好留下你的地址和電話號碼。leave使役動詞,表示使/ 讓保持某種狀態(tài)出去時,不要關(guān)門。Leave the door open when you go out.形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語讓他自個兒去做。Leave him to do it himself.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語他們走開了,讓我一個人坐在那兒。They walked off and l

3、eft me sitting there alone.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語leave使役動詞,表示使/ 讓保持某種狀態(tài)出去時,leave瓶子里還有水嗎?Is there any water left in the bottle?left,常用作后置定語,表示剩下的n. 休假他向老師請病假。He asked his teacher for sick leave.leave瓶子里還有水嗎?Is there any watehave作實意動詞1.表示“有”的意思。 2.have和一些其他名詞連用，表示一種活動,患病I have some good friends.We have no classes

4、 on Sunday.I have a bad cold.3.和一與動詞同形的名詞連用，表示一個動作（havea由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化和名詞）have a talk with4.表示“吃”、“喝”have a cup of tea5.組成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)即“have賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”have sth donehave作實意動詞1.表示“有”的意思。 2.have和一些havehave與to一起構(gòu)成情態(tài)動詞，表示“不得不”、“必 須”，可用于各種時態(tài)I have to look after my dog at home.have做助動詞與動詞的過去分詞一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時。Great changes hav

5、e taken place the last two years in China. They said that the Frankhad stolen their camel.have用于“情態(tài)動詞have過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，有推測、假設(shè)之意。1.musthave過去分詞，表示對過去時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的情況的推測，一般用于肯定句。You must have left your bag in the theatre. havehave與to一起構(gòu)成情態(tài)動詞，表示“不得不”、“必havehave用于“情態(tài)動詞have過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，有推測、假設(shè)之意。1.musthave過去分詞，表示對過去時

6、間發(fā)生的動作或存在的情況的推測，一般用于肯定句。You must have left your bag in the theatre. 2.can(could)have過去分詞，表示對過去發(fā)生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑問句。 He cant have been to your home, he doesnt know your address. 3.shouldhave過去分詞，表示“某事本該早做而實際未做”，用于肯定句。 You should have been here five minutes ago.havehave用于“情態(tài)動詞have過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，havehave用于某

7、些短語，表示固定的意思。1.had better不帶to的動詞不定式，表示“最好”Id better go and look for him now.2.have nothing(something)to do with，表示“和無（有）”關(guān)系。 Most of questions had nothing to do with Edisons lessons.havehave用于某些短語，表示固定的意思。1.had bgivegive backgive upgive awaygive ingive offgive outI gave the textbook back to him.歸還You

8、d better give up smoking.放棄give away the prizes頒發(fā)give the secret away泄露出賣，贈送The strikers wouldnt give in.投降，屈服The flower gives off a good smell.發(fā)出（光，味道等等）發(fā)出（光，味道等等）分發(fā)givegive backI gave the textbo單詞詞義例句take帶走，從這里把帶出去Please take these books to the library for me. bring帶來，從別處把帶過來Why dont you bring you

9、r girl friend to the party? carry運(yùn)載、攜帶They are carrying some paintings to the art gallery. fetch去取 去拿 命令語氣比較重She has gone to fetch water. 單詞詞義例句take帶走，Please take thesePractice2Practice21. Even though it is spring, you had better _ the windows _ （讓窗子關(guān)著）2. Dont _ him _ （等著）outside in the train.3. He

10、would like to _ the apple _ （未吃完的）up and threw away.4. Parents always _ him _ _.（讓自己做）5. _ the expense _, (費(fèi)用多少不說)do we actually need a second car?6. You had better _ him _.(在角落里)leaveclosedleavewaitingleaveuneatenleavetodoLeavingasideleavein the corner1. Even though it is spring, yGame Time3Game Ti

11、me3the murder gamethe murder gameGrammar4Grammar4in在里面on在上，by和beside在近旁；above表示在上方，below恰好為反向。若表正上用over，under表示正下方。in front of表在前，反義behind在后面。從里穿過用through，表面通過across。進(jìn)到里面用into，落到上面用onto。from表示自何方，to和towards表朝向。小小介詞用處大，反復(fù)實踐掌握它。in在里面on在上，by和beside在近旁；1. Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birth

12、days.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on2.-There is nothing _ tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C. out D. up3. A lot of students in our school were born _ March, 1981.A. in B. at C. on D. since4. He suddenly returned _ a rainy night.A. on B. at C.

13、in D. during5. My grandfather was born _ Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. in C. at D. of1. Children get gifts _ Chr6. The train is starting _ five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D. still7. Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on8. Children wake up very early _ the mor

14、ning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at9._acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For10. It happened to be very cold _ the morning of our sports meeting.A. at B. on C. with D. of 6. The train is starting _ f介詞用法例句on在上His book is on the desk.相鄰,接壤China faces the Pacific on the east

15、. in在里There is a pencil case in the schoolbag.在同一范圍內(nèi)Guilin is in the north of Guangxi.to不在同一范圍內(nèi),也不接壤Japan is to the east of China.next to緊靠的旁邊The shop is next to the school.beside在旁邊Come and sit beside (/by) me.by在旁邊,與 beside 可以互換There is a chair by(beside) the table.near在附近There is a theatre near h

16、is home. 表示方位的介詞介詞用法例句on在上His book is on the 表示方位的介詞介詞用法例句around在周圍Let me see if he is around.over在（垂直）的正上方We live over a small bookstore.抽象概念職位高低He is over me.(頂頭上司)above在（不一定垂直）的上方There is a bridge over the river.職位高低He is above me.(一般不是直接上司)under在（垂直的）正下方The box is under the table.below在（垂直的）正下方W

17、e are below the moon表示方位的介詞介詞用法例句around在周圍Let me 1. Shanghai is located _ the east of China.2. Handan is _ the south of Hebei province.3. Hainan is _ the south of China.4. Japan is _ the east of China.5. Henan province is _ the south of Hebei province.6. Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.用in, on, t

18、o填空。ininintoonin1. Shanghai is located _表示延續(xù)時間的介詞介詞用法by意為“在之前；不遲于”for意為“在之前；不遲于”in意為“在以后；在時間內(nèi)”since意為“自從以來；自以后”until用于否定句中，意為“直到才”，其前的謂語動詞多為非延續(xù)性動詞用在肯定句中，意為“直到為止”，其前謂語動詞須用延續(xù)性動詞表示延續(xù)時間的介詞介詞用法by意為“在之前；不遲于”表示延續(xù)時間的介詞他已經(jīng)當(dāng)老師9年了。He has been a teacher _ nine years.我已經(jīng)在這兒住了10年了。I have lived here _ ten years ag

19、o.他十分鐘之后將會回來。He will be back _ ten minutes.forsincein表示延續(xù)時間的介詞他已經(jīng)當(dāng)老師9年了。forsincein直到五月，我們才會看到一些花。We dont see any flowers _ May.你必須得在這里站到太陽落下去為止。You must stand here _ the sun sets.我明天早晨八點前必須得到校。I must be at school _ eight tomorrow morning.你能在五分鐘之內(nèi)干完這些工作嗎？Can you finish your work _ five minutes?表示延續(xù)時間

20、的介詞sinceuntilbyin直到五月，我們才會看到一些花。表示延續(xù)時間的介詞sinceu表示方式的介詞介詞用來表交通，常把by, in, on來用；限定、復(fù)數(shù)用in / on，by要直通海陸空；騎馬、騎車慣用on，小轎車前in才通。介詞用法舉例by海by ship / boat / sea陸by bus / car / train / bike / taxi空by air / plane / spaceshipon/inon / in + 限定詞 + 交通工具He goes to work on the bike / in his car.on foot(固定搭配)表示方式的介詞介詞用來

21、表交通，常把by, in, on來用；用in, by, on填空。1. They often go to school _ foot.2. Does he usually go home _ bike?3. She went to Qingdao _ ship last week.4. I want to go to Beijing _ bus.5. She often comes to school _ her fathers car.6. Did you come here _ a taxi?onbybybyinin用in, by, on填空。1. They often go表示運(yùn)動方向的

22、介詞介詞用法across意為“從表面穿過”，或沿某一條線的方向而進(jìn)行的動作through意為 “從內(nèi)部穿過”past/by表示“從旁邊經(jīng)過或路過”Please be careful when you go _ the street.Look! The mosquito is trying to fly _ the window.We often go _ a bakery on our way to school.acrossthroughpast/by表示運(yùn)動方向的介詞介詞用法across意為“從表面穿過”不用介詞的情況today, yesterday, tomorrow等時間狀語前含有l(wèi)a

23、st, this, that, these, those, next, every, one, some, all等詞的時間狀語前here, there, home, back等副詞前不用介詞的情況today, yesterday, tomor過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時定義結(jié)構(gòu)時間標(biāo)志詞發(fā)生在過去，并對現(xiàn)在造成影響。發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能一直持續(xù)下去。主語+have done+其他already, yet,so far, until nowsince+ 時間點, for+時間段發(fā)生在過去的過去，并對過去造成影響。發(fā)生在過去的過去，持續(xù)到過去，并且可能一直持續(xù)下去。主語+had d

24、one+其他by + 過去的時間點by the end of + 過去的時間點before + 過去的時間點過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時定義結(jié)構(gòu)時間標(biāo)志詞發(fā)生在過去，表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作，可以用by, before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個表示過去的動作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。過去完成時過去的過去By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作，過去完成時過去的過表示由過去的某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的

25、動作或狀態(tài)，常和for, since構(gòu)成的時間狀語連用。過去完成時過去的過去I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.表示由過去的某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)過去完成時過去的過去敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補(bǔ)充以前發(fā)生的動作時，常使用過去完成時。Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mi

26、ne.I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.過去完成時過去的過去敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的過去完成時過去的過去用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句（或間接引語）中，這時從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。He said that he had known her well. I thought I had sent the letter a week before.過去完成時過去的過去用在told,said,knew,hea過去完

27、成時過去的過去狀語從句：在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，“發(fā)生在過去的過去”，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。如:when, before, after, as soon as, till/until引導(dǎo)的When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work.過去完成時過去的過去狀語從句：在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中過去完成時過去的過去動詞think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)

28、的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.We had hoped to be able to come and see you .他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒有及時趕到那里。我們本來希望能來看看你。過去完成時過去的過去動詞think, want, hope,Practice5Practice51He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I beenD. w

29、here had I gone2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, doB. has, doneC. did, did.D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learnedB. was learningC. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of1He

30、 asked me _ during the1. We _(paint) the house before we _(move) in.2. That rich old man _(make) a will before he _(die).3. They _(study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _(run away ) before the policemen _(arrive).5. I _(turn off) all the lights before I _(go) to bed.6. Paul _(go) out with Jane after he _(