名師講解英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)人文知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)綱要課件

1、專業(yè)八級(jí)人文知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)綱要A. 測(cè)試要求：能基本了解主要英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的地理、歷史、現(xiàn)狀、文化傳統(tǒng)等。能初步具備英語(yǔ)文學(xué)知識(shí)。能初步具備英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)知識(shí)。B.測(cè)試形式和分值：本部分采用多項(xiàng)選擇題形式，要求學(xué)生從每個(gè)題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，共10題，10分。社會(huì)文化知識(shí)社會(huì)文化知識(shí)主要包括：（1）英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況（2）英國(guó)社會(huì)與文化（3）美國(guó)社會(huì)與文化（4）西方文化入門（5）希臘，羅馬神話（6）圣經(jīng)下面，以英國(guó)社會(huì)文化為例給大家提供一些復(fù)習(xí)的建議歷史地理：英國(guó)歷史地理知識(shí)包括：英國(guó)及其各民族的起源，發(fā)展和變遷，英國(guó)歷史上的重大事件，歷史人物，主要山脈，河流和湖泊等。還包括由地理，地貌而造成的典型天氣或

2、氣候現(xiàn)象等。英國(guó)文化國(guó)名：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northan Ireland.（大不列顛以及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)）國(guó)旗：米字旗，國(guó)旗的意義。國(guó)徽，國(guó)徽的意義。國(guó)歌，國(guó)花。首都，人口，行政區(qū)劃分。地理特征山脈河流與湖泊氣候人口 英國(guó)文化英國(guó)的起源：I早起居民II.羅馬人統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的英國(guó)III.央格魯-撒克遜人IV.北歐海盜和丹麥人的入侵V.諾曼征服英國(guó)的形成：諾曼統(tǒng)治大憲章的內(nèi)容和意義英國(guó)議會(huì)的起源百年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)及其結(jié)果黑死病1381年農(nóng)民起義及其意義英國(guó)文化向現(xiàn)代英國(guó)的過度：玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)英國(guó)的宗教改革伊麗莎白一世英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)及其結(jié)果王朝復(fù)辟1

3、688年光榮革命1605年火藥陰謀案大英帝國(guó)的興衰：輝格黨人和托利黨人18世紀(jì)末的農(nóng)業(yè)革命工業(yè)革命憲章運(yùn)動(dòng)人民憲章工會(huì)和工黨殖民擴(kuò)張英國(guó)文化E.g.1. Which of the following does not belong to the Island of Great Britain?A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Ireland (D)2. Big Ben is a famous _in London.A. statue B. bridge C. hotel D. clock (D)英語(yǔ)文化3.The river Thames is in _A.

4、 Wales B. Scotland C. England D. Northern Ireland (C) 4.The first king of England is _,who won the overlordship in 829.A. John B. James I C. Egbert D. Henry (C) 英語(yǔ)文化5.In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the age of _A. 5,14 B. 6, 17 C. 5, 16 D. 6,14 (C) 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)知識(shí)一：知識(shí)簡(jiǎn)介：1. Introduct

5、ion to Linguisticsa. what is Language?b. design features of Languagearbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacementc. Functions of Languageinformative, interpersonal function, performative, emotive function, Fhatic communion, Recreational function, Metalingual functiond.What is Linguistics?e.Main b

6、ranches of Linguistics phonetics, phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmaticsf. MacrolinguisticsPsycholinguistics, Sociolinguistics, Anthropological Linguistics, Computional Linguisticsg. Important Distinctions in Linguisticsprescriptive & descriptiveSynchronic & DiachronicLangue & PoraleCo

7、mpetence & Performance2. speech Soundsa. Speech Production and Perseptionarticulatory phonetics, Acoustic Phonetics, Auditory Phoneticsb.Speech Organsc.ConsonantsManners of Articulation, Places of Articulationd.Vowelsfour criteria, cardinal vowelse. coarticulationanticipatory coarticulation, perseve

8、rative coarticulationf. Phonetic Transcriptiong. Phonologyh. Phonemes and allophonesminimal pairs, phoneme, allophones, complementary distribution, free variationi. Phonological Process and Phonological RulesPhonological Process, Phonological Rulej. Distinctive Featuresk. Suprasegmental FeaturesSyll

9、abic Structure, Sonority Scale, Stress6. Pragmaticsa.speech Act Theory Performative and Constative, a theory of the Illocutionary Actb. The Theory of Conversational ImplicatureThe Coorperative Principles, characteristics of implicaturec. Post-Gricean DevelopmentsRelevance Theory, The Q- and R-princi

10、ples7. Theories and Schools of Modern Linguisticsa. Ferdinand de Saussureb. The Prague Schoolc. The London Schoold. american Structuralisme. Transformational-Generative GrammarE.g.1._ is regarded as “father of modern linguistics”?A. Chomsky B. Saussure C. Halliday D. Whorf (B)2.The distinction betwe

11、en competence and performance is similar to the distinction between_.A. Perspective and descriptive B. Synchronic and DiachronicC. Speech and Writing D. Langue and parole. (D)E.g.1./m,n/ are_A. fricatives B. dentals C. glides D. nasals (D)2. A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one

12、 shape of a word from another in a given language is a _A. phoneme B. allophone C. phone D. allomorph (A)形態(tài)學(xué)E.g.1.Which of the following is not a free morpheme?A. bed B. tree C. dance D. children (D)2. Of the following word-formation process, _is the most productive.A. Clipping B. bending C. initiat

13、ion D. derivation (D)語(yǔ)義學(xué)E.g.1. X: They are going to have another baby Y:They have a childThe relationship between X and Y is _A. synonymous B. inconsistent C. X entailing Y D. X presupposing Y (C)2. “Fall” and “autumn” are_ synonyms.A. dialectal B. stylistic C. evaluatively different D. semantically

14、 different (A) 語(yǔ)用學(xué)E.g.1. _ first proposed Speech Act Theory.A. Searle B. Austin C. Grice D. Halliday (B)2. The function of the sentence “water boils at 100 degree centigrade” is _A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative (C)Model Test 1PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE l0 min There are t

15、en multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.31. Where is Edinburgh? A. In Wales. B. In Scotland. C. In Northern Ireland. D. In Ireland.32. Which of the following is NOT a U.S. news and cable network? A. ABC. B. CNN. C.

16、 CBS. D. BBC.33. The capital of Australia is_. A. Sydney B. Melbourne C. Canberra D. Perth34. Which degree is offered in community colleges in the United States? A. Masters degree. B. Doctors degree. C. Bachelors degree. D. Associate degree.35. George Bernard Shaw was a(n) A. playwright B. poet C. novelist D.